| 单词 | chromosome |
| 释义 | chromosome (once / 4992 pages) n A chromosome is a strand of DNA that is encoded with genes. In most cells, humans have 22 pairs of these chromosomes plus the two sex chromosomes (XX in females and XY in males) for a total of 46. The word chromosome was originally coined in German from the Greek words khroma, meaning color, and soma meaning body. In the late 1800s, a scientist, Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Hartz, gave chromosomes their name because chromosomes easily accept dye and take on patterns of light and dark when exposed to different stains that help identify the different chromosomes. WORD FAMILYchromosome: chromosomal, chromosomes+/chromosomal: chromosomally USAGE EXAMPLESLike our hair and skin, our chromosomes show our age. Science Magazine(Dec 15, 2016) Only chromosome sequences of zebrafish were aligned while unplaced scaffolds were excluded. Nature(Dec 13, 2016) Literary biographies remind us that even the gods are human — primates, like the rest of us, just a few chromosomes away from the sapajous. Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016) n a threadlike strand of DNA in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order humans have 22 chromosome pairs plus two sex chromosomes Hypo|Hyper sex chromosome (genetics) a chromosome that determines the sex of an individual autosome, somatic chromosomeany chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; appear in pairs in body cells but as single chromosomes in spermatozoa acentric chromosomea chromosome lacking a centromere acrocentric chromosomea chromosome with the centromere near one end so that one chromosomal arm is short and one is long metacentric chromosomea chromosome having two equal arms because the centromere is in median position telocentric chromosomea chromosome like a straight rod with the centromere in terminal position X chromosomethe sex chromosome that is present in both sexes: singly in males and doubly in females XX(genetics) normal complement of sex chromosomes in a female XXX(genetics) abnormal complement of three X chromosomes in a female XXY(genetics) abnormal complement of sex hormones in a male resulting in Klinefelter's syndrome XY(genetics) normal complement of sex hormones in a male XYY(genetics) abnormal complement of sex hormones in a male who has two Y chromosomes Y chromosomethe sex chromosome that is carried by men body an individual 3-dimensional object that has mass and that is distinguishable from other objects |
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