英语词汇“stratum”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

A stratum is a layer of something, whether abstract, like a social stratum composed of only billionaires, or physical, like the different strata (that’s the plural version) of clouds that an airplane passes through.

Stratum comes from the Latin meaning "something that has been laid down," like asphalt or a bedsheet, but we generally use it to describe layers of something. If you go into geology, you will probably investigate different strata of the soil. If you start out in life poor and try to become rich, you are trying to get into a different social stratum.

WORD FAMILY

stratum: strata, stratify, stratums, substratum, superstratum+/interstratify: interstratified/stratification: stratifications/stratified: unstratified/stratify: interstratify, stratification, stratified, stratifies, stratifying/substratum: substratums

USAGE EXAMPLES

If Marvin Lewis keeps his job after this season he’ll enter the Fisher strata of being completely, an inexplicably, untouchable.

The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)

There’s no complaining about this strata, because it is anything but bland.

Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)

If the 12th Man brings his vegetarian girlfriend to brunch, she might enjoy the breakfast strata.

Seattle Times(Nov 17, 2016)

1n one of several parallel layers of material arranged one on top of another (such as a layer of tissue or cells in an organism or a layer of sedimentary rock)

Exp|Hypo|Hyper

A horizon

the top layer of a soil profile; usually contains humus

B horizon

immediately below the A-horizon; contains deposits of organic matter leached from surface soils

C horizon

beneath the B-horizon and above the bedrock; consisting of weathered rock

cuticle, epidermis

the outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates

corneum, horny layer, stratum corneum

the outermost layer of the epidermis consisting of dead cells that slough off

stratum lucidum

the layer of epidermis immediately under the stratum corneum in the skin of the palms and soles

stratum granulosum

the layer of epidermis just under the stratum corneum or (on the palms and soles) just under the stratum lucidum; contains cells (with visible granules) that die and move to the surface

malpighian layer, rete Malpighii, stratum basale, stratum germinativum

the innermost layer of the epidermis

corium, derma, dermis

the deep vascular inner layer of the skin

cambium

the inner layer of the periosteum

paries, wall

(anatomy) a layer (a lining or membrane) that encloses a structure

substrate, substratum

any stratum or layer lying underneath another

superstrate, superstratum

any stratum or layer superimposed on another

horizon

a specific layer or stratum of soil or subsoil in a vertical cross section of land

bed, seam

a stratum of ore or coal thick enough to be mined with profit

bed

(geology) a stratum of rock (especially sedimentary rock)

mantle, pallium

(zoology) a protective layer of epidermis in mollusks or brachiopods that secretes a substance forming the shell

abdominal wall

a wall of the abdomen

soil horizon

a layer in a soil profile

geological horizon

a layer of rock with a particular composition (especially of fossils); for dating the stratum

coal seam

a seam of coal

ore bed

a stratum of ore

layer

a relatively thin sheetlike expanse or region lying over or under another

2n people having the same social, economic, or educational status

Syn|Exp|Hypo|Hyper

class, social class, socio-economic class

Ferdinand and Isabella

joint monarchs of Spain; Ferdinand V and Isabella I

William and Mary

joint monarchs of England; William III and Mary II

domain, world

people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest

age class

people in the same age range

agriculture

the class of people engaged in growing food

brotherhood, fraternity, sodality

people engaged in a particular occupation

estate, estate of the realm, the three estates

a major social class or order of persons regarded collectively as part of the body politic of the country (especially in the United Kingdom) and formerly possessing distinct political rights

labor, labour, proletariat, working class

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

lower class, underclass

the social class lowest in the social hierarchy

bourgeoisie, middle class

the social class between the lower and upper classes

booboisie

class consisting of all those who are considered boobs

commonality, commonalty, commons

a class composed of persons lacking clerical or noble rank

peasantry

the class of peasants

demimonde

a class of woman not considered respectable because of indiscreet or promiscuous behavior

underworld

the criminal class

yeomanry

class of small freeholders who cultivated their own land

caste

a social class separated from others by distinctions of hereditary rank or profession or wealth

caste

(Hinduism) a hereditary social class among Hindus; stratified according to ritual purity

upper class, upper crust

the class occupying the highest position in the social hierarchy

ninja

a class of 14th century Japanese who were trained in martial arts and were hired for espionage and assassinations

firing line

the most advanced and responsible group in an activity

immigrant class

recent immigrants who are lumped together as a class by their low socioeconomic status in spite of different cultural backgrounds

center

politically moderate persons; centrists

old school

a class of people favoring traditional ideas

market

the customers for a particular product or service

craft, trade

people who perform a particular kind of skilled work

fair sex, woman, womanhood

women as a class

Lords Spiritual, first estate

the clergy in France and the heads of the church in Britain

Lords Temporal, second estate

the nobility in France and the peerage in Britain

Commons, third estate

the common people

fourth estate

the press, including journalists, newspaper writers, photographers

labor force, labor pool

the source of trained people from which workers can be hired

lumpenproletariat

(Marxism) the unorganized lower levels of the proletariat who are not interested in revolutionary advancement

organized labor

employees who are represented by a labor union

petit bourgeois, petite bourgeoisie, petty bourgeoisie

lower middle class (shopkeepers and clerical staff etc.)

academe, academia

the academic world

Grub Street

the world of literary hacks

jati

(Hinduism) a Hindu caste or distinctive social group of which there are thousands throughout India; a special characteristic is often the exclusive occupation of its male members (such as barber or potter)

elite, elite group

a group or class of persons enjoying superior intellectual or social or economic status

aristocracy, gentry

the most powerful members of a society

people in power, ruling class

the class of people exerting power or authority

black market

people who engage in illicit trade

people

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

3n an abstract place usually conceived as having depth

the mind functions on many strata simultaneously

Syn|Hyper

layer, level

place

an abstract mental location

单词	stratum
释义	stratum (once / 589 pages) n A stratum is a layer of something, whether abstract, like a social stratum composed of only billionaires, or physical, like the different strata (that’s the plural version) of clouds that an airplane passes through. Stratum comes from the Latin meaning "something that has been laid down," like asphalt or a bedsheet, but we generally use it to describe layers of something. If you go into geology, you will probably investigate different strata of the soil. If you start out in life poor and try to become rich, you are trying to get into a different social stratum. WORD FAMILY stratum: strata, stratify, stratums, substratum, superstratum+/interstratify: interstratified/stratification: stratifications/stratified: unstratified/stratify: interstratify, stratification, stratified, stratifies, stratifying/substratum: substratums USAGE EXAMPLES If Marvin Lewis keeps his job after this season he’ll enter the Fisher strata of being completely, an inexplicably, untouchable. The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016) There’s no complaining about this strata, because it is anything but bland. Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016) If the 12th Man brings his vegetarian girlfriend to brunch, she might enjoy the breakfast strata. Seattle Times(Nov 17, 2016) 1n one of several parallel layers of material arranged one on top of another (such as a layer of tissue or cells in an organism or a layer of sedimentary rock) Exp\|Hypo\|Hyper A horizon the top layer of a soil profile; usually contains humus B horizon immediately below the A-horizon; contains deposits of organic matter leached from surface soils C horizon beneath the B-horizon and above the bedrock; consisting of weathered rock cuticle, epidermis the outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates corneum, horny layer, stratum corneum the outermost layer of the epidermis consisting of dead cells that slough off stratum lucidum the layer of epidermis immediately under the stratum corneum in the skin of the palms and soles stratum granulosum the layer of epidermis just under the stratum corneum or (on the palms and soles) just under the stratum lucidum; contains cells (with visible granules) that die and move to the surface malpighian layer, rete Malpighii, stratum basale, stratum germinativum the innermost layer of the epidermis corium, derma, dermis the deep vascular inner layer of the skin cambium the inner layer of the periosteum paries, wall (anatomy) a layer (a lining or membrane) that encloses a structure substrate, substratum any stratum or layer lying underneath another superstrate, superstratum any stratum or layer superimposed on another horizon a specific layer or stratum of soil or subsoil in a vertical cross section of land bed, seam a stratum of ore or coal thick enough to be mined with profit bed (geology) a stratum of rock (especially sedimentary rock) mantle, pallium (zoology) a protective layer of epidermis in mollusks or brachiopods that secretes a substance forming the shell abdominal wall a wall of the abdomen soil horizon a layer in a soil profile geological horizon a layer of rock with a particular composition (especially of fossils); for dating the stratum coal seam a seam of coal ore bed a stratum of ore layer a relatively thin sheetlike expanse or region lying over or under another 2n people having the same social, economic, or educational status Syn\|Exp\|Hypo\|Hyper class, social class, socio-economic class Ferdinand and Isabella joint monarchs of Spain; Ferdinand V and Isabella I William and Mary joint monarchs of England; William III and Mary II domain, world people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest age class people in the same age range agriculture the class of people engaged in growing food brotherhood, fraternity, sodality people engaged in a particular occupation estate, estate of the realm, the three estates a major social class or order of persons regarded collectively as part of the body politic of the country (especially in the United Kingdom) and formerly possessing distinct political rights labor, labour, proletariat, working class a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages lower class, underclass the social class lowest in the social hierarchy bourgeoisie, middle class the social class between the lower and upper classes booboisie class consisting of all those who are considered boobs commonality, commonalty, commons a class composed of persons lacking clerical or noble rank peasantry the class of peasants demimonde a class of woman not considered respectable because of indiscreet or promiscuous behavior underworld the criminal class yeomanry class of small freeholders who cultivated their own land caste a social class separated from others by distinctions of hereditary rank or profession or wealth caste (Hinduism) a hereditary social class among Hindus; stratified according to ritual purity upper class, upper crust the class occupying the highest position in the social hierarchy ninja a class of 14th century Japanese who were trained in martial arts and were hired for espionage and assassinations firing line the most advanced and responsible group in an activity immigrant class recent immigrants who are lumped together as a class by their low socioeconomic status in spite of different cultural backgrounds center politically moderate persons; centrists old school a class of people favoring traditional ideas market the customers for a particular product or service craft, trade people who perform a particular kind of skilled work fair sex, woman, womanhood women as a class Lords Spiritual, first estate the clergy in France and the heads of the church in Britain Lords Temporal, second estate the nobility in France and the peerage in Britain Commons, third estate the common people fourth estate the press, including journalists, newspaper writers, photographers labor force, labor pool the source of trained people from which workers can be hired lumpenproletariat (Marxism) the unorganized lower levels of the proletariat who are not interested in revolutionary advancement organized labor employees who are represented by a labor union petit bourgeois, petite bourgeoisie, petty bourgeoisie lower middle class (shopkeepers and clerical staff etc.) academe, academia the academic world Grub Street the world of literary hacks jati (Hinduism) a Hindu caste or distinctive social group of which there are thousands throughout India; a special characteristic is often the exclusive occupation of its male members (such as barber or potter) elite, elite group a group or class of persons enjoying superior intellectual or social or economic status aristocracy, gentry the most powerful members of a society people in power, ruling class the class of people exerting power or authority black market people who engage in illicit trade people (plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively 3n an abstract place usually conceived as having depth the mind functions on many strata simultaneously Syn\|Hyper layer, level place an abstract mental location
随便看	order Rhoeadales order Rhynchocephalia order Rickettsiales order Rodentia order Rosales order Rubiales order Salicales order Salientia order Santalales order Sapindales order Saprolegniales order Sarcosporidia order Sarraceniales order Saurischia order Sauropterygia order Scandentia order Sclerodermatales order Scleroparei order Scorpionida order Scrophulariales order Secotiales order Selaginellales order Siluriformes order Siphonaptera order Siphonophora