| 单词 | state |
| 释义 | state (once / 16 pages) 1n 2n 3v State can be a condition — like solid, liquid, or gas, or even sad or happy. It can also be a state as in Idaho or New York. To state is to say something. State comes from the Latin status, meaning "condition of a country." Interestingly, even before the Revolutionary War, Britain called the American colonies states. The “States” still refers to America, but state can refer to any country’s civil government. The idea of state as a physical or emotional condition came later. Depending on your state of mind, you can state that the state of your state is awesome. Unless it’s in a state of emergency, which is no good. WORD FAMILYstate: interstate, intrastate, misstate, overstate, restate, stated, stateless, statement, stater, states, stating, understate+/interstate: interstates/misstate: misstated, misstatement, misstates, misstating/misstatement: misstatements/overstate: overstated, overstatement, overstates, overstating/overstatement: overstatements/restate: restated, restatement, restates, restating/restatement: restatements/stated: statedly, unstated/statement: statements/stater: staters/understate: understated, understatement, understates, understating/understated: understatedly/understatement: understatements USAGE EXAMPLESItalian state RAI radio said migrants were protesting the alleged delay in medical assistance for a 25-year-old woman from Ivory Coast. Seattle Times(Jan 03, 2017) And federally subsidized state marketplaces provided a transparency for individuals and small businesses to compare insurance, and purchase it at subsidized rates. The Guardian(Jan 03, 2017) The state fire marshal’s office is continuing to investigate. Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017) 1 1n the way something is with respect to its main attributes the current state of knowledge his state of health in a weak financial state Exp|Hypo|Hyper Aaron (Old Testament) elder brother of Moses and first high priest of the Israelites; created the golden calf Domingo de Guzman(Roman Catholic Church) Spanish priest who founded an order whose members became known as Dominicans or Black Friars (circa 1170-1221) Cold Wara state of political hostility that existed from 1945 until 1990 between countries led by the Soviet Union and countries led by the United States Great Depressionthe economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s Saint Ambrose(Roman Catholic Church) Roman priest who became bishop of Milan; the first Church Father born and raised in the Christian faith; composer of hymns; imposed orthodoxy on the early Christian church and built up its secular power; a saint and Doctor of the Church (340?-397) Bishop BerkeleyIrish philosopher and Anglican bishop who opposed the materialism of Thomas Hobbes (1685-1753) Eusebius of CaesareaChristian bishop of Caesarea in Palestine; a church historian and a leading early Christian exegete (circa 270-340) Saint Ignatiusbishop of Antioch who was martyred under the Roman Emperor Trajan (died 110) William Ralph IngeEnglish prelate noted for his pessimistic sermons and articles (1860-1954) Francisco Jimenez de Cisnerosprelate who was the confessor of Isabella I and who was later appointed Grand Inquisitor (1436-1517) St. MartinFrench bishop who is a patron saint of France (died in 397) John Henry NewmanEnglish prelate and theologian who (with John Keble and Edward Pusey) founded the Oxford movement; Newman later turned to Roman Catholicism and became a cardinal (1801-1890) Saint Nicholasa bishop in Asia Minor who is associated with Santa Claus (4th century) Armand Jean du PlessisFrench prelate and statesman; principal minister to Louis XIII (1585-1642) Desmond TutuSouth African prelate and leader of the antiapartheid struggle (born in 1931) Bishop Ulfilasa Christian believed to be of Cappadocian descent who became bishop of the Visigoths in 341 and translated the Bible from Greek into Gothic; traditionally held to have invented the Gothic alphabet (311-382) James UssherIrish prelate who deduced from the Bible that Creation occurred in the year 4004 BC (1581-1656) William of WykehamEnglish prelate and statesman; founded a college at Oxford and Winchester College in Winchester; served as chancellor of England and bishop of Winchester (1324-1404) Stefan WyszynskiPolish prelate who persuaded the Soviet to allow greater religious freedom in Poland (1901-1981) Saint Anselman Italian who was a Benedictine monk; was archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109; one of the founders of scholasticism; best known for his proof of the existence of God Saint Thomas a Becket(Roman Catholic Church) archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 to 1170; murdered following his opposition to Henry II's attempts to control the clergy (1118-1170) Roberto Francesco Romolo BellarmineItalian cardinal and theologian (1542-1621) Cesare BorgiaItalian cardinal and military leader; model for Machiavelli's prince (1475-1507) feeling the experiencing of affective and emotional states skillfulnessthe state of being cognitively skillful cleavagethe state of being split or cleft mediuma state that is intermediate between extremes; a middle position ornamentationthe state of being ornamented conditiona mode of being or form of existence of a person or thing condition, statusa state at a particular time conditionalitythe state of being conditional ground state(physics) the lowest energy state of an atom or other particle nationhoodthe state of being a nation situation, state of affairsthe general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time relationshipa state of connectedness between people (especially an emotional connection) relationshipa state involving mutual dealings between people or parties or countries tribalismthe state of living together in tribes utopiaideally perfect state; especially in its social and political and moral aspects dystopiastate in which the conditions of life are extremely bad as from deprivation or oppression or terror natural state, state of nature, wilda wild primitive state untouched by civilization isomerismthe state of being an isomer; the complex of chemical and physical phenomena characteristic of isomers degree, level, point, stagea specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process office, power(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power position, statusthe relative position or standing of things or especially persons in a society being, beingness, existencethe state or fact of existing nonbeingthe state of not being deaththe absence of life or state of being dead employ, employmentthe state of being employed or having a job unemploymentthe state of being unemployed or not having a job orderestablished customary state (especially of society) disordera disturbance of the peace or of public order antagonism, enmity, hostilitya state of deep-seated ill-will conflicta state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests illuminationthe degree of visibility of your environment freedomthe condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints agency, delegacy, representationthe state of serving as an official and authorized delegate or agent dependance, dependence, dependencythe state of relying on or being controlled by someone or something else motiona state of change lifelessness, motionlessness, stillnessa state of no motion or movement dead letter, non-issuethe state of something that has outlived its relevance action, activeness, activitythe state of being active inaction, inactiveness, inactivitythe state of being inactive temporary statea state that continues for a limited time forthcomingness, imminence, imminency, imminentness, impendence, impendencythe state of being imminent and liable to happen soon preparation, preparedness, readinessthe state of having been made ready or prepared for use or action (especially military action) flux, state of fluxa state of uncertainty about what should be done (usually following some important event) preceding the establishment of a new direction of action kalemiathe presence of excess potassium in the circulating blood enlargementthe state of being enlarged separationthe state of lacking unity unification, unionthe state of being joined or united or linked matureness, maturitystate of being mature; full development immatureness, immaturitynot having reached maturity grace, saving grace, state of grace(Christian theology) a state of sanctification by God; the state of one who is under such divine influence damnation, eternal damnationthe state of being condemned to eternal punishment in Hell omnisciencethe state of being omniscient; having infinite knowledge omnipotencethe state of being omnipotent; having unlimited power flawlessness, ne plus ultra, perfectionthe state of being without a flaw or defect integrity, unity, wholenessan undivided or unbroken completeness or totality with nothing wanting imperfection, imperfectnessthe state or an instance of being imperfect receivershipthe state of property that is in the hands of a receiver ownershipthe state or fact of being an owner obligationthe state of being obligated to do or pay something death, destruction, enda final state annulment, revocationthe state of being cancelled or annulled merchantabilitythe state of being fit for market; ready to be bought or sold turgor(biology) the normal rigid state of fullness of a cell or blood vessel or capillary resulting from pressure of the contents against the wall or membrane homozygositythe state of being homozygous; having two identical alleles of the same gene heterozygositythe state of being heterozygous; having two different alleles of the same gene neotonythe state resulting when juvenile characteristics are retained by the adults of a species pluralitythe state of being plural polyvalence, polyvalency(toxicology) the state of being capable of counteracting more than one toxin or antigen or kind of microorganism multivalence, multivalency, polyvalence, polyvalency(chemistry) the state of having a valence greater than two paternitythe state of being a father utilisation, utilizationthe state of having been made use of diversitythe condition or result of being changeable facestatus in the eyes of others expertise, expertnessskillfulness by virtue of possessing special knowledge handinessskillfulness with the hands coordinationthe skillful and effective interaction of movements versatilityhaving a wide variety of skills command, control, masterygreat skillfulness and knowledge of some subject or activity adeptness, adroitness, deftness, facility, quicknessskillful performance or ability without difficulty fluencyskillfulness in speaking or writing proficiency, techniqueskillfulness in the command of fundamentals deriving from practice and familiarity efficiencyskillfulness in avoiding wasted time and effort affectthe conscious subjective aspect of feeling or emotion emotionany strong feeling thinga persistent illogical feeling of desire or aversion glowa feeling of considerable warmth faintnessa feeling of faintness and of being ready to swoon soul, soulfulnessdeep feeling or emotion passion, passionatenessa strong feeling or emotion sentimenttender, romantic, or nostalgic feeling or emotion complex(psychoanalysis) a combination of emotions and impulses that have been rejected from awareness but still influence a person's behavior ambivalence, ambivalencymixed feelings or emotions apathyan absence of emotion or enthusiasm desirethe feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state sex, sexual urgeall of the feelings resulting from the urge to gratify sexual impulses pleasance, pleasurea fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience pain, painfulnessemotional distress; a fundamental feeling that people try to avoid pang, stab, twingea sudden sharp feeling likinga feeling of pleasure and enjoyment dislikea feeling of aversion or antipathy gratitudea feeling of thankfulness and appreciation ingratitude, ungratefulnessa lack of gratitude unconcerna feeling of lack of concern shamea painful emotion resulting from an awareness of inadequacy or guilt pride, pridefulnessa feeling of self-respect and personal worth humbleness, humilitya humble feeling amazement, astonishmentthe feeling that accompanies something extremely surprising devastationthe feeling of being confounded or overwhelmed expectationthe feeling that something is about to happen levityfeeling an inappropriate lack of seriousness gravity, solemnitya solemn and dignified feeling sensitiveness, sensitivitysensitivity to emotional feelings (of self and others) agitationthe feeling of being agitated; not calm calmnessa feeling of calm; an absence of agitation or excitement bravery, fearlessnessfeeling no fear happinessemotions experienced when in a state of well-being sadness, unhappinessemotions experienced when not in a state of well-being hopethe general feeling that some desire will be fulfilled despairthe feeling that everything is wrong and nothing will turn out well affection, affectionateness, fondness, heart, philia, tenderness, warmheartedness, warmnessa positive feeling of liking humor, humour, mood, tempera characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling fellow feeling, sympathysharing the feelings of others (especially feelings of sorrow or anguish) enthusiasma feeling of excitement pseudobulba solid bulblike enlargement of the stem of some orchids anchoragethe condition of being secured to a base healththe general condition of body and mind modality, modea particular functioning condition or arrangement ecological niche, niche(ecology) the status of an organism within its environment and community (affecting its survival as a species) noise conditionsthe condition of being noisy (as in a communication channel) involvement, participationthe condition of sharing in common with others (as fellows or partners etc.) prepossessionthe condition of being prepossessed regularisation, regularizationthe condition of having been made regular (or more regular) saturationa condition in which a quantity no longer responds to some external influence silencethe state of being silent (as when no one is speaking) position, situationa condition or position in which you find yourself ski conditionsthe amount and state of snow for skiing electionthe status or fact of being elected nominationthe condition of having been proposed as a suitable candidate for appointment or election absurd, the absurda situation in which life seems irrational and meaningless account, business relationshipa formal contractual relationship established to provide for regular banking or brokerage or business services acquaintance, acquaintanceshipa relationship less intimate than friendship affiliation, association, tie, tie-upa social or business relationship anaclisis(psychoanalysis) relationship marked by strong dependence on others; especially a libidinal attachment to e.g. a parental figure assimilationthe state of being assimilated; people of different backgrounds come to see themselves as part of a larger national family friendly relationship, friendshipthe state of being friends (or friendly) love affair, romancea relationship between two lovers membershipthe state of being a member acceptancethe state of being acceptable and accepted ballgame, new ballgamea particular situation that is radically different from the preceding situation challengea demanding or stimulating situation childlessnessthe condition of being without offspring complicationa situation or condition that is complex or confused crowdinga situation in which people or things are crowded together disequilibriumloss of equilibrium attributable to an unstable situation in which some forces outweigh others elementthe situation in which you are happiest and most effective environmentthe totality of surrounding conditions equilibriuma stable situation in which forces cancel one another exclusionthe state of being excluded fish bowl, fishbowl, goldfish bowla state of affairs in which you have no privacy hotbeda situation that is ideal for rapid development (especially of something bad) inclusionthe state of being included intestacythe situation of being or dying without a legally valid will picture, scenea situation treated as an observable object prison, prison housea prisonlike situation; a place of seeming confinement rejectionthe state of being rejected size, size of itthe actual state of affairs square onethe situation in which you begin an endeavor and to which you return if your efforts fail status quothe existing state of affairs standardisation, standardizationthe condition in which a standard has been successfully established stigmatism(optics) condition of an optical system (as a lens) in which light rays from a single point converge in a single focal point astigmatism, astigmia(optics) defect in an optical system in which light rays from a single point fail to converge in a single focal point social stratification, stratificationthe condition of being arranged in social strata or classes within a group waythe condition of things generally ladderascending stages by which somebody or something can progress acme, elevation, height, meridian, peak, pinnacle, summit, superlative, tiptop, topthe highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development extentthe point or degree to which something extends end point, resultantthe final point in a process standard of life, standard of livinga level of material comfort in terms of goods and services available to someone or some group planea level of existence or development state of the artthe highest degree of development of an art or technique at a particular time ultimacy, ultimatenessthe state or degree of being ultimate; the final or most extreme in degree or size or time or distance, "the ultimacy of these social values" ordinarythe expected or commonplace condition or situation circumstancea condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity homelessnessthe state or condition of having no home (especially the state of living in the streets) thinga special situation reinstatementthe condition of being reinstated executive clemencythe power (usually of a president or governor) to pardon or commute the sentence of someone convicted in that jurisdiction war poweran extraordinary power exercised (usually by the executive branch) in the prosecution of a war and involving an extension of the powers that the government normally has in peacetime equality, equation, equivalence, para state of being essentially equal or equivalent; equally balanced rank, social rank, social station, social statusposition in a social hierarchy placeproper or appropriate position or location standingsocial or financial or professional status or reputation high statusa position of superior status high grounda position of superiority over opponents or competitors high profilea position attracting much attention and publicity Holy Order, Order(usually plural) the status or rank or office of a Christian clergyman in an ecclesiastical hierarchy low status, lowliness, lownessa position of inferior status; low in station or rank or fortune or estimation legal statusa status defined by law bar sinister, bastardy, illegitimacythe status of being born to parents who were not married left-handednessthe status of being born of a morganatic marriage commanda position of highest authority nationalitythe status of belonging to a particular nation by birth or naturalization footing, termsstatus with respect to the relations between people or groups retirementthe state of being retired from one's business or occupation actualitythe state of actually existing objectively eternity, timeless existence, timelessnessa state of eternal existence believed in some religions to characterize the afterlife preexistenceexisting in a former state or previous to something else coexistenceexisting peacefully together subsistencethe state of existing in reality; having substance presencethe state of being present; current existence nonentity, nonexistencethe state of not existing lifethe course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living aliveness, animation, life, livingthe condition of living or the state of being alive eternal rest, eternal sleep, quietus, rest, sleepeuphemisms for death (based on an analogy between lying in a bed and in a tomb) defunctness, extinctionno longer in existence lifea characteristic state or mode of living transcendence, transcendencya state of being or existence above and beyond the limits of material experience celibacyan unmarried status virginitythe condition or quality of being a virgin civil order, politythe form of government of a social organization rule of lawa state of order in which events conform to the law quiet, tranquility, tranquillityan untroubled state; free from disturbances concord, concordance, harmonya harmonious state of things in general and of their properties (as of colors and sounds); congruity of parts with one another and with the whole stabilitya stable order (especially of society) peacethe state prevailing during the absence of war anarchy, lawlessnessa state of lawlessness and disorder (usually resulting from a failure of government) instabilityan unstable order confusiondisorder resulting from a failure to behave predictably riot, riotinga state of disorder involving group violence disorderliness, roughness, rowdiness, rowdyismrowdy behavior commotion, disruption, disturbance, flutter, hoo-ha, hoo-hah, hurly burly, kerfuffle, to-doa disorderly outburst or tumult discord, strifelack of agreement or harmony Sturm und Drang, turbulence, upheavala state of violent disturbance and disorder (as in politics or social conditions generally) latent hostility, tensionfeelings of hostility that are not manifest clash, frictiona state of conflict between persons clasha state of conflict between colors state of war, wara legal state created by a declaration of war and ended by official declaration during which the international rules of war apply cold wara state of political hostility between countries using means short of armed warfare disagreement, dissension, dissonancea conflict of people's opinions or actions or characters suspicionthe state of being suspected light, lightinghaving abundant light or illumination dark, darknessabsence of light or illumination innocencea state or condition of being innocent of a specific crime or offense innocence, pureness, purity, sinlessness, whitenessthe state of being unsullied by sin or moral wrong; lacking a knowledge of evil guilt, guiltinessthe state of having committed an offense academic freedomthe freedom of teachers and students to express their ideas in school without religious or political or institutional restrictions enfranchisementfreedom from political subjugation or servitude blank check, free handfreedom to do as you see fit free rein, playthe removal of constraints freedom of the seasthe right of merchant ships to travel freely in international waters independence, independencyfreedom from control or influence of another or others libertyfreedom of choice civil liberty, political libertyone's freedom to exercise one's rights as guaranteed under the laws of the country libertypersonal freedom from servitude or confinement or oppression svoboda(Russia) freedom subjection, subjugationforced submission to control by others encapsulationthe condition of being enclosed (as in a capsule) free agency(sports) the state of a professional athlete who is free to negotiate a contract to play for any team legal representationpersonal representation that has legal status helplessnessthe state of needing help from something reliancethe state of relying on something subordinationthe state of being subordinate to something contingencythe state of being contingent on something polarisation, polarizationthe condition of having or giving polarity palpitation, quiver, quivering, shakiness, shaking, trembling, vibrationa shaky motion perpetual motionmotion that continues indefinitely without any external source of energy; impossible in practice because of friction precessionthe motion of a spinning body (as a top) in which it wobbles so that the axis of rotation sweeps out a cone flow, streamsomething that resembles a flowing stream in moving continuously fixedness, immobility, stationarinessremaining in place agencythe state of being in action or exerting power virusa harmful or corrupting agency busyness, humthe state of being or appearing to be actively engaged in an activity behavior, behaviourthe action or reaction of something (as a machine or substance) under specified circumstances eructation, eruption, extravasation(of volcanos) pouring out fumes or lava (or a deposit so formed) operationthe state of being in effect or being operative overdrivethe state of high or excessive activity or productivity or concentration playa state in which action is feasible swinga state of steady vigorous action that is characteristic of an activity abeyance, suspensiontemporary cessation or suspension anergyinactivity and lack of energy arrest, check, halt, hitch, stay, stop, stoppagethe state of inactivity following an interruption calcificationan inflexible and unchanging state deep freezetemporary inactivity or suspension desuetudea state of inactivity or disuse dormancy, quiescence, quiescencya state of quiet (but possibly temporary) inaction extinctionno longer active; extinguished holding patterna state of inaction with no progress and no change resta state of inaction doldrums, stagnancy, stagnationa state of inactivity (in business or art etc) stagnancy, stagnationinactivity of liquids; being stagnant; standing still; without current or circulation stasisinactivity resulting from a static balance between opposing forces frame of mind, state of minda temporary psychological state fatigue, tiredness, wearinesstemporary loss of strength and energy resulting from hard physical or mental work depletionthe state of being depleted drunkenness, inebriation, inebriety, insobriety, intoxication, tipsinessa temporary state resulting from excessive consumption of alcohol soberness, sobrietythe state of being sober and not intoxicated by alcohol sleeplessness, wakefulnessa temporary state in which you are unable (or unwilling) to sleep drowsiness, sleepiness, somnolencea very sleepy state readypoised for action alert, qui vivecondition of heightened watchfulness or preparation for action emergencya state in which martial law applies clutcha tense critical situation physical condition, physiological condition, physiological statethe condition or state of the body or bodily functions quickeningthe stage of pregnancy at which the mother first feels the movements of the fetus introversion, invaginationthe condition of being folded inward or sheathed rootsthe condition of belonging to a particular place or group by virtue of social or ethnic or cultural lineage hyalinisation, hyalinizationthe state of being hyaline or having become hyaline vacuolation, vacuolisation, vacuolizationthe state of having become filled with vacuoles protuberancethe condition of being protuberant; the condition of bulging out lysogenicity, lysogenythe condition of a host bacterium that has incorporated a phage into its own genetic material curvature(medicine) a curving or bending; often abnormal neonatal deathdeath of a liveborn infant within the first 28 days of life SIDS, cot death, crib death, infant death, sudden infant death syndromesudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant during sleep lump, puffiness, swellingan abnormal protuberance or localized enlargement mental condition, mental state, psychological condition, psychological state(psychology) a mental condition in which the qualities of a state are relatively constant even though the state itself may be dynamic difficultya condition or state of affairs almost beyond one's ability to deal with and requiring great effort to bear or overcome discreteness, distinctness, separateness, severaltythe state of being several and distinct isolationa state of separation between persons or groups discontinuitylack of connection or continuity disconnectedness, disconnection, disjunction, disjuncturestate of being disconnected coalition, fusionthe state of being combined into one body connectedness, connection, linkthe state of being connected colligation, conjugation, conjunction, junctionthe state of being joined together associationthe state of being connected together as in memory or imagination disassociationthe state of being unconnected in memory or imagination marriagea close and intimate union syncretismthe union (or attempted fusion) of different systems of thought or belief (especially in religion or philosophy) improvement, meliorationa condition superior to an earlier condition declination, declinea condition inferior to an earlier condition; a gradual falling off from a better state adulthoodthe state (and responsibilities) of a person who has attained maturity ripenessthe state of being ripe youthearly maturity; the state of being young or immature or inexperienced post-maturity, post-menopausethe state in which women have stopped ovulating greennessthe state of not being ripe callowness, jejuneness, juvenilitylacking and evidencing lack of experience of life prematureness, prematuritythe state of being premature adolescencein the state that someone is in between puberty and adulthood childhood, puerilitythe state of a child between infancy and adolescence babyhood, infancythe earliest state of immaturity rankrelative status castesocial status or position conferred by a system based on class dignityhigh office or rank or station nobility, noblessethe state of being of noble birth ordinationthe status of being ordained to a sacred office pedestala position of great esteem (and supposed superiority) leadershipthe status of a leader ennoblementthe state of being noble ascendance, ascendancy, ascendence, ascendency, control, dominancethe state that exists when one person or group has power over another comfort, comfortablenessa state of being relaxed and feeling no pain discomfort, uncomfortablenessthe state of being tense and feeling pain demand, needa condition requiring relief fullnessthe condition of being filled to capacity emptinessthe state of containing nothing nakedness, nudeness, nuditythe state of being without clothing or covering of any kind depilation, hairlessnessthe condition of being void of hair deshabille, dishabillethe state of being carelessly or partially dressed fire and brimstone(Old Testament) God's means of destroying sinners God's Wisdomthe omniscience of a divine being God's Willthe omnipotence of a divine being dreamsomeone or something wonderful cultivation, culture, finish, polish, refinementa highly developed state of perfection; having a flawless or impeccable quality fare-thee-wellstate of perfection; the utmost degree intactnessthe state of being unimpaired completenessthe state of being complete and entire; having everything that is needed incompleteness, rawnessthe state of being crude and incomplete and imperfect failing, weaknessa flaw or weak point flawan imperfection in a plan or theory or legal document that causes it to fail or that reduces its effectiveness defectan imperfection in a bodily system defect, fault, flawan imperfection in an object or machine wartan imperfection in someone or something that is suggestive of a wart (especially in smallness or unattractiveness) defectiveness, faultinessthe state of being defective crudeness, crudity, primitiveness, primitivism, rudenessa wild or unrefined state circumstances, destiny, fate, fortune, lot, luck, portionyour overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you) possibility, possiblenesscapability of existing or happening or being true hopefulnessfull of hope despair, desperationa state in which all hope is lost or absent pureness, puritybeing undiluted or unmixed with extraneous material impureness, impuritythe condition of being impure financial conditionthe condition of (corporate or personal) finances economic conditionthe condition of the economy financial obligation, indebtedness, liabilityan obligation to pay money to another party sanitary conditionthe state of sanitation (clean or dirty) tilththe state of aggregation of soil and its condition for supporting plant growth order, orderlinessa condition of regular or proper arrangement disorder, disorderlinessa condition in which things are not in their expected places normalcy, normalitybeing within certain limits that define the range of normal functioning lactosuriapresence of lactose in the urine; can occur during pregnancy or lactation environmental conditionthe state of the environment climate, moodthe prevailing psychological state ambiance, ambience, atmospherea particular environment or surrounding influence immunity, unsusceptibilitythe state of not being susceptible immunity, resistance(medicine) the condition in which an organism can resist disease subserviencethe condition of being something that is useful in reaching an end or carrying out a plan susceptibility, susceptiblenessthe state of being susceptible; easily affected wetnessthe condition of containing or being covered by a liquid (especially water) dryness, waterlessness, xerotesthe condition of not containing or being covered by a liquid (especially water) safetythe state of being certain that adverse effects will not be caused by some agent under defined conditions dangerthe condition of being susceptible to harm or injury tautness, tenseness, tension, tensitythe physical condition of being stretched or strained amyotonia, atonia, atonicity, atonylack of normal muscular tension or tonus laxity, laxnessthe condition of being physiologically lax repaira formal way of referring to the condition of something soundnessa state or condition free from damage or decay muteness, mutismthe condition of being unable or unwilling to speak eye conditionthe condition of the optical properties of the eye unsoundnessa condition of damage or decay improprietythe condition of being improper dark, darkness, iniquity, wickednessabsence of moral or spiritual values illumination, lighta condition of spiritual awareness; divine illumination maladyany unwholesome or desperate condition salethe state of being purchasable; offered or exhibited for selling climaxthe most severe stage of a disease serrationthe condition of being serrated amphidiploidythe condition of being amphidiploid diploidythe condition of being diploid haploidythe condition of being haploid heteroploidythe condition of being heteroploid polyploidythe condition of being polyploid mosaicismthe condition in which an organism has two or more cell populations that differ in genetic makeup orphanage, orphanhoodthe condition of being a child without living parents stigmatismthe condition of having or being marked by stigmata transsexualismcondition in which a person assumes the identity and permanently acts the part of the gender opposite to his or her biological sex absolutionthe condition of being formally forgiven by a priest in the sacrament of penance automationthe condition of being automatically operated or controlled brutalisation, brutalizationthe condition of being treated in a cruel and savage manner condemnationthe condition of being strongly disapproved of deificationthe condition of being treated like a god diversificationthe condition of being varied exonerationthe condition of being relieved from blame or obligation facilitationthe condition of being made easy (or easier) frizzthe condition of being formed into small tight curls fruitionthe condition of bearing fruit hospitalisation, hospitalizationthe condition of being treated as a patient in a hospital identificationthe condition of having the identity (of a person or object) established impactionthe condition of being pressed closely together and firmly fixed ionisation, ionizationthe condition of being dissociated into ions (as by heat or radiation or chemical reaction or electrical discharge) irradiationthe condition of being exposed to radiation leakinessthe condition of permitting leaks or leakage lubricationthe condition of having been made smooth or slippery by the application of a lubricant mechanisation, mechanizationthe condition of having a highly technical implementation motivationthe condition of being motivated mummificationa condition resembling that of a mummy preservationthe condition of being (well or ill) preserved prognathismthe condition of being prognathous; the condition of having a projecting jaw rusticationthe condition naturally attaching to life in the country rustinessthe condition of being coated or clogged with rust scandalisation, scandalizationthe condition of being shocked (as by improper behavior) slota position in a hierarchy or organization toeholda relatively insignificant position from which future progress might be made submissionthe condition of having submitted to control by someone or something else urbanisation, urbanizationthe condition of being urbanized attribute an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of an entity 2n (chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) the solid state of water is called ice Syn|Hypo|Hyper state of matter form, phase (physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary liquid, liquid state, liquidity, liquidnessthe state in which a substance exhibits a characteristic readiness to flow with little or no tendency to disperse and relatively high incompressibility solid, solid state, solidnessthe state in which a substance has no tendency to flow under moderate stress; resists forces (such as compression) that tend to deform it; and retains a definite size and shape gas, gaseous statethe state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by: relatively low density and viscosity; relatively great expansion and contraction with changes in pressure and temperature; the ability to diffuse readily; and the spontaneous tendency to become distributed uniformly throughout any container plasma(physical chemistry) a fourth state of matter distinct from solid or liquid or gas and present in stars and fusion reactors; a gas becomes a plasma when it is heated until the atoms lose all their electrons, leaving a highly electrified collection of nuclei and free electrons interplanetary gasa rarefied flow of gas and charged particles (plasma) that stream from the sun and form the solar wind dispersed particles, dispersed phase(of colloids) a substance in the colloidal state dispersing medium, dispersing phase, dispersion medium(of colloids) a substance in which another is colloidally dispersed chemical phenomenon any natural phenomenon involving chemistry (as changes to atoms or molecules) 3n a state of depression or agitation 2he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him Hyper emotional state, spirit the state of a person's emotions (especially with regard to pleasure or dejection) 1n a politically organized body of people under a single government the state has elected a new president Syn|Exp|Hypo|Hyper body politic, commonwealth, country, land, nation, res publica Tamil Eelam the independent state that the Tamil Tigers have fought for Carthagean ancient city state on the north African coast near modern Tunis; founded by Phoenicians; destroyed and rebuilt by Romans; razed by Arabs in 697 commonwealth country any of the countries in the British Commonwealth developing countrya country that is poor and whose citizens are mostly agricultural workers but that wants to become more advanced socially and economically Dominionone of the self-governing nations in the British Commonwealth foreign countryany state of which one is not a citizen Reichthe German state renegade state, rogue nation, rogue statea state that does not respect other states in its international actions suzeraina state exercising a degree of dominion over a dependent state especially in its foreign affairs sea powera nation that possesses formidable naval strength great power, major power, power, superpower, world powera state powerful enough to influence events throughout the world city state, city-statea state consisting of a sovereign city allya friendly nation Hohenzollern empire, Second Reichthe Reich when Hohenzollern monarchs ruled Germany (from 1871 to 1919) Nazi Germany, Third Reichthe Nazi dictatorship under Hitler (1933-1945) hegemona leading or paramount power political entity, political unit a unit with political responsibilities 2n the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state the state has lowered its income tax Hypo|Hyper Soviets the government of the Soviet Union welfare statea government that undertakes responsibility for the welfare of its citizens through programs in public health and public housing and pensions and unemployment compensation etc. authorities, government, regime the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit 3n the territory occupied by a nation Syn|Exp|Hypo|Hyper country, land Antigua and Barbuda a country in the northern Leeward Islands Republic of Cape Verdean island country in the Atlantic off the coast of Senegal Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lankaa republic on the island of Ceylon; became independent of the United Kingdom in 1948 Federal Islamic Republic of the Comorosa country on the Comoro Islands Republic of Cubaa communist state in the Caribbean on the island of Cuba Republic of Haitia republic in the West Indies on the western part of the island of Hispaniola; achieved independence from France in 1804; the poorest and most illiterate nation in the western hemisphere Dominican Republica republic in the West Indies; located on the eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola Jamaicaa country on the island of Jamaica; became independent of England in 1962; much poverty; the major industry is tourism Barbadosa parliamentary democracy on the island of Barbados; former British colony; a popular resort area Republic of Trinidad and Tobagoan island republic in the West Indies off the northeastern coast of Venezuela; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1962 Republic of Cyprusa country on the island of Cyprus; 80% of the people are of Greek origin and 20% or Turkish origin Commonwealth of Dominicaa country on the island of Dominica East Timora former Portuguese colony that was annexed by Indonesia in 1976; voted for independence from Indonesia in 1999 and in May 2002 became an independent nation Republic of Fijian independent state within the British Commonwealth located on the Fiji Islands State of IsraelJewish republic in southwestern Asia at eastern end of Mediterranean; formerly part of Palestine Etruriaan ancient country in central Italy; assimilated by the Romans by about 200 BC Commonwealth of Australiaa nation occupying the whole of the Australian continent; Aboriginal tribes are thought to have migrated from southeastern Asia 20,000 years ago; first Europeans were British convicts sent there as a penal colony Federated States of Micronesiaa country scattered over Micronesia with a constitutional government in free association with the United States; achieved independence in 1986 Republic of the Marshall Islandsa republic (under United States protection) on the Marshall Islands Tuvalua small island republic on the Tuvalu islands; formerly part of the British colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands until it withdrew in 1975 and became independent of the United Kingdom in 1978 Republic of Kiribatian island republic in the west central Pacific just to the south of the equator Republic of Nauruan island republic on Nauru Island; phosphate exports support the economy Independent State of Papua New Guineaa parliamentary democracy on the eastern half of the island of New Guinea; in 1975 it became an independent state within the Commonwealth of Nations Commonwealth of the Bahamasisland country in the Atlantic to the east of Florida and Cuba; a popular winter resort Burkina Fasoa desperately poor landlocked country in western Africa; was formerly Upper Volta under French rule but gained independence in 1960 Republic of Indonesiaa republic in southeastern Asia on an archipelago including more than 13,000 islands; achieved independence from the Netherlands in 1945; the principal oil producer in the Far East and Pacific regions Grenadaan island state in the West Indies in the southeastern Caribbean Sea; an independent state within the British Commonwealth Republic of Maldivesa republic on the Maldive Islands; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1965 Republic of Maltaa republic on the island of Malta in the Mediterranean; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1964 Republic of Mauritiusa parliamentary state on the island of Mauritius New Zealandan independent country within the British Commonwealth; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1907; known for sheep and spectacular scenery Republic of Palaua republic in the western central Pacific Ocean in association with the United States Republic of the Philippinesa republic on the Philippine Islands; achieved independence from the United States in 1946 Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevisa country on several of the Leeward Islands; located to the east southeast of Puerto Rico; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1983 Saint Luciaa country on the island of Saint Lucia; gained independence from Great Britain in 1979 Saint Vincent and the Grenadinesan island country in the central Windward Islands; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1979 Independent State of Samoaa constitutional monarchy on the western part of the islands of Samoa in the South Pacific Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principeisland nation in the South Atlantic off the west coast of Africa; achieved independence from Portugal in 1975; has enormous offshore oil reserves Republic of Seychellesa republic on the Seychelles islands; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1976 Solomon Islandsthe southern Solomon Islands that since 1978 form an independent state in the British Commonwealth Rusthe medieval Russian state established by Scandinavian traders in the 9th century; the capital was first in Novgorod and then in Kiev Union of Soviet Socialist Republicsa former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991 Russian Federationa federation in northeastern Europe and northern Asia; formerly Soviet Russia; since 1991 an independent state Ukrayinaa republic in southeastern Europe; formerly a European soviet; the center of the original Russian state which came into existence in the ninth century Turkmenistana republic in Asia to the east of the Caspian Sea and to the south of Kazakhstan and to the north of Iran; an Asian soviet from 1925 to 1991 Friendly Islandsa monarchy on a Polynesian archipelago in the South Pacific; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1970 Republic of Turkeya Eurasian republic in Asia Minor and the Balkans; on the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1918, the Young Turks, led by Kemal Ataturk, established a republic in 1923 Republic of Vanuatua volcanic island republic in Melanesia; independent since 1980 Balkansthe Balkan countries collectively Republic of Namibiaa republic in southwestern Africa on the south Atlantic coast (formerly called South West Africa); achieved independence from South Africa in 1990; the greater part of Namibia forms part of the high Namibian plateau of South Africa Islamic State of Afghanistana mountainous landlocked country in central Asia; bordered by Iran to the west and Russia to the north and Pakistan to the east and south Republic of Albaniaa republic in southeastern Europe on the Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeriaa republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean Sea with a population that is predominantly Sunni Muslim; colonized by France in the 19th century but gained autonomy in the early 1960s Republic of Angolaa republic in southwestern Africa on the Atlantic Ocean; achieved independence from Portugal in 1975 and was the scene of civil war until 1990 Argentine Republica republic in southern South America; second largest country in South America Republic of Bulgariaa republic in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe Union of Burmaa mountainous republic in southeastern Asia on the Bay of Bengal Republic of Burundia landlocked republic in east central Africa on the northeastern shore of Lake Tanganyika Kingdom of Cambodiaa nation in southeastern Asia; was part of Indochina under French rule until 1946 Republic of Cameroona republic on the western coast of central Africa; was under French and British control until 1960 Central African Republica landlocked country in central Africa; formerly under French control; became independent in 1960 Republic of Chada landlocked desert republic in north-central Africa; was under French control until 1960 Republic of Chilea republic in southern South America on the western slopes of the Andes on the south Pacific coast People's Republic of Chinaa communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world Republic of Colombiaa republic in northwestern South America with a coastline on the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea; achieved independence from Spain in 1821 under the leadership of Simon Bolivar; Spanish is the official language Republic of the Congoa republic in west-central Africa; achieved independence from France in 1960 Democratic Republic of the Congoa republic in central Africa; achieved independence from Belgium in 1960 Republic of Costa Ricaa republic in Central America; one of the most politically stable countries in Latin America Republic of Cote d'Ivoirea republic in western Africa on the Gulf of Guinea; one of the most prosperous and politically stable countries in Africa Republic of Guatemalaa republic in Central America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821; noted for low per capita income and illiteracy; politically unstable British Hondurasa country on the northeastern coast of Central America on the Caribbean; formerly under British control Republic of Hondurasa republic in Central America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821; an early center of Mayan culture Republic of El Salvadora republic on the Pacific coast of Central America Republic of Nicaraguaa republic in Central America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821 Republic of Panamaa republic on the Isthmus of Panama; achieved independence from Colombia in 1903 United Mexican Statesa republic in southern North America; became independent from Spain in 1810 Czech Republica landlocked republic in central Europe; separated from Slovakia in 1993 Slovak Republica landlocked republic in central Europe; separated from the Czech Republic in 1993 Republic of Benina country on western coast of Africa; formerly under French control Togolese Republica republic on the western coast of Africa on the Gulf of Guinea; formerly under French control Kingdom of Denmarka constitutional monarchy in northern Europe; consists of the mainland of Jutland and many islands between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea Republic of Djiboutia country in northeastern Africa on the Somali peninsula; formerly under French control but became independent in 1997 Republic of Equatorial Guineaa country of west central Africa (including islands in the Gulf of Guinea); became independent from Spain in 1968 Kingdom of Norwaya constitutional monarchy in northern Europe on the western side of the Scandinavian Peninsula; achieved independence from Sweden in 1905 Kingdom of Swedena Scandinavian kingdom in the eastern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula Federal Republic of Germanya republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990 German Democratic Republica republic in north central Europe on the Baltic; established by the Soviet Union in 1954; reunified with West Germany in 1990 Federal Republic of Germanya republic in north central Europe on the North Sea; established in 1949 from the zones of Germany occupied by the British and French and Americans after the German defeat; reunified with East Germany in 1990 Republic of Ecuadora republic in northwestern South America; became independent from Spain in 1822; the landscape is dominated by the Andes State of Eritreaan African country to the north of Ethiopia on the Red Sea; achieved independence from Ethiopia in 1993 Federal Democratic Republic of EthiopiaEthiopia is a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; formerly called Abyssinia Republic of Finlandrepublic in northern Europe; achieved independence from Russia in 1917 Hellenic Republica republic in southeastern Europe on the southern part of the Balkan peninsula; known for grapes and olives and olive oil Israelan ancient kingdom of the Hebrew tribes at the southeastern end of the Mediterranean Sea; founded by Saul around 1025 BC and destroyed by the Assyrians in 721 BC Italian Republica republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD Roumaniaa republic in southeastern Europe with a short coastline on the Black Sea Rwandese Republica landlocked republic in central Africa; formerly a German colony Yugoslaviaa former country of southeastern Europe bordering the Adriatic Sea; formed in 1918 and named Yugoslavia in 1929; controlled by Marshal Tito as a communist state until his death in 1980 Republic of Croatiaa republic in the western Balkans in south-central Europe in the eastern Adriatic coastal area; formerly part of the Habsburg monarchy and Yugoslavia; became independent in 1991 Federal Republic of Yugoslaviaa mountainous republic in southeastern Europe bordering on the Adriatic Sea; formed from two of the six republics that made up Yugoslavia until 1992; Serbia and Montenegro were known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia until 2003 when they adopted the name of the Union of Serbia and Montenegro Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovinaa mountainous republic of south-central Europe; formerly part of the Ottoman Empire and then a part of Yugoslavia; voted for independence in 1992 but the mostly Serbian army of Yugoslavia refused to accept the vote and began ethnic cleansing in order to rid Bosnia of its Croats and Muslims Republic of Sloveniaa mountainous republic in central Europe; formerly part of the Habsburg monarchy and Yugoslavia; achieved independence in 1991 Canadaa nation in northern North America; the French were the first Europeans to settle in mainland Canada Republic of Austriaa mountainous republic in central Europe; under the Habsburgs (1278-1918) Austria maintained control of the Holy Roman Empire and was a leader in European politics until the 19th century State of Bahrainan island country in the Persian Gulf off the coast of Saudi Arabia; oil revenues funded progressive programs until reserves were exhausted in 1970s People's Republic of Bangladesha Muslim republic in southern Asia bordered by India to the north and west and east and the Bay of Bengal to the south; formerly part of India and then part of Pakistan; it achieved independence in 1971 Flandersa medieval country in northern Europe that included regions now parts of northern France and Belgium and southwestern Netherlands Kingdom of Belgiuma monarchy in northwestern Europe; headquarters for the European Union and for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Kingdom of Bhutana landlocked principality in the Himalayas to the northeast of India Republic of Botswanaa landlocked republic in south-central Africa that became independent from British control in the 1960s Republic of Boliviaa landlocked republic in central South America; Simon Bolivar founded Bolivia in 1825 after winning independence from Spain Federative Republic of Brazilthe largest Latin American country and the largest Portuguese speaking country in the world; located in the central and northeastern part of South America; world's leading coffee exporter United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irelanda monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; `Great Britain' is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom Englanda division of the United Kingdom Northern Irelanda division of the United Kingdom located on the northern part of the island of Ireland Republic of Irelanda republic consisting of 26 of 32 counties comprising the island of Ireland; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1921 Scotlandone of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts Negara Brunei Darussalama sultanate in northwestern Borneo; became independent of Great Britain in 1984 Arab Republic of Egypta republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC Republic of Indiaa republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia; second most populous country in the world; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947 Kingdom of Nepala small landlocked Asian country high in the Himalayas between India and China Sitsangan autonomous region of the Peoples Republic of China; located in the Himalayas Islamic Republic of Irana theocratic Islamic republic in the Middle East in western Asia; Iran was the core of the ancient empire that was known as Persia until 1935; rich in oil Republic of Iraqa republic in the Middle East in western Asia; the ancient civilization of Mesopotamia was in the area now known as Iraq Nippona constitutional monarchy occupying the Japanese Archipelago; a world leader in electronics and automobile manufacture and ship building Hashemite Kingdom of Jordanan Arab kingdom in southwestern Asia on the Red Sea Republic of Kenyaa republic in eastern Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1963; major archeological discoveries have been made in the Great Rift Valley in Kenya State of Kuwaitan Arab kingdom in Asia on the northwestern coast of the Persian Gulf; a major source of petroleum French Republica republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe Gabonese Republica republic on the west coast of Africa Republic of The Gambiaa narrow republic surrounded by Senegal in West Africa Republic of Ghanaa republic in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea Republic of Guineaa republic in western Africa on the Atlantic; formerly a French colony; achieved independence from France in 1958 Republic of Guinea-Bissaua republic on the northwestern coast of Africa; recognized as independent by Portugal in 1974 Co-operative Republic of Guyanaa republic in northeastern South America; formerly part of the British Empire, but it achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1966 Kingdom of The Netherlandsa constitutional monarchy in western Europe on the North Sea; half the country lies below sea level Republic of Hungarya republic in central Europe Republic of Icelandan island republic on the island of Iceland; became independent of Denmark in 1944 Democratic People's Republic of Koreaa communist country in the northern half of the Korean Peninsula; established in 1948 Republic of Koreaa republic in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula; established in 1948 Lao People's Democratic Republica mountainous landlocked communist state in southeastern Asia; achieved independence from France in 1949 Lebanese Republican Asian republic at east end of Mediterranean Kingdom of Lesothoa landlocked constitutional monarchy in southern Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1966 Republic of Liberiaa republic in West Africa; established in 1822 by Americans as a way to free negro slaves Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriyaa military dictatorship in northern Africa on the Mediterranean; consists almost entirely of desert; a major exporter of petroleum Principality of Liechtensteina small landlocked principality (constitutional monarchy) in central Europe located in the Alps between Austria and Switzerland Grand Duchy of Luxembourga grand duchy (a constitutional monarchy) landlocked in northwestern Europe between France and Belgium and Germany; an international financial center Macedonialandlocked republic on the Balkan Peninsula; achieved independence from Yugoslavia in 1991 Republic of Madagascara republic on the island of Madagascar; achieved independence from France in 1960 Republic of Malawia landlocked republic in southern central Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1964 Malaysiaa constitutional monarchy in southeastern Asia on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1957 Republic of Malia landlocked republic in northwestern Africa; achieved independence from France in 1960; Mali was a center of West African civilization for more than 4,000 years Islamic Republic of Mauritaniaa country in northwestern Africa with a provisional military government; achieved independence from France in 1960; largely western Sahara Desert Principality of Monacoa constitutional monarchy in a tiny enclave on the French Riviera Mongolian People's Republica landlocked socialist republic in central Asia Kingdom of Moroccoa kingdom (constitutional monarchy) in northwestern Africa with a largely Muslim population; achieved independence from France in 1956 Republic of Mozambiquea republic on the southeastern coast of Africa on the Mozambique Channel; became independent from Portugal in 1975 Republic of Nigera landlocked republic in West Africa; gained independence from France in 1960; most of the country is dominated by the Sahara Desert Federal Republic of Nigeriaa republic in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea; gained independence from Britain in 1960; most populous African country Sultanate of Omana strategically located monarchy on the southern and eastern coasts of the Arabian Peninsula; the economy is dominated by oil Islamic Republic of Pakistana Muslim republic that occupies the heartland of ancient south Asian civilization in the Indus River valley; formerly part of India; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947 Republic of Paraguaya landlocked republic in south central South America; achieved independence from Spain in 1811 Republic of Perua republic in western South America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821; was the heart of the Inca empire from the 12th to 16th centuries Republic of Polanda republic in central Europe; the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939 started World War II Portuguese Republica republic in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; Portuguese explorers and colonists in the 15th and 16th centuries created a vast overseas empire (including Brazil) State of Kataran Arab country on the peninsula of Qatar; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1971; the economy is dominated by oil Republic of San Marinothe smallest republic in the world; the oldest independent country in Europe (achieved independence in 301); located in the Apennines and completely surrounded by Italy Kingdom of Saudi Arabiaan absolute monarchy occupying most of the Arabian Peninsula in southwest Asia; vast oil reserves dominate the economy Republic of Senegala republic in northwestern Africa on the coast of the Atlantic; formerly a French colony but achieved independence in 1960 Republic of Sierra Leonea republic in West Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1961 Republic of Singaporea country in southeastern Asia on the island of Singapore; achieved independence from Malaysia in 1965 Somaliaa republic in extreme eastern Africa on the Somali peninsula; subject to tribal warfare Republic of South Africaa republic at the southernmost part of Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1910; first European settlers were Dutch (known as Boers) Republic of Belarusa landlocked republic in eastern Europe; formerly a European soviet Republic of Moldovaa landlocked republic in eastern Europe; formerly a European soviet but achieved independence in 1991 Republic of Armeniaa landlocked republic in southwestern Asia; formerly an Asian soviet; modern Armenia is but a fragment of ancient Armenia which was one of the world's oldest civilizations; throughout 2500 years the Armenian people have been invaded and oppressed by their neighbors Azerbajdzhan Republica landlocked republic in southwestern Asia; formerly an Asian soviet Sakartveloa republic in Asia Minor on the Black Sea separated from Russia by the Caucasus mountains; formerly an Asian soviet but became independent in 1991 Republic of Kazakhstana landlocked republic to the south of Russia and to the northeast of the Caspian Sea; the original Turkic-speaking inhabitants were overrun by Mongols in the 13th century; an Asian soviet from 1936 to 1991 Kyrgyz Republica landlocked republic in west central Asia bordering on northwestern China; formerly an Asian soviet but became independent in 1991 Republic of Tajikistana landlocked mountainous republic in southeast central Asia to the north of Afghanistan; formerly an Asian soviet Republic of Uzbekistana landlocked republic in west central Asia; formerly an Asian soviet Principality of Andorraa small republic in the eastern Pyrenees between Spain and France Kingdom of Spaina parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power Republic of the Sudana republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; achieved independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom in 1956 Republic of Surinamea republic in northeastern South America on the Atlantic; achieved independence from the Netherlands in 1975 Kingdom of Swazilanda landlocked monarchy in southeastern Africa; member of the commonwealth that achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1968 Swiss Confederationa landlocked federal republic in central Europe Syrian Arab Republican Asian republic in the Middle East at the east end of the Mediterranean; site of some of the world's most ancient centers of civilization United Republic of Tanzaniaa republic in eastern Africa Kingdom of Thailanda country of southeastern Asia that extends southward along the Isthmus of Kra to the Malay Peninsula Republic of Tunisiaa republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean coast; achieved independence from France in 1956 Republic of Ugandaa landlocked republic in eastern Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1962 United Arab Emiratesa federation of seven Arab emirates on the eastern Arabian peninsula; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1971; rich in oil reserves United States of AmericaNorth American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 Uruguaya South American republic on the southeast coast of South America; achieved independence from Brazil in 1825 State of the Vatican Citythe smallest sovereign state in the world; the see of the Pope (as the Bishop of Rome); home of the Pope and the central administration of the Roman Catholic Church; achieved independence from Italy in 1929 Republic of Venezuelaa republic in northern South America on the Caribbean; achieved independence from Spain in 1811; rich in oil Socialist Republic of Vietnama communist state in Indochina on the South China Sea; achieved independence from France in 1945 North Vietnama former country in southeastern Asia that existed from 1954 (after the defeat of the French at Dien Bien Phu) until 1975 when South Vietnam collapsed at the end of the Vietnam War South Vietnama former country in southeastern Asia that existed from 1954 (after the defeat of the French at Dien Bien Phu) until 1975 when it was defeated and annexed by North Vietnam Republic of Yemena republic on the southwestern shores of the Arabian Peninsula on the Indian Ocean; formed in 1990 Republic of Zambiaa republic in central Africa; formerly controlled by Great Britain and called Northern Rhodesia until it gained independence within the commonwealth in 1964 Republic of Zimbabwea landlocked republic in south central Africa formerly called Rhodesia; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1980 banana republic a small country (especially in Central America) that is politically unstable and whose economy is dominated by foreign companies and depends on one export (such as bananas) country of origin, fatherland, homeland, mother country, motherland, native landthe country where you were born buffer country, buffer statea small neutral state between two rival powers kingdoma country with a king as head of state tax havena country or independent region where taxes are low European country, European nationany one of the countries occupying the European continent African country, African nationany one of the countries occupying the African continent Asian country, Asian nationany one of the nations occupying the Asian continent South American country, South American nationany one of the countries occupying the South American continent North American country, North American nationany country on the North American continent sultanatecountry or territory ruled by a sultan old countrythe country of origin of an immigrant Scandinavian country, Scandinavian nationany one of the countries occupying Scandinavia Balkan country, Balkan nation, Balkan stateany one of the countries on the Balkan Peninsula Central American country, Central American nationany one of the countries occupying Central America; these countries (except for Belize and Costa Rica) are characterized by low per capita income and unstable governments administrative district, administrative division, territorial division a district defined for administrative purposes 4n the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation 3his state is in the deep south Syn|Exp|Hypo|Hyper province Guangdong province a province in southern China Gansu provincea province in north-central China; formerly part of the Silk Road to Turkistan and India and Persia Hebei provincea populous province in northeastern China Hunan provincea province in southeastern central China between the Nan Ling mountains and the Chang Jiang; noted for its timber and valuable mineral resources Szechwan provincea populous province of south central China Yunnan provincea province of southern China Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Regionan autonomous province in far northwestern China on the border with Mongolia and Kazakhstan; the largest province in the People's Republic of China and the homeland of the Uighur people Inner Mongoliaan autonomous region of northeastern China that was annexed by the Manchu rulers in 1635 and became an integral part of China in 1911 Yucatana state of Mexico on the northern part of the Yucatan Peninsula Campechea Mexican state on the eastern part of the Gulf of Campeche Chihuahuaa state in northern Mexico; mostly high plateau Coahuilaa state in northern Mexico; mostly high plateau Quintana Rooa Mexican state on the eastern side of the Yucatan Peninsula Tabascoa Mexican state on the Gulf of Campeche Lower Saxonya state in northwestern Germany Bavariaa state in southern Germany famous for its beer; site of an automobile factory Kosovoa Serbian province in southern Serbia and Montenegro populated predominantly by Albanians Bosniathe northern part of Bosnia-Herzegovina Tirola picturesque mountainous province of western Austria and northern Italy Assamstate in northeastern India Karnatakastate in southern India; formerly Mysore Manipurstate in northeastern India Andhra Pradesha state of southeastern India on the Bay of Bengal Bihara state of northeastern India Goaa state of southwestern India; a former Portuguese colony Gujaratan industrialized state in western India that includes parts of Bombay Tamil Nadua state in southeastern India on the Bay of Bengal (south of Andhra Pradesh); formerly Madras Uttar Pradesha state in northern India Orissastate in eastern India on the Bay of Bengal West Bengala state in eastern India Indonesian Borneothe part of Indonesia on the southern side of the island of Borneo Frieslandone of the northernmost provinces of the Netherlands Orange Free Statea province in central South Africa that was colonized by the Boers; named Free State in 1997 Transvaala province of northeastern South Africa originally inhabited by Africans who spoke Bantu; colonized by the Boers Cape of Good Hope Provincea former province of southern South Africa that was settled by the Dutch in 1652 and ceded to Great Britain in 1814; in 1994 it was split into three new provinces of South Africa Cape of Good Hopea province of western South Africa Abkhaziaan autonomous province of Georgia on the Black Sea; a strong independence movement has resulted in much instability Adzhariaan autonomous province of Georgia on the Black Sea Bugandaa state of Uganda and site of a former Bantu kingdom Commonwealth of Puerto Ricoa self-governing commonwealth associated with the United States occupying the island of Puerto Rico Abruzzi e Molisea mountainous region of central Italy on the Adriatic Basilicataa region of southern Italy (forming the instep of the Italian `boot') Calabriaa region of southern Italy (forming the toe of the Italian `boot') Campaniaa region of southwestern Italy on the Tyrrhenian Sea including the islands of Capri and Ischia Emilia-Romagnaa region of north central Italy on the Adriatic Friuli-Venezia Giuliaa region in northeastern Italy Latiuman ancient region of west central Italy (southeast of Rome) on the Tyrrhenian Sea Liguriaregion of northwestern Italy on the Ligurian Sea Lombardiaa region of north central Italy bordering Switzerland Marchesa region in central Italy Molisea region of south central Italy Piedmontthe region of northwestern Italy; includes the Po valley Apuliaa region in southeastern Italy on the Adriatic Sardegnathe Italian region on the island of Sardinia; the kingdom of Sardinia was the nucleus for uniting Italy during the 19th century Siciliathe Italian region on the island of Sicily Toscanaa region in central Italy Trentino-Alto Adigea region of northeastern Italy bordering Austria Umbriaa mountainous region in central Italy Valle D'Aostaa region in northwestern Italy Venezia-Euganeaa region of northeastern Italy on the Adriatic Albertaone of the three prairie provinces in western Canada; rich in oil and natural gas and minerals British Columbiaa province in western Canada Manitobaone of the three prairie provinces in central Canada New Brunswicka province in southeastern Canada Newfoundland and Labradora Canadian province on the island of Newfoundland and on the mainland along the coast of the Labrador Sea; became Canada's 10th province in 1949 Nova Scotiathe Canadian province in the Maritimes consisting of the Nova Scotia peninsula and Cape Breton Island; French settlers who called the area Acadia were exiled to Louisiana by the British in the 1750s and their descendants are know as Cajuns Ontarioa prosperous and industrialized province in central Canada Prince Edward Islandan island in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence; the smallest province of Canada Quebecthe largest province of Canada; a French colony from 1663 to 1759 when it was lost to the British Saskatchewanone of the three prairie provinces in west central Canada Queenslanda state in northeastern Australia New South Walesan Australian state in southeastern Australia Victoriaa state in southeastern Australia Tasmaniaan Australian state on the island of Tasmania South Australiaa state in south central Australia Western Australiaa state containing the western third of Australia Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republicformerly the largest Soviet Socialist Republic in the USSR occupying eastern Europe and northern Asia Camellia Statea state in the southeastern United States on the Gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War Last Frontiera state in northwestern North America; the 49th state admitted to the union Grand Canyon Statea state in southwestern United States; site of the Grand Canyon Land of Opportunitya state in south central United States; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War Golden Statea state in the western United States on the Pacific; the 3rd largest state; known for earthquakes Centennial Statea state in west central United States in the Rocky Mountains Constitution Statea New England state; one of the original 13 colonies Diamond Statea Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies Everglade Statea state in southeastern United States between the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War Empire State of the Southa state in southeastern United States; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War Aloha Statea state in the United States in the central Pacific on the Hawaiian Islands Gem Statea state in the Rocky Mountains Land of Lincolna midwestern state in north-central United States Hoosier Statea state in midwestern United States Hawkeye Statea state in midwestern United States Sunflower Statea state in midwestern United States Bluegrass Statea state in east central United States; a border state during the American Civil War; famous for breeding race horses Pelican Statea state in southern United States on the Gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War Pine Tree Statea state in New England Old Line Statea Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies Massachusettsa state in New England; one of the original 13 colonies Great Lakes Statea midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region North Star Statea midwestern state Magnolia Statea state in the Deep South on the gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate States during the American Civil War Show Me Statea midwestern state in central United States; a border state during the American Civil War, Missouri was admitted to the Confederacy without actually seceding from the Union Treasure Statea state in northwestern United States on the Canadian border Cornhusker Statea midwestern state on the Great Plains Battle Born Statea state in the southwestern United States Granite Statea state in New England; one of the original 13 colonies Garden Statea Mid-Atlantic state on the Atlantic; one of the original 13 colonies Land of Enchantmenta state in southwestern United States on the Mexican border New York Statea Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies Old North Statea state in southeastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies Peace Garden Statea state of north central United States bordering on Canada Buckeye Statea midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region Sooner Statea state in south central United States Beaver Statea state in northwestern United States on the Pacific Keystone Statea Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies Little Rhodya state in New England; one of the original 13 colonies; the smallest state Palmetto Statea state in the Deep South; one of the original 13 colonies Mount Rushmore Statea state in north central United States Volunteer Statea state in east central United States Lone-Star Statethe second largest state; located in southwestern United States on the Gulf of Mexico Beehive Statea state in the western United States; settled in 1847 by Mormons led by Brigham Young Green Mountain Statea state in New England Old Dominion Statea state in the eastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies; one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War Evergreen Statea state in northwestern United States on the Pacific Mountain Statea state in east central United States Badger Statea midwestern state in north central United States Equality Statea state in the western United States; mountainous in the west and north with the Great Plains in the east commonwealth the official name of some states in the United States (Massachusetts and Pennsylvania and Virginia and Kentucky) and associated territories (Puerto Rico) eparchya province in ancient Greece American stateone of the 50 states of the United States Italian regionItaly is divided into 20 regions for administrative purposes Canadian provinceCanada is divided into 12 provinces for administrative purposes Australian stateone of the several states constituting Australia Soviet Socialist Republicone of the states that formerly made up the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922-1991) slave stateany of the southern states in which slavery was legal prior to the American Civil War free stateany state prohibiting slavery prior to the American Civil War administrative district, administrative division, territorial division a district defined for administrative purposes 1v express in words state your opinion state your name Syn|Hypo|Hyper say, tell say state as one's opinion or judgement; declare lay out, present, represent bring forward and present to the mind misstatestate something incorrectly answer, reply, respondreact verbally introduce, precede, preface, premisefurnish with a preface or introduction announce, declareannounce publicly or officially articulate, enunciate, vocalise, vocalizeexpress or state clearly get outexpress with difficulty declarestate emphatically and authoritatively declaremake a declaration (of dutiable goods) to a customs official mention, note, observe, remarkmake mention of add, append, supplystate or say further explaindefine giveconvey or reveal information sum, sum up, summarise, summarizebe a summary of pleadenter a plea, as in courts of law professconfess one's faith in, or allegiance to argue, reasonpresent reasons and arguments argue, indicategive evidence of call backreturn or repeat a telephone call counterspeak in response fieldanswer adequately or successfully sassanswer back in an impudent or insolent manner come back, rejoin, repay, retort, return, riposteanswer back condemndeclare or judge unfit for use or habitation promulgateput a law into effect by formal declaration bless, consecrate, hallow, sanctifyrender holy by means of religious rites account, answer forfurnish a justifying analysis or explanation advise, propose, suggestmake a proposal, declare a plan for something assure, promisemake a promise or commitment promisepromise to undertake or give take the Fifth, take the Fifth Amendmentrefuse to testify by invoking the Fifth Amendment, which states that nobody may be forced to testify as a witness against himself or herself preamblemake a preliminary introduction, usually to a formal document prologise, prologize, prologuizewrite or speak a prologue condemn, doom, sentencepronounce a sentence on (somebody) in a court of law spintwist and turn so as to give an intended interpretation exclaim, proclaim, promulgatestate or announce professstate freely affirm, assert, aver, avow, swan, swear, verifyto declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true depone, depose, swearmake a deposition; declare under oath attest, bear witness, take the stand, testifygive testimony in a court of law quotename the price of insert, slip in, sneak in, stick ininsert casually toss inadd casually to a conversation decreeissue a decree animadvert, opine, sound off, speak out, speak upexpress one's opinion openly and without fear or hesitation bridlerespond to the reins, as of horses comment, notice, point out, remarkmake or write a comment on count outdeclare the loser castdeposit express, give tongue to, utter, verbalise, verbalize articulate; either verbally or with a cry, shout, or noise 2v put before Syn|Hyper posit, put forward, submit advise, propose, suggest make a proposal, declare a plan for something 3v indicate through a symbol, formula, etc. Syn|Hypo|Hyper express vote express a choice or opinion voteexpress one's choice or preference by vote votebring into existence or make available by vote bullet votevote cumulatively and distribute the votes according to some principle denote, refer have as a meaning State (once / 33 pages) n WORD FAMILY State: States USAGE EXAMPLESLeaving the UK, Obama visits Turkey where he says: “The United States is not, and will never be, at war with Islam.” The Guardian(Jan 03, 2017) Under a plan published by China’s State Council last year, government regulators will allow private companies to enter the salt market. Seattle Times(Jan 03, 2017) The United States government rates readings of 301 to 500 as “hazardous.” New York Times(Jan 03, 2017) n the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies Syn|Hypo|Hyper Department of State, DoS, State Department, United States Department of State Foggy Bottom United States Department of State, which is housed in a building in a low-lying area of Washington near the Potomac River executive department a federal department in the executive branch of the government of the United States |
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英语词典包含147318条英英释义在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。