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单词 severe
释义 se·vere
\sə̇ˈvi(ə)r, sēˈ-, -viə\ adjective
(-er/-est)
Etymology: Middle French or Latin; Middle French, from Latin severus, perhaps from sed, se without + -verus kindliness, friendliness; akin to Latin verus true — more at idiot, very
1.
 a. : strict or uncompromising in judgment, discipline, or government
  < parent severe to the pitch of hostility — H.G.Wells >
  < the king's temper was arbitrary and severe — T.B.Macaulay >
  < did perfect work and was a more severe taskmistress than the teacher who had sight — Marie A. Kasten >
 b. : of a strict or stern bearing or demeanor
  < her face was composed but not severe — Archibald Marshall >
  < her matronly expression became more severe — Ellen Glasgow >
  < a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien — Current Biography >
2. : absolute or rigorous in restraint, punishment, or requirement : inflexible, stringent, restrictive
 < martial law is very severe in this matter — C.B.Nordhoff & J.N.Hall >
 < the severe discipline of military life — John Lodge >
 < the penalties become more severe as the bottom is approached — R.A.Hall b.1911 >
 < in connection with phantom circuits, severer cross talk requirements have necessitated more precise balances — Bell System Technical Journal >
3. : strongly critical or condemnatory : censorious
 < some voluntary societies have been very severe about certain films … which they consider vague, incoherent, and technically poor — Report: (Canadian) Royal Commission on National Development >
 < very severe on the dangers and disease of intoxication — George du Maurier >
 < delivers severe remarks against his enemies >
4.
 a. : establishing or maintaining a scrupulously exacting standard of behavior or self-discipline
  < there appeared a sounder logic in the severe decorum and ironbound theology of her youth — Ellen Glasgow >
  < faults that must seem so black to her, with her simple severe notions — George Eliot >
  < one of the severest moralists of his times >
 b. : establishing or exhibiting scrupulously exacting standards of accuracy and integrity in intellectual processes
  < models of exact research and severe scholarship — D.M.Robinson >
  < the kind of truth demanded by severe logicians — H.J.Muller >
5. : sober or restrained in decoration or manner : conservatively adorned : austere, plain
 < the only decoration to an otherwise severe facade — American Guide Series: Louisiana >
 < in his severe black garb — American Guide Series: Delaware >
 < in cool, severe prose — American Guide Series: Florida >
6.
 a. : inflicting physical discomfort or hardship : inclement, harsh
  < the snows of a severe New England winter — American Guide Series: Maine >
  < conditions too severe to effect a rescue either by surf boats or by a breeches buoy — J.P.Baxter b.1893 >
  < growing under severe alpine conditions — G.R.Stewart >
 b. : inflicting pain or distress : afflictive, grievous
  < disturbance which may be mild and benign or severe and malign — Diseases of the Nervous System >
  < the severe aches connected with muscles — F.A.Geldard >
  < a severe wound which … cost him a leg — Mary A. Hamilton >
  < the pain of a badly fitting or too severe bit is a constant cause of trouble — Beauvoir de Lisle >
7. : requiring great effort : arduous, difficult
 < faces a severe test of his capacity — New Statesman & Nation >
 < showing, in a severe physical contest … that his bodily strength is not decayed — J.G.Frazer >
8. chiefly dialect : extremely strong, powerful, or effective
 < takes a big severe dog to do that — Horace Kephart >
9. : of a great degree or an undesirable or harmful extent : marked, serious
 < a severe economic depression — B.K.Sandwell >
 < the fight was not severe for there was only one fatality — American Guide Series: California >
 < severe shortages >
 < severe difficulties >
Synonyms:
 stern, austere, ascetic: severe implies unsparing adherence to rigorous standards, often those prescribing the hard or plain, enforced without indulgence and sometimes with harshness
  < a severe code of Spartan living >
  < has high and severe standards — C.L.R.James >
  < was unyielding in his understandable insistence on discipline, was apt to be severe — Arthur Berger >
  stern may imply inflexible or inexorable severity, often along with a harsh, forbidding, or cold disposition
  < during 21 stern years in the courtroom, Parker sentenced 151 men to the gallows — American Guide Series: Arkansas >
  < love indeed they did give, but it was a stern and passionless affection — E.T.Thurston >
  < on its surrender the stern justice of Hubert hung the twenty-four knights and their retainers who formed the garrison — J.R.Green >
  austere may describe cold, barren, or dispassionate lack of feeling, warmth, color, or animation; it may apply to rigorous and stark restraint, simplicity, or self-denial
  < austere, chill, precise, and dignified, his demeanor made familiarity impossible — Allan Nevins >
  < banks have sometimes cultivated a cold, austere atmosphere, symbolized by hard, cold marble and polished brass — Banking >
  ascetic may refer to self-denying abstention, monastic or reminiscent of monasticism, from the pleasurable, easy, or indulgent, or even a courting of the disagreeable and hard in spiritual or intellectual discipline
  < knowing the ascetic measure of his appetites, he was doubly certain that she would not let him starve; crisp drops of spring water and spare and wholesome crusts could never be denied him — Elinor Wylie >
  < his crabbed style and ascetic reasoning — V.L.Parrington >
  < this intermeddling with worldly business, which the ascetic reformer looked upon as the curse that robbed prelates and churchmen of that spiritual authority which could alone meet the vice and suffering of the time — J.R.Green >
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更新时间:2024/12/23 18:17:41