英语词汇“catalyst”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

A catalyst is an event or person causing a change. Getting kicked out of your parents' house might be a catalyst for becoming more independent.

The noun catalyst is something or someone that causes a change and is derived from a Greek word. It can be somewhat ordinary, like a hot day being a catalyst for getting your hair cut really short. Or it can be major, like how the assassination of the archduke Franz Ferdinand of the Austro-Hungarian Empire is said to be a catalyst of World War I.

WORD FAMILY

catalyst: catalysts

USAGE EXAMPLES

“But our approach to transportation innovation is that we want to be a catalyst for new and interesting technologies.”

Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)

Haber discovered that was necessary as a catalyst to break the bonds between air's nitrogen atoms and persuade them to bond with hydrogen instead.

BBC(Jan 01, 2017)

Former Hull Labour MP, Lord Prescott, said he hoped the event would be a catalyst for change in Hull.

BBC(Jan 01, 2017)

1n (chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected

Syn|Ant|Hypo|Hyper

accelerator

anticatalyst

(chemistry) a substance that retards a chemical reaction or diminishes the activity of a catalyst

biocatalyst

a biochemical catalyst such as an enzyme

enzyme

any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions

platinum black

a fine black powder of platinum; used as a catalyst in chemical reactions

ADA, adenosine deaminase

an enzyme found in mammals that can catalyze the deamination of adenosine into inosine and ammonia

amylase

any of a group of proteins found in saliva and pancreatic juice and parts of plants; help convert starch to sugar

cholinesterase

an enzyme that hydrolyses acetylcholine (into choline and acetic acid)

coagulase

an enzyme that induces coagulation

collagenase

any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of collagen and gelatin

complement

one of a series of enzymes in the blood serum that are part of the immune response

catalase

enzyme found in most plant and animal cells that functions as an oxidative catalyst; decomposes hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water

Cox, cyclooxygenase

either of two related enzymes that control the production of prostaglandins and are blocked by aspirin

decarboxylase

any of the enzymes that hydrolize the carboxyl group

de-iodinase

an enzyme that removes the iodine radical

disaccharidase

an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of disaccharides into monosaccharides

elastase

a pancreatic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of elastin

enterokinase

enzyme in the intestinal juice that converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin

histaminase

enzyme that acts as a catalyst in converting histidine to histamine

Hyazyme, hyaluronidase, spreading factor

an enzyme (trade name Hyazyme) that splits hyaluronic acid and so lowers its viscosity and increases the permeability of connective tissue and the absorption of fluids

isomerase

an enzyme that catalyzes its substrate to an isomeric form

kinase

an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a proenzyme to an active enzyme

lipase

an enzyme secreted in the digestive tract that catalyzes the breakdown of fats into individual fatty acids that can be absorbed into the bloodstream

lysozyme, muramidase

an enzyme found in saliva and sweat and tears that destroys the cell walls of certain bacteria

MAO, monoamine oxidase

an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of many body compounds (e.g., epinephrine and norepinephrine and serotonin)

nitrogenase

an enzyme of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms that catalyzes the conversion of nitrogen to ammonia

nuclease

general term for enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleic acid by cleaving chains of nucleotides into smaller units

oxidase

any of the enzymes that catalyze biological oxidation

oxidoreductase

an enzyme that catalyzes oxidation-reduction

papain

a proteolytic enzyme obtained from the unripe papaya; used as a meat tenderizer

beta-lactamase, penicillinase

enzyme produced by certain bacteria that inactivates penicillin and results in resistance to that antibiotic

pepsin

an enzyme produced in the stomach that splits proteins into peptones

pepsinogen

precursor of pepsin; stored in the stomach walls and converted to pepsin by hydrochloric acid in the stomach

phosphatase

any of a group of enzymes that act as a catalyst in the hydrolysis of organic phosphates

fibrinolysin, plasmin

an enzyme that dissolves the fibrin of blood clots

polymerase

an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of new DNA and RNA from an existing strand of DNA or RNA

peptidase, protease, proteinase, proteolytic enzyme

any enzyme that catalyzes the splitting of proteins into smaller peptide fractions and amino acids by a process known as proteolysis

reductase

an enzyme that catalyses the biochemical reduction of some specified substance

chymosin, rennin

an enzyme that occurs in gastric juice; causes milk to coagulate

secretase

a set of enzymes believed to snip pieces off a longer protein producing fragments of amyloid protein that bunch up and create amyloid protein plaques in brain tissue (the pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's)

streptodornase

an enzyme produced by some hemolytic strains of streptococcus that dissolves fibrinous secretions from infections; used medicinally (often in combination with streptokinase)

streptokinase

an enzyme produced by some strains of streptococcus that can liquefy blood clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin; used medicinally in some cases of myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism

SOD, superoxide dismutase

an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen

telomerase

an enzyme in eukaryotic cells that can add telomeres to the ends of chromosomes after they divide

transferase

any of various enzymes that move a chemical group from one compound to another compound

trypsin

an enzyme of pancreatic origin; catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins to smaller polypeptide units

urease

an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia; is present in intestinal bacteria

zymase

a complex of enzymes that cause glycolysis; originally found in yeast but also present in higher organisms

activator

(biology) any agency bringing about activation; a molecule that increases the activity of an enzyme or a protein that increases the production of a gene product in DNA transcription

2n something that causes an important event to happen

the invasion acted as a catalyst to unite the country

Hyper

causal agency, causal agent, cause

any entity that produces an effect or is responsible for events or results

单词	catalyst
释义	catalyst (once / 6417 pages) n A catalyst is an event or person causing a change. Getting kicked out of your parents' house might be a catalyst for becoming more independent. The noun catalyst is something or someone that causes a change and is derived from a Greek word. It can be somewhat ordinary, like a hot day being a catalyst for getting your hair cut really short. Or it can be major, like how the assassination of the archduke Franz Ferdinand of the Austro-Hungarian Empire is said to be a catalyst of World War I. WORD FAMILY catalyst: catalysts USAGE EXAMPLES “But our approach to transportation innovation is that we want to be a catalyst for new and interesting technologies.” Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016) Haber discovered that was necessary as a catalyst to break the bonds between air's nitrogen atoms and persuade them to bond with hydrogen instead. BBC(Jan 01, 2017) Former Hull Labour MP, Lord Prescott, said he hoped the event would be a catalyst for change in Hull. BBC(Jan 01, 2017) 1n (chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected Syn\|Ant\|Hypo\|Hyper accelerator anticatalyst (chemistry) a substance that retards a chemical reaction or diminishes the activity of a catalyst biocatalyst a biochemical catalyst such as an enzyme enzyme any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions platinum black a fine black powder of platinum; used as a catalyst in chemical reactions ADA, adenosine deaminase an enzyme found in mammals that can catalyze the deamination of adenosine into inosine and ammonia amylase any of a group of proteins found in saliva and pancreatic juice and parts of plants; help convert starch to sugar cholinesterase an enzyme that hydrolyses acetylcholine (into choline and acetic acid) coagulase an enzyme that induces coagulation collagenase any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of collagen and gelatin complement one of a series of enzymes in the blood serum that are part of the immune response catalase enzyme found in most plant and animal cells that functions as an oxidative catalyst; decomposes hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water Cox, cyclooxygenase either of two related enzymes that control the production of prostaglandins and are blocked by aspirin decarboxylase any of the enzymes that hydrolize the carboxyl group de-iodinase an enzyme that removes the iodine radical disaccharidase an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of disaccharides into monosaccharides elastase a pancreatic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of elastin enterokinase enzyme in the intestinal juice that converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin histaminase enzyme that acts as a catalyst in converting histidine to histamine Hyazyme, hyaluronidase, spreading factor an enzyme (trade name Hyazyme) that splits hyaluronic acid and so lowers its viscosity and increases the permeability of connective tissue and the absorption of fluids isomerase an enzyme that catalyzes its substrate to an isomeric form kinase an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a proenzyme to an active enzyme lipase an enzyme secreted in the digestive tract that catalyzes the breakdown of fats into individual fatty acids that can be absorbed into the bloodstream lysozyme, muramidase an enzyme found in saliva and sweat and tears that destroys the cell walls of certain bacteria MAO, monoamine oxidase an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of many body compounds (e.g., epinephrine and norepinephrine and serotonin) nitrogenase an enzyme of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms that catalyzes the conversion of nitrogen to ammonia nuclease general term for enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleic acid by cleaving chains of nucleotides into smaller units oxidase any of the enzymes that catalyze biological oxidation oxidoreductase an enzyme that catalyzes oxidation-reduction papain a proteolytic enzyme obtained from the unripe papaya; used as a meat tenderizer beta-lactamase, penicillinase enzyme produced by certain bacteria that inactivates penicillin and results in resistance to that antibiotic pepsin an enzyme produced in the stomach that splits proteins into peptones pepsinogen precursor of pepsin; stored in the stomach walls and converted to pepsin by hydrochloric acid in the stomach phosphatase any of a group of enzymes that act as a catalyst in the hydrolysis of organic phosphates fibrinolysin, plasmin an enzyme that dissolves the fibrin of blood clots polymerase an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of new DNA and RNA from an existing strand of DNA or RNA peptidase, protease, proteinase, proteolytic enzyme any enzyme that catalyzes the splitting of proteins into smaller peptide fractions and amino acids by a process known as proteolysis reductase an enzyme that catalyses the biochemical reduction of some specified substance chymosin, rennin an enzyme that occurs in gastric juice; causes milk to coagulate secretase a set of enzymes believed to snip pieces off a longer protein producing fragments of amyloid protein that bunch up and create amyloid protein plaques in brain tissue (the pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's) streptodornase an enzyme produced by some hemolytic strains of streptococcus that dissolves fibrinous secretions from infections; used medicinally (often in combination with streptokinase) streptokinase an enzyme produced by some strains of streptococcus that can liquefy blood clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin; used medicinally in some cases of myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism SOD, superoxide dismutase an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen telomerase an enzyme in eukaryotic cells that can add telomeres to the ends of chromosomes after they divide transferase any of various enzymes that move a chemical group from one compound to another compound trypsin an enzyme of pancreatic origin; catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins to smaller polypeptide units urease an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia; is present in intestinal bacteria zymase a complex of enzymes that cause glycolysis; originally found in yeast but also present in higher organisms activator (biology) any agency bringing about activation; a molecule that increases the activity of an enzyme or a protein that increases the production of a gene product in DNA transcription 2n something that causes an important event to happen the invasion acted as a catalyst to unite the country Hyper causal agency, causal agent, cause any entity that produces an effect or is responsible for events or results
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