| 释义 |
set
I. \ˈset, usu -ed.+V\ verb
(set ; set ; setting ; sets)
Etymology: Middle English setten, from Old English settan; akin to Old High German sezzen to set, Old Norse setja, Gothic satjan; causative from the root of English sit
transitive verb
1.
a. : to cause to sit : make assume a sitting position or attitude
b. : to place in or on a seat
< set a man on horseback >
< set a king on a throne >
c. archaic : to seat in readiness for an activity
< were set to cards — W.M.Thackeray >
< when he was set, his disciples came unto him — Mt 5:1 (Authorized Version) >
2.
a. : to put (a fowl) on eggs to hatch them
b. : to put (eggs) into a nest for a fowl to hatch or into an incubator
3. : to place (oneself) in a position to start running in a race
4. chiefly Scotland : to be becoming to : suit
< this bonnet sets me — J.M.Barrie >
5.
a. : to put to stay in place : place with care or deliberate purpose
< set a lamp on the table >
< set a ladder against the wall >
< set a stone on a grave >
< set a figure on a pedestal >
b. : to fix (a plant) in the ground
< set fruit trees >
— often used with out
< set out seedlings >
c.
(1) : to put (as a trap or snare) in a proper condition or position to catch prey
(2) : to force point and barb of (a hook) into the jaw of a fish
d.
(1) : to put aside (as dough) to rise
(2) : to fill (a fermenter or yeast tub) with mash, yeast, and other ingredients for distilling and to adjust the contents to the proper temperature for fermentation
e. : to place so as to have relation to something or someone
< dainty dish to set before a king >
< set a light at each window >
6. : to direct with fixed attention and preoccupation
< had set his heart on going with us >
< you can solve this problem if you set your mind to it >
7.
a. archaic : to fix in writing : phrase
b. : to place in a particular location or relation in a writing : put down : enter — used with down
< set down all the items in one column >
< all the happenings set down in his diary >
8. : to cause to assume a specified condition, relation, or occupation
< when the slaves were set free >
< made a raft and set it afloat >
< set him over the rest as a foreman >
9. : to appoint or assign to an office or duty : post, station
< set pickets around the camp >
< the order to set the first watch came at 8 o'clock >
10. : to cause to assume a specified posture or position
< set the chair back on its feet >
< set the door ajar >
< his age sets him apart from the others >
< set him astride a horse and led him away >
11.
a. : to fix as a distinguishing imprint, sign, or appearance
< the years have set their mark on him >
< I do set my bow in the cloud — Gen 9:13 (Authorized Version) >
b. archaic : attach
< set feathers to thy heels — Shakespeare >
c. : affix
< my will to which I set my hand and seal >
d. : apply
< set pen to paper >
< set the horn to his lips >
< set spurs to his horse >
< set a match to the pile of leaves >
12. : to play (a domino) to begin a game
13.
a. : to fix or decide upon as a time, limit, or regulation : prescribe
< set a wedding day >
< set certain conditions as part of the bargain >
< set bounds to ambition >
b. : to lay or mark off (a line) in surveying or drafting
c. : to take the bearings of (as a landfall)
< set a landmark >
d. obsolete : to inflict as a burden or penalty : impose
e. : to establish by authority : decree
< once the rules had been set there was no changing them >
14. dialect Britain : rent, lease
15. obsolete : to put in order : settle
16.
a. : to establish as the highest level or best performance
< set a record for the half mile >
< sets a new record for government spending >
b. : to furnish as a pattern or model
< set an example of generosity >
< let another runner set the pace >
< set the fashion for epic poems >
< preferred to work on lines set by his predecessors >
c. : to give a pitch to (a melody) for singing : start by fixing the keynote
< set a psalm >
d. : to allot or appoint as a task or portion of work
< three books were set to be read by the class during the term >
< he was set the task of finding a way to balance the budget >
< the home team was set 75 runs to win the cricket match >
17.
a. : to put into a desired position, adjustment, or condition
< set a thermostat at 70 >
< set the camera lens for a long range shot >
< brought the car to a stop and set the brake >
b. : to pull (a bell) into the position of standing inverted ready for a full stroke
c. : to fix (a combination of pipe-organ stops) so that the pushing of a piston will throw an entire combination
d. : to restore to normal position or connection when dislocated or fractured
< set a broken bone >
e. obsolete : to set up : erect, raise
f. : to spread to the wind
< set the sails of a ship >
g. obsolete : to dispose tactically for battle
18.
a. : to put in order for immediate use
< the table was set for three >
< set a place for a guest >
< set a lathe for screw cutting >
b. : to provide (as words, verses) with melody and instrumental accompaniment
< set a sonnet to music >
also : to adapt (a melody) to a text
< the same prevailing tunes … were customarily set to native American folksongs — S.P.Bayard >
c. : to make scenically ready for a performance
< set the scene >
< set the stage >
d.
(1) : to arrange (type) for printing
< set type by hand >
(2) : to put into type or typographic characters (as on film)
< set the word in caps >
< a book set by computer >
e. : to position (an insert) when tipping into the sections of a book usually so as to correct bad margins
19. also sett \“\ : to determine the fineness of texture of (a fabric) before weaving
20.
a. : to put a fine edge on (a cutting blade) by grinding or honing
< set a razor >
b. : to shape (metal) with a set hammer
c. : to bend slightly the tooth points of (a saw) alternately in opposite directions to widen the kerf and so prevent sticking
d. : to adjust (a measuring instrument) to a desired position
< set a pair of calipers to size on a rule >
e. : to fix the iron of (a carpenter's plane) in position so as to take off the desired thickness of shaving
f. : to sink (a nailhead) below the surface
21. : to dispose (a specimen) for preservation and examination
< set an insect >
22. : to make (a dye or color) fast
23. : to put the finishing coat on
< plaster, float, and set a wall >
24. : to wave, curl, or arrange (hair) by wetting (as with a wave solution) and drying (as with heat)
25.
a. : to cover or border or surround with plants
< set the grounds with trees and bushes >
< a parkway set with sycamores >
b. : to adorn with something affixed or infixed : stud, dot
< the house was set about with fir trees >
< clear sky set with stars >
c.
(1) : to fix (as a precious stone) in a border of metal : place in a setting
< set a diamond in a ring >
(2) : to place in or amid something that serves as a setting
< set glass in a sash >
(3) : to arrange (artificial teeth) upon a plate
26. obsolete : to fix upon or watch with a view to theft
27.
a. : to hold something in regard or esteem at the rate of — used with by
< sets a great deal by daily exercise >
b. obsolete : assume, suppose
c. : to place in a relative rank or category
< set duty before pleasure >
< justly set the gem above the flower — Alexander Pope >
d. : to fix at or adjust to a certain amount
< set bail at $500 >
< set the price higher >
e. : wager, stake
< I have set my life upon a cast — Shakespeare >
f. : value, rate — used with at
< I do not set my life at a pin's fee — Shakespeare >
< his promises were set at naught after so many betrayals >
g. archaic : to rate for assessment
< blamed for setting so wealthy a man at so low a rate — T.B.Macaulay >
h. : to place as an estimate of something's worth
< set a high value on every man's life >
i. : estimate
< fire losses were set at a million dollars >
28. : to place in relation for comparison or balance
< when theory is set against practice >
< after setting our gains against our losses >
29.
a. : to direct to action : put into activity
< set the children to raking leaves >
< set a thief to catch a thief >
< wind the clock and set it running >
b. : to incite to attack
< set the dogs on an intruder >
or antagonism
< war that sets brother against brother >
30.
a. : to place by transporting
< set ashore on the island >
< a ferry set them across the river >
b. : to put in motion
< set the tongues a-wagging >
< set the bells a-ringing >
c. : to bring by imparting motion
< a current set us to the northward >
< stern started to swing with the tide, setting the vessel toward a submerged wreck — All Hands >
d. : to put and fix in a direction
< set our faces toward home once more >
e. of a dog : to point out the seat or position of (as a bird) by holding a fixed attitude
31. : to adjust in conformity with some standard
< set his watch by the radio time signal >
32. : to propel (a boat) by poling
33. : to defeat (an opponent or his contract) in bridge : cause to go down
34.
a. : to fix firmly : make immobile : give rigid form or condition to
< set his jaw in renewed determination to win >
< set her lips firmly and shook her head >
b. : to make unyielding or obstinate
< set his mind against all appeals >
35.
a. archaic : to cause or allow to get stuck
b. dialect : to put into a confusing or embarrassing position : check, stump
36. : to cause to settle or convert into a solid form
< set milk for cheese >
< set jelly by adding pectin >
37. : to cause (fruit or seed) to develop
< the peaches failed to set fruit >
< some varieties do not set seed under cultivation >
38.
a. : to straighten (a bow or arrow) by heating, correcting the deformity, and quickly cooling
b. : to fix (leather) by stretching
39. : to treat (viscose) so as to cause precipitation of cellulose
40. : to fix the form or shape of (a synthetic fabric) as with heat or chemicals
intransitive verb
1. chiefly dialect : sit
2. : to be becoming : be suitable : fit
< his behavior does not set well with his years >
3. of a fowl : to cover and warm eggs to hatch them : brood
4. : to become lodged or fixed — used with on or upon
< the pudding set heavily on his stomach >
5. of a blossom, fruit, or seed : to adhere to a parent plant and initiate growth or normal development as a result of a stimulus (as pollination)
6. : to settle and become attached
< spawning and setting of oysters >
7.
a. of a heavenly body : to pass below the horizon : go down : decline
< the sun sets later now >
— opposed to rise
b. : to sink out of sight : come to an end : pass away
8. : to place plants or shoots in the ground : plant
< in some cases setting is preferable to sowing >
9.
a. obsolete : to make a stake or wager : bet
b. : to make the first play in a game of dominoes
10.
a. chiefly dialect : to begin to move : set out : set forth
b. : to apply oneself to some activity
< set to work to finish the job >
11.
a. : to have a specified direction in motion : flow, tend
< the current sets to the north >
< the wind was setting from Pine Hill to the farm — Esther Forbes >
b. : to have a trend : gather headway in a definite direction
< art is setting against modernism >
12. of a dog : to indicate the position of game by crouching or pointing
13. : to dance face to face with another in a square dance — used usually with to
< set to your partner and turn >
14.
a. : to become fixed or rigid; specifically : to become more solid or hardened (as by chemical action or by cooling or drying)
< use up the cement before it sets >
< this ink sets rapidly >
b. of cream : to rise and settle at the top
c. of milk : curdle
d. of a dye or color : to become fast or permanent
15.
a. of a bone : to become whole by knitting
b. of metal : to acquire a permanent twist or bend from strain
16. of a balance wheel : to stop swinging
Synonyms:
put, place, lay, dispose, stow, deposit: set suggests the putting of a person or thing firmly in a specified place, condition, or relationship
< bring these fellows into the country, or set them aboard ship — R.L.Stevenson >
< set all her hopes in the son, particularly in her oldest — Franz Alexander >
< some new apprentice … may turn out in the end to be either a bungler or an enemy, and set the whole appliance out of gear — B.N.Cardozo >
put applies to a motion or action placing a person or thing in an indicated situation or condition
< putting somebody else in a comfortable chair and making him listen to their efforts — Barrett Wendell >
< proceedings in the lower courts were put on the same footing as proceedings in the higher ones — B.N.Cardozo >
< the Gospels, especially the apocryphal, were put into Old French — H.O.Taylor >
place may suggest a preciseness or considered intent lacking in put
< church buildings along Main Street are placed some distance back, but the commercial buildings abut the sidewalks — American Guide Series: New Hampshire >
< efforts were directed to placing his young friend where his talents could find a steady market — H.S.Canby >
lay may convey the notion that the thing moved has been put into a flat position, one compatible with reclining rather than standing
< the lacquered services are laid upon the matting before them by maidens whose bare feet make no sound — Lafcadio Hearn >
< Apollo has not laid aside his bow, nor Neptune his trident — William Hazlitt >
dispose is likely to suggest considered or calculated placing and arranging
< orchids had been conspicuously disposed in various receptacles — Edith Wharton >
< numerous auxiliary regiments, foot and horse, which were disposed over the hill-country — Jacquetta & Christopher Hawkes >
stow is likely to suggest compact or neat and convenient placing, storing, packing
< air out the cabin and stow away our winter supplies — Willa Cather >
< roomy enough for a skillful packer to stow a two-week supply of clothes in — New Yorker >
deposit may suggest either careful and attentive placing or putting away as in a cache or, in the natural sciences, letting fall to accumulate
< two copies of each measure are printed on special vellum … to be deposited in the Public Record Office — F.A.Ogg & Harold Zink >
< took off the silk hat … and deposited it on the front seat of the cab — Joseph Conrad >
< deposits more or less of the matter which it holds in suspension — T.H.Huxley >
Synonyms:
fix, settle, establish: set suggests to put in place, maybe as a definite and final placing, forming, or making
< the patristic system of dogma with the antique philosophy set the forms of medieval expression — H.O.Taylor >
fix is likely to suggest stability and permanence
< his character, his tastes and his private way of life also are during these years pretty well fixed — J.W.Krutch >
< slowly his place in the McCoy household had been fixed — Sherwood Anderson >
settle implies finality and permanence
< both English and French have been settled in their present form roughly since the eighteenth century — Times Literary Supplement >
establish on the other hand is likely to connote a combination first of placing and forming and second of furthering and fostering until the thing in question is stable and permanent
< by distinguishing what the author assumes from what he establishes through arguments — M.J.Adler >
< enlarging our personality by establishing new affinities and sympathies with our fellowmen, with nature, and with God — W.R.Inge >
•
- set about
- set abroad
- set apart
- set aside
- set a sponge
- set at
- set at defiance
- set at naught
- set by the ears
- set cock a hoop
- set eyes on
- set flying
- set foot in
- set forth
- set forward
- set home
- set light by
- set naught by
- set on
- set one back
- set one's cap for
- set one's face against
- set one's hand to
- set on foot
- set sail
- set store by
- set taut
- set the palette
- set the temperament
II. adjective
Etymology: Middle English sett, from past participle of setten to set — more at set I
1.
a. : situated, located
< a house set on a hilltop >
b. : fixed in place
< eyes set deep in his head >
2. : intent, determined — used with on or upon
< set upon going >
< set on becoming a doctor >
3. : pitched
< set battle >
4. : fixed by authority or appointment
< work at a set wage >
: prescribed, specified
< set forms of worship >
< set hours of study >
< set rules of procedure >
5. of a style of handwriting : precise, clear, and even
< the indictment … which in a set hand fairly is engrossed — Shakespeare >
6. : deliberately conceived, composed, or expressed : intentional, premeditated
< did it of set purpose >
< dislike of set speeches >
< railed on Lady Fortune … in good set terms — Shakespeare >
7. : assigned, required
< asked to prepare a talk on a set subject >
< reading set books in preparation for examinations >
8.
a. : not open to persuasion or argument : reluctant to change : obstinate
< an old man very set in his ways >
b. chiefly dialect : disposed or resolved either by natural inclination or act of will
< set to lead a virgin's life to my death — Philip Sidney >
9.
a. : fixed in position or attitude : immovable, rigid
< set line of his jaw >
< set frown >
< read in measured, set tones >
b. : built-in
10. : remaining unchanged : settled, persistent
< set defiance >
< set rains >
11.
a. : prepared, ready
< all set for an early morning start >
< the storm broke before we could get set for it >
b. : securely balanced for delivering a blow
< continual jabbing kept his opponent from getting set for a good punch >
< change of pace keeps the batter from getting set >
c. : poised to start running or to dive in at the instant the signal is given
< ready, set, go >
III. noun
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English set, sett, sette, partly from sett, past participle of setten to set; partly from setten to set; in some senses, from or influenced in meaning by obsolete sette religious body, sect, from Middle French, from Latin secta — more at set, sect I
1. : the descent of a heavenly body below the horizon
< that will be ere the set of sun — Shakespeare >
2. or sett \ˈset\ Scots law : the constitution of a burgh
3. obsolete : state of being stopped : standstill, check
4.
a. : the first play in the game of dominoes
b. : the first domino played
5. : an instance of being defeated at a contract in bridge
< tried for an overtrick at the risk of a set >
6. : dead set
7.
a. : the hardening or solidifying of a plastic or liquid substance by chemical action (as of mortar, concrete, cement) or by cooling and drying (as of glue)
b. : the chemical and physical action causing a paint or varnish to become dry and firm
c. : the property of an enamel slip that enables it to form an adherent layer on a metal surface
8.
a. : mental inclination, tendency, or habit : bent
< a definite set toward mathematical reasoning >
b. : a state of preparedness usually of limited duration for action in response to an anticipated stimulus or situation
< mental set which functions in blocking all responses except those suited to the occasion — Arthur Weider >
< motor set produced by lifting a weight >
9. : direction of flow
< against the set of the current >
< the set of public opinion was now strongly toward peace >
< the current had a northeasterly set >
10. : form or carriage of the body or of its parts
< formidable set of his shoulders >
< graceful set of her head >
11. : the manner of fitting or of being placed or suspended
< carefully adjusting the set of her hat >
12.
a. : amount of deflection from a straight line
< set of an axle >
< set of a saw's teeth >
or level position
< set of a gun aimed for distance >
b. : the camber of a curved roofing tile
c. : the camber of a leaf spring
13. : fixed direction of growth
< rubbing against the set of the fur >
14.
a. : a permanent bend or loss in elasticity
< set in a bow >
< set of a fishing rod >
b. : permanent change of form (as of metal) due to repeated or excessive stress — compare fatigue, permanent set
15.
a. : the act of arranging hair by curling or waving when wet with water or wave solution
b. : the result of such arranging
16. : the act or position of a dog in setting game
17. also sett
a. : a young plant or rooted cutting ready for setting out
< a set of a strawberry >
b. : a small tuber or section of tuber, bulb, or corm
< an onion set >
< potato set >
c. : the amount of bloom produced on a plant
d. : the blossoms of a plant (as a fruit tree) that have set fruit as a result of fertilization of the flowers
< heavy set of apples >
e. : the attachment of young mollusks (as oysters) to the substrate; also : the crop set at a particular time
18. obsolete : a pleat in a ruff; also : the manner in which a ruff is pleated
19. : the burrow of a badger
20. : a trap or snare placed to catch game
< visit each set daily >
21. also sett : shot 1d, 4
22. : the width of the shank of a piece of type; also : the overall width of a letter — compare point-set, unit-set; see type illustration
23. also sett
a. : a piece placed temporarily upon the head of a pile that cannot be reached directly by the weight or hammer
b. : set hammer
c. : punch III 1a(3)
d. : snap 11a
24. : the artificially constructed setting in which a stage or television play or motion picture is enacted including decor, properties, and furniture
25. also sett : a rectangular block of granite or sandstone used for paving streets and truck highways
26. : set iron
27. : the finishing coat of plaster
28.
a. : the contents of a fermenting vat just after all ingredients have been added
b. : the pH value of a freshly filled fermenter
29. : set shot
30. : setup 6g
31.
a. : a unit in a tennis match consisting of a group of games of which one side wins six to opponent's four or less or in case of a deuced score wins two consecutive games
b. : a combination of three or more playing cards of the same rank or of the same suit in sequence : meld
32. : a number of things naturally connected by location
< set of muscles >
< set of footprints >
or formation
< set of teeth >
or order in time
< set of temperature readings >
33. : a collection of books forming a unit: as
a. : the works of one author issued in volumes in uniform style
b. : a file of issues of a periodical
c. : a group of related works on a particular subject or of unrelated volumes printed uniformly and intended to be sold as a group
34. : a number of associated buildings or rooms
< set of farm buildings >
35. : the eggs laid by a bird for a single incubation or brood : clutch
36.
a. : the number of persons necessary for a square dance
b. : the formation assumed by a group of dancers to start a square dance
c. : a balancing step in country-dance usually done by partners face to face
d. : the music played for a single turn of square, country, or ballroom dancing
< between sets … balladeer sings folk songs — New Yorker >
37. : a group of musical compositions forming a whole
< set of dances >
38. : a team of matched horses
39.
a. : a group of articles of uniform design
< set of dining room furniture >
< set of dishes >
b. : the complete apparatus or equipment used in a particular process (as gas manufacture)
c. : an assortment of tools or instruments of identical kind
< set of drill bits in graded sizes >
or complementary relationship
< set of drafting tools >
< set of carpenter's tools >
< set of golf clubs >
d. : a complete collection of articles necessary for playing a game
< croquet set >
< chess set >
e. Britain : a string of railway cars of the same exterior style
f. : a group of pumps that are used for lifting water from one level to another
g. : a group comprising breaker, intermediate, and finisher cards used in wool carding
40. : a heavy timber frame for supporting the sides of an excavation, shaft, or tunnel
41. also sett : a standard measurement of the fineness of cloth usually determined by the number of threads in one inch and the number of threads in each dent of the reed
42.
a. : a number of persons associated by custom, occupation, social activity, or age; collectively : the persons of a specified social type
< belonged to the horsy set >
< the younger married set >
b. : a number of associated workers : gang
c. : a small breeding group of domestic animals; especially : a gander and one or more geese
43.
a. : a series of postage stamps
b. : a group of postage stamps including the lower denominations of a single series
44.
a. : a group formed by classification
< set of ideas >
< set of grammatical forms >
b. : a collection of things and especially mathematical elements (as numbers or points) — called also class
45. : an apparatus of electrical or electronic components assembled so as to function as a unit
< radio set >
< television set >
< amplifying set >
< sending set >
46. : the chromosome complement of a gamete
47. : twelve-tone row |