| 单词 | hard |
| 释义 | hard I. 1. a. (1) < an extremely hard stone > < wriggled uncomfortably in his hard chair > < these apples are very hard > (2) < a hard binding > < selling methods … to fit the hard books — Henry Garfinkle > (3) b. of liquor (1) < a hard wine > (2) c. (1) (2) of oil (3) < hard X rays > also < hard tube > (4) < a hard negative > < hard paper > (5) < a hard glass > < a hard enamel > d. (1) of money < the colonies suffered from a shortage of hard money > < ranchers … who were known to keep their wealth in the form of hard money — W.H.Breen > (2) of currency < the period of the eighteen-nineties witnessed a bitter struggle between the hard-money and the cheap-money groups — C.B.Swisher > also < a hard-money policy > (3) of a currency < they require payment in dollars, pounds, or other hard … currency — Joseph Wechsberg > (4) < he has to be paid in hard cash > < pay the writing schools hard cash to liberate their muse — Edward Uhlan > (5) of prices e. (1) (2) (3) of plumage (4) of individual feathers 2. a. (1) < nice animals in good hard condition — R.M.Daw > < all likely lads in hard condition — John Buchan > (2) < children of harder stock — Ernest Beaglehole > b. < brought out of the war a character austere and not a little hard — Edmund Wilson > < a man of hard unbending will > c. (1) < failure … to make hard, firm decisions at high levels — Science > < the continuing lack of a hard agreement with the U.S. — Benjamin Welles > (2) < backed by evidence which he considers hard — American Anthropologist > < a comprehensive set of hard figures emerged for the first time — Time > < most facts are independent of our volitions; that is why they are called hard — Bertrand Russell > < hard evidence that the government's optimism is not unfounded — Sydney Gruson > (3) < there can be no hard line of division between these two groups of changes — Edward Sapir > (4) < took a last hard look at the old homestead > < at a later date I will take a hard look at my political future — New York Times > (5) of news < hard news refers to the less exciting and more analytical stories of public affairs, economics, social problems — F.L.Mott > — compare soft d. < the hard modern mind — College English > < the later version is harder, less “poetic” in the Romantic sense, less sentimental — Louis MacNeice > < the most practical place to teach hard practical thinking is in … sociology — National Catholic Educational Association Bulletin > < a Scotsman's hard, keen sense of the practical — R.W.Chapman > < notable for his hard sense, frugality, and industry > 3. a. (1) < you've had very hard luck > < the dory was … in hard shape — G.W.Brace > < the hard years dragged by > < too much reading is hard on the eyes > < that traffic cop gave me a hard time > specifically < hard times followed, and domestic creditors suffered equally with the foreign — S.E.Morison & H.S.Commager > < the Alaska gold rush … put an end to hard times — American Guide Series: Washington > (2) < musicians also find it hard that they must pay heavy duty … on orchestral instruments — Report: (Canadian) Royal Commission on National Development > < the hard system of apprenticeship, virtual peonage, was failing rapidly — American Guide Series: Tennessee > b. (1) < he was a stern, hard, cruel man — Anthony Trollope > < people who are hard, grasping, selfish — G.B.Shaw > < don't be too hard on the boy > (2) < my first real assignment was as a sort of scoutmaster to a hard gang of boys — R.M.Lovett > < a prison warden of long standing and accustomed to dealing with hard cases > (3) < a hard, cheap, frightened floozy — Arthur Knight > c. (1) < this is a hard saying to people who have worked so much — Clement Attlee > < said some very hard things to me > : hostile, resentful < no hard feelings, I'm sure > : rough, coarse < hard and frugal fare, yet we throve upon it > : making no concession : strict, unrelenting < he drives a very hard bargain > < a credit to the hard religious system under which they were bred — G.M.Trevelyan > (2) < hard stories too were told about him; something … concerning an hereditary propensity to eat men — Herman Melville > (3) < one of the hardest winters in men's memories > < a hard, driving rain > < in hard weather he stayed in his … house — Mary Webb > d. (1) < a hard spell of coughing — Ellen Glasgow > < dealt him a hard blow > < fell into a hard sleep > < going at a hard trot down that steep hill — Rachel Henning > (2) < got where he is by hard work > < this question requires hard thinking — W.H.Whyte > < with some the sell is hard, with big advertising budgets … and platoons of agents on the road — Blake Ehrlich > (3) < a hard drinker > < one of the hardest workers on the floor > < a very hard smoker — Tadhg Murphy > (4) < was nearing a century of hard wear when it lost a cover — R.W.Chapman > < this garment will stand hard use > (5) < hard merchandise > e. (1) < this is for hard big tone — Warwick Braithwaite > < it has a hard but brilliant note — Robert Donington > (2) < exaggerated shadows to intensify crisp outlines and hard forms — Katharine Kuh > < a portrait in the hard but sincere and living fashion of the period — G.K.Chesterton > (3) < looking … at the hard shadows we cast on the ground — John Skölle > < in the early twilight the outlines of the castle loomed hard and clear > (4) < hard bright sunlight at the water's edge — Oscar Handlin > < the light is so hard and brilliant that … you have to screw up your eyes — Thomas Wood †1950 > < had the hard dull flush of the steady heavy drinker — Thomas Wolfe > < staring at the ceiling in the hard light of the one unshaded lamp — Nevil Shute > (5) (6) of a consonant (7) (8) < the same faint, hard smile around the edges of her mouth — Thomas Wolfe > < with a rather hard mouth and a supercilious manner — Scott Fitzgerald > < a fund of English openness and good nature legible in his hard features — William Heath > < a hard pair of eyes that belied his unmanly, almost effeminate face — Barnaby Conrad > — often used in combination < a hard-faced businessman who knows all the latest salacious limericks — Harold Wincott > < a hard-eyed little man > 4. a. (1) < this ailment is hard to cure > < the American habit of tipping … is a hard one to break — Richard Joseph > < of course all languages are hard — Bernard Bloch > < a hard decision > < she's playing hard to get > < a distinctly hard problem > (2) < a hard saying, no doubt, … but it has its meaning — Havelock Ellis > < this is at first sight a very hard saying, but a little consideration will show that it is only natural — J.A.Todd > < a book full of long, hard words > (3) < he tied his shoelaces in hard knots — Erskine Caldwell > b. archaic c. < many perished on the long hard march to safety > < fishing and lumbering … are hard trades — Upton Sinclair > < the birth was hard — Farley Mowat > Synonyms: < a hard task > < the hard work of digging the shaft > < a subject hard to teach > < inspirations such as these do not necessarily eliminate all the hard work that goes into developing them and putting them down on paper — J.D.Cook > difficult may imply obstacles to be surmounted, problems to be solved, complication to be removed, simplifications to be made, or trials to be faced by skill, ingenuity, or resolution < to climb a mountain which, as all who have climbed it testify, is long, steep, and difficult — W.R.Inge > < business of a delicate and difficult nature, which might get people into trouble — Charles Dickens > < trying to write things that have not been written before, and that were very difficult to write — Havelock Ellis > < the more difficult task of changing the ways of thinking, the habits, and the practices of the Japanese people — Collier's Year Book > arduous may suggest need for perseverance and resolute exertion < the local railways … worked their arduous ways up the mining valleys — O.S.Nock > < the arduous task of formulating legislation necessary to the country's welfare — F.D.Roosevelt > < the scientific spirit, like the spirit of sanctity, can be acquired only by the arduous methodical discipline — M.R.Cohen > Synonym: see in addition firm. • - hard up - the hard way II. 1. a. < the men were hard at work > < the lumbermen lived and played hard > < you've been going too hard the last six months > < it forces one to think hard > b. < drove the muzzle hard into the gangster's face > < the rain came down hard > < the wind is blowing hard > c. (1) < hard right > < hard alee > < hard aport > (2) < if … you wish to persevere with the present tree, cut it back hard — Sydney (Australia) Bulletin > < the strike cut production back hard > d. < he is hitting the bottle hard > e. < looked hard at him > < listen hard to what I have to say > f. < the incident brought home to him hard his inadequate grasp of the subject > 2. a. < the Stamp Act and other laws which bore hard on colonial prosperity — H.E.Scudder > < such levies hit the poor harder than the rich — Collier's Year Book > < things have gone very hard with us > b. < this expansion of Russia's … was taken very hard in the liberal Western world — New Republic > < it was his first taste of defeat … he took it hard — S.H.Adams > c. < they deserved to live hard even if it deprived them of … leisure in which to think high — F.M.Ford > 3. < hold on hard > 4. < like my eggs boiled hard > < the river froze hard > 5. < breathing hard after that long run > 6. < caught the fish hard in to the shore > < the house stood hard by the river > < hard on the heels of the Supreme Court decision > < darkness was hard at hand > < steamships berth hard up against the main streets — William Sansom > III. 1. chiefly Britain 2. slang chiefly Britain < ten years hard … for clouting some bloke — Richard Llewellyn > 3. IV. 1. < such hard drugs as heroin > 2. < hard detergents > < hard pesticides like DDT > 3. < a hard scientist > 4. < the hard political right > |
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