| 单词 | reaction |
| 释义 | reaction (once / 239 pages) 1n 2n 3n 4n A reaction is an action taken in response to something. If you're telling your parents that you want to move out, you'll see by their reaction that they're sad about it. A reaction is often a physical in nature. A chemical reaction describes the way a chemical behaves when combined with another substance. The way your body responds to a medication or external influence is a physical reaction. Think of the way cold air causes you to get goose bumps on your arms. It can also describe something more emotional, for instance a person’s reaction of laughter when told a funny story. WORD FAMILYreaction: reactionary, reactionism, reactions+/overreact: overreacted, overreacting, overreaction, overreacts/overreaction: overreactions/react: overreact, reactant, reacted, reacting, reaction, reactive, reacts/reactionary: reactionaries, reactionarily/reactionism: reactionist/reactive: reactively, reactivity, unreactive USAGE EXAMPLESAnd the “silence and sighs”? The allegedly negative reaction was experienced by precisely one colleague on exactly one call, unsolicited by the Conways. Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017) The online reaction to the puzzle was swift, though it seemed more people were entertained than offended. BBC(Jan 03, 2017) There was no immediate reaction from China to Trump’s tweet. The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017) 1 1n an idea evoked by some experience his reaction to the news was to start planning what to do Hyper idea, thought the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about 2n a response that reveals a person's feelings or attitude he was pleased by the audience's reaction to his performance John feared his mother's reaction when she saw the broken lamp Hyper response a result 3n doing something in opposition to another way of doing it that you don't like his style of painting was a reaction against cubism Hypo|Hyper backlash an adverse reaction to some political or social occurrence white backlash, whitelashbacklash by white racists against black civil rights advances opposition, resistance the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with 4n extreme conservatism in political or social matters 2the forces of reaction carried the election Hyper conservatism, conservativism a political or theological orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes n a bodily process occurring due to the effect of some antecedent stimulus or agent 3a bad reaction to the medicine Syn|Hypo|Hyper response automatism any reaction that occurs automatically without conscious thought or reflection (especially the undirected behavior seen in psychomotor epilepsy) rebounda reaction to a crisis or setback or frustration overreactionan excessive reaction; a reaction with inappropriate emotional behavior Fere phenomenon, GSR, Tarchanoff phenomenon, electrical skin response, electrodermal response, galvanic skin response, psychogalvanic responsea change in the electrical properties of the skin in response to stress or anxiety; can be measured either by recording the electrical resistance of the skin or by recording weak currents generated by the body immune reaction, immune response, immunologic responsea bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen tropisman involuntary orienting response; positive or negative reaction to a stimulus source taxisa locomotor response toward or away from an external stimulus by a motile (and usually simple) organism kinesisa movement that is a response to a stimulus but is not oriented with respect to the source of stimulation double takea delayed reaction indicating surprise inborn reflex, innate reflex, instinctive reflex, physiological reaction, reflex, reflex action, reflex response, unconditioned reflexan automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus learned reaction, learned responsea reaction that has been acquired by learning passage, passinga bodily reaction of changing from one place or stage to another answera nonverbal reaction transfusion reactionreaction of the body to a transfusion of blood that is not compatible with its own blood; an adverse reaction can range from fever and hives to renal failure and shock and death accommodation reflexreflex changes in the eyes that enable an object to be focused on the retina Babinski, Babinski reflex, Babinski signextension upward of the toes when the sole of the foot is stroked firmly on the outer side from the heel to the front; normal in infants under the age of two years but a sign of brain or spinal cord injury in older persons belch, belching, burp, burping, eructationa reflex that expels gas noisily from the stomach through the mouth blink, blinking, eye blink, nictation, nictitation, wink, winkinga reflex that closes and opens the eyes rapidly blush, flushsudden reddening of the face (as from embarrassment or guilt or shame or modesty) disgorgement, emesis, puking, regurgitation, vomit, vomitingthe reflex act of ejecting the contents of the stomach through the mouth defecation reflex, rectal reflexnormal response to the presence of feces in the rectum oscitance, oscitancy, yawn, yawningan involuntary intake of breath through a wide open mouth; usually triggered by fatigue or boredom electric shock, electrical shock, shocka reflex response to the passage of electric current through the body gulp, gulpinga spasmodic reflex of the throat made as if in swallowing anamnestic reaction, anamnestic responserenewed rapid production of an antibody on the second (or subsequent) encounter with the same antigen humoral immune responsean immune response (chiefly against bacterial invasion) that is mediated by B cells cell-mediated immune responsean immune response (chiefly against viral or fungal invasions or transplanted tissue) that involves T cells complement fixationan immune response in which an antigen-antibody combination inactivates a complement (so it is unavailable to participate in a second antigen-antibody combination) ergotropisman affinity for work geotropisman orienting response to gravity heliotropisman orienting response to the sun meteortropisman effect of climate on biological processes (as the effect on joint pains etc.) neurotropisman affinity for neural tissues phototropisman orienting response to light trophotropisman orienting response to food thermotropisman orienting response to warmth chemotaxismovement by a cell or organism in reaction to a chemical stimulus acquired reflex, conditional reaction, conditional reflex, conditional response, conditioned reaction, conditioned reflex, conditioned responsean acquired response that is under the control of (conditional on the occurrence of) a stimulus knee jerk, knee-jerk reflex, patellar reflexa reflex extension of the leg resulting from a sharp tap on the patellar tendon light reflex, miosis, myosis, pupillary reflexreflex contraction of the sphincter muscle of the iris in response to a bright light (or certain drugs) causing the pupil to become smaller mydriasisreflex pupillary dilation as a muscle pulls the iris outward; occurs in response to a decrease in light or certain drugs micturition reflexrelaxation of the urethral sphincter in response to increased pressure in the bladder gag reflex, pharyngeal reflexnormal reflex consisting of retching; may be produced by touching the soft palate in the back of the mouth goose bump, goose pimple, goose skin, goosebump, gooseflesh, horripilation, pilomotor reflexreflex erection of hairs of the skin in response to cold or emotional stress or skin irritation plantar reflexflexion of the toes when the sole of the foot is stroked firmly on the outer side from the heel to the front in persons over the age of 2 years; under 2 years the results should be extension of the toes (Babinski reflex) rooting reflexreflex consisting of head-turning and sucking movements elicited in a normal infant by gently stroking the side of the mouth or cheek jump, start, startlea sudden involuntary movement myotactic reflex, stretch reflexreflex contraction of a muscle when an attached tendon is pulled; important in maintaining erect posture suckling reflexreflex behavior in newborn mammals; includes finding and grasping the nipple in the mouth and sucking on it and swallowing the milk shake, shiver, tremblea reflex motion caused by cold or fear or excitement sneeze, sneezing, sternutationa symptom consisting of the involuntary expulsion of air from the nose hiccough, hiccup, singultus(usually plural) the state of having reflex spasms of the diaphragm accompanied by a rapid closure of the glottis producing an audible sound; sometimes a symptom of indigestion activity, bodily function, bodily process, body process an organic process that takes place in the body n (mechanics) the equal and opposite force that is produced when any force is applied to a body 4every action has an equal and opposite reaction Hyper force (physics) the influence that produces a change in a physical quantity n (chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others Syn|Hypo|Hyper chemical reaction addition reaction a chemical reaction in which one molecule is added to another aldol reactiona reaction of aldehydes resulting in an aldol chain reactiona series of chemical reactions in which the product of one is a reactant in the next chemical equilibrium, equilibriuma chemical reaction and its reverse proceed at equal rates chemical decomposition reaction, decomposition, decomposition reaction(chemistry) separation of a substance into two or more substances that may differ from each other and from the original substance displacement, displacement reaction(chemistry) a reaction in which an elementary substance displaces and sets free a constituent element from a compound double decomposition, double decomposition reaction, metathesisa chemical reaction between two compounds in which parts of each are interchanged to form two new compounds (AB+CD=AD+CB) elimination reactiona chemical reaction in which a molecule decomposes to two different molecules endothermic reactiona chemical reaction accompanied by the absorption of heat exothermic reactiona chemical reaction accompanied by the evolution of heat hydrolysisa chemical reaction in which water reacts with a compound to produce other compounds; involves the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion from the water neutralisation, neutralisation reaction, neutralization, neutralization reactiona chemical reaction in which an acid and a base interact with the formation of a salt; with strong acids and bases the essential reaction is the combination of hydrogen ions with hydroxyl ions to form water oxidation, oxidisation, oxidizationthe process of oxidizing; the addition of oxygen to a compound with a loss of electrons; always occurs accompanied by reduction oxidation-reduction, oxidoreduction, redoxa reversible chemical reaction in which one reaction is an oxidation and the reverse is a reduction photochemical reactiona chemical reaction produced by the action of light reducing, reductionany process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen); always occurs accompanied by oxidation of the reducing agent saponificationa chemical reaction in which an ester is heated with an alkali (especially the alkaline hydrolysis of a fat or oil to make soap) acid-base balance, acid-base equilibrium(physiology) the normal equilibrium between acids and alkalis in the body calcinationthe conversion of metals into their oxides as a result of heating to a high temperature burning, combustiona process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give heat and light double replacement reactiona chemical reaction between two compounds where the positive ion of one compound is exchanged with the positive ion of another compound electrolysis(chemistry) a chemical decomposition reaction produced by passing an electric current through a solution containing ions light reactionthe first stage of photosynthesis during which energy from light is used for the production of ATP nitrificationthe oxidation of ammonium compounds in dead organic material into nitrates and nitrites by soil bacteria (making nitrogen available to plants) rust, rustingthe formation of reddish-brown ferric oxides on iron by low-temperature oxidation in the presence of water chemical action, chemical change, chemical process (chemistry) any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and structure of the substances involved |
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