| 单词 | radiation |
| 释义 | radiation (once / 1245 pages) 1n 2n 3n Radiation is energy transmitted in waves or a stream of particles. The first thing you think of as radiation is probably X-rays, but what cooks your food in the microwave oven is also radiation. Radiation has some important medical uses, especially in the treatment of cancer, as "radiation therapy." It’s also associated with such horrors as "radiation sickness" — observed in people exposed to high levels of radiation, as in the aftermath of the 1986 explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear reactor, in the Ukraine. You can also use the word radiation, in more benign contexts, to describe something spreading out from a central point, as the radiation of warmth from your fireplace. WORD FAMILYradiation: radiations+/radiance: radiances/radiate: radiance, radiancy, radiated, radiately, radiates, radiating, radiatingly, radiation, radiator/radiator: radiators USAGE EXAMPLESI am remembering how my mother lived with breast cancer for 14 years, through two mastectomies and repeated chemotherapy and radiation. Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016) While not a candidate for surgery, he was recommended for chemotherapy in conjunction with radiation therapy. Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016) Ms. Muñiz stayed in the room with her husband while he received radiation treatment. New York Times(Dec 31, 2016) 1 1n the act of spreading outward from a central source Hypo|Hyper bombardment the act (or an instance) of subjecting a body or substance to the impact of high-energy particles (as electrons or alpha rays) emanation, emission the act of emitting; causing to flow forth 2n a radial arrangement of nerve fibers connecting different parts of the brain Hyper neural structure a structure that is part of the nervous system 3n the spread of a group of organisms into new habitats 2Hypo|Hyper adaptive radiation the development of many different forms from an originally homogeneous group of organisms as they fill different ecological niches spread, spreading process or result of distributing or extending over a wide expanse of space action, activity, natural action, natural processa process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) 1n energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles Hypo|Hyper ionizing radiation high-energy radiation capable of producing ionization in substances through which it passes cosmic radiationradiation coming from outside the solar system electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic wave, nonparticulate radiationradiation consisting of waves of energy associated with electric and magnetic fields resulting from the acceleration of an electric charge solar radiationradiation from the sun actinic radiation, actinic rayelectromagnetic radiation that can produce photochemical reactions alpha radiation, alpha raythe radiation of alpha particles during radioactive decay beam, electron beam, raya group of nearly parallel lines of electromagnetic radiation beta radiation, beta ray, electron radiationradiation of beta particles during radioactive decay black-body radiation, blackbody radiationthe electromagnetic radiation that would be radiated from an ideal black body; the distribution of energy in the radiated spectrum of a black body depends only on temperature and is determined by Planck's radiation law CBR, CMB, CMBR, cosmic background radiation, cosmic microwave background, cosmic microwave background radiation(cosmology) the cooled remnant of the hot big bang that fills the entire universe and can be observed today with an average temperature of about 2.725 kelvin cosmic rayhighly penetrating ionizing radiation of extraterrestrial origin; consisting chiefly of protons and alpha particles; collision with atmospheric particles results in rays and particles of many kinds Hertzian wavean electromagnetic wave generated by oscillations in an electric circuit gamma radiation, gamma rayelectromagnetic radiation emitted during radioactive decay and having an extremely short wavelength linea single frequency (or very narrow band) of radiation in a spectrum microwavea short electromagnetic wave (longer than infrared but shorter than radio waves); used for radar and microwave ovens and for transmitting telephone, facsimile, video and data neutron radiationradiation of neutrons (as by a neutron bomb) radio emission, radio radiation, radio wavean electromagnetic wave with a wavelength between 0.5 cm to 30,000 m insolationincident solar radiation flare, solar flarea sudden eruption of intense high-energy radiation from the sun's surface; associated with sunspots and radio interference solar prominencelarge eruptions of luminous hydrogen gas that rise thousands of kilometers above the chromosphere solar winda stream of protons moving radially from the sun X ray, X-radiation, X-ray, roentgen rayelectromagnetic radiation of short wavelength produced when high-speed electrons strike a solid target energy, free energy (physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs 2n the spontaneous emission of a stream of particles or electromagnetic rays in nuclear decay Syn|Hypo|Hyper radioactivity corpuscular radiation, particulate radiation a stream of atomic or subatomic particles that may be charged positively (e.g. alpha particles) or negatively (e.g. beta particles) or not at all (e.g. neutrons) alpha radiation, alpha raythe radiation of alpha particles during radioactive decay beta radiation, beta ray, electron radiationradiation of beta particles during radioactive decay neutron radiationradiation of neutrons (as by a neutron bomb) emission the release of electrons from parent atoms 3n (medicine) the treatment of disease (especially cancer) by exposure to a radioactive substance 3Syn|Hypo|Hyper actinotherapy, irradiation, radiation therapy, radiotherapy phototherapy the use of strong light to treat acne or hyperbilirubinemia of the newborn Curietherapy, radium therapythe use of radium in radiation therapy X-ray therapythe therapeutic use of X rays therapy (medicine) the act of caring for someone (as by medication or remedial training etc.) n syndrome resulting from exposure to ionizing radiation (e.g., exposure to radioactive chemicals or to nuclear explosions); low doses cause diarrhea and nausea and vomiting and sometimes loss of hair; greater exposure can cause sterility and cataracts and some forms of cancer and other diseases; severe exposure can cause death within hours he was suffering from radiation Syn|Hyper radiation sickness, radiation syndrome syndrome a pattern of symptoms indicative of some disease |
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