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单词 sour
释义 sour
I. \ˈsau̇(ə)r, ˈsau̇ə, esp in the South ˈsau̇wə(r\ adjective
(-er/-est)
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English sūr; akin to Old High German sūr sour, Old Norse sūrr sour, Lithuanian suras salty, Old Slavic syrŭ moist, raw
1. : causing or characterized by the one of the four basic taste sensations produced chiefly by acids
 < sour pickles >
 < sour green apples for pies >
— compare bitter, salt, sweet
2.
 a.
  (1) : having the acid taste or smell of or as if of fermentation : rancid, turned
   < sour beer >
   < sour milk >
   < the smell of wet clothing is sour — Norman Mailer >
  (2) : of or relating to fermentation
   < the sour process for manufacturing starch >
 b. : smelling or tasting of decay : putrid, rotten
  < sour breath >
  < a dense drift of dead nettles — their sour odor haunting the air — Walter de la Mare >
 c.
  (1) : proving unsound or unpopular : bad, wrong
   < private lending institutions unloaded their sour investments on the Treasury — Harrison Smith >
   — usually used with go or turn
   < not enough people rented them and the project went sourReporter >
   < a proposal which quickly turned sour even in the Republican camp — Economist >
  (2) : robbed of illusion : disenchanted
   < halfway through the book … went sour on Marxism — Alfred Kazin >
3.
 a. : of a disagreeable kind : unpleasant, distasteful
  < find it easier if they … do not have to hear too often too much of the sour truth — Walter Lippmann >
  < a sour job, like washing up the dishes after a party — George Weller >
  < that's a sour harbor in a sou'east gale — Mary H. Vorse >
 b. : of a cross or sullen nature : dour, morose
  < a sour disgruntled man of small position — Margaret Mead >
  < take a sour view of recent contributions of nuclear physics to human progress — J.B.Priestley >
 c. : expressive of ill humor or dissatisfaction : peevish
  < made a sour grimace — L.C.Douglas >
 d. : taking a hostile attitude : down — used with on
  < unions are sour on the new merger, and may … form a new group — Kiplinger Washington Letter >
4.
 a. : acid in reaction and usually needing drainage as well as liming — used of soil
 b. dialect Britain : disagreeable in texture or taste : harsh, rank — used of grass
5. archaic : inclement, miserable — used of weather
 < sour gusts of wind and rain — Archibald Lovell >
6.
 a. : containing malodorous sulfur compounds (as hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans) — used especially of natural gas, petroleum, and petroleum distillates; compare doctor test
 b. : inaccurate or inferior in quality : jarring, poor
  < must hear the sour note and correct it — C.W.Pearce >
  < his … drives were often wild, his putting sourTime >
Synonyms:
 acid, acidulous, tart, dry: sour is often interchangeable with acid but in addition is applied to that which through fermentation has lost its sweet or neutral taste; it may or may not suggest rancidness
  < sour wine >
  < sour bread >
  acid applies to that which has a biting taste in its natural or normal state
  < acid fruits >
  acidulous implies a degree of acidity
  < mineral waters pleasantly acidulous >
  while tart indicates a sharp but often an agreeable acidity
  < cooks prefer tart apples for pies >
  dry applies to wines that are bland without being sweet. In more figurative senses, sour applies to the peevish or morose; acidulous and tart to asperity, pungency, or sharpness; acid to the biting or caustic
  < a sour man was Andrew Bogue that day, and sourer was he now. Nor word nor syllable would he utter — William Black >
  < she's none too well pleased about it. A discarded woman never is; she always turns sour on you — Max Peacock >
  < the acidulous tongue … had impaired working relationships with his British, Chinese, and American colleagues — John Fischer >
  < tart temper never mellows with age — Washington Irving >
  < his wit became acid; his letters are filled with caustic comment to sharpen the temper of those on the fighting line — V.L.Parrington >
  dry may suggest matter-of-fact impersonal presentation of the humorous, sarcastic, or ironic
  < into these tiny paragraphs he packed his dry wit and his easy, good-natured satire on the follies of the day — Eleanor M. Sickles >
  < a story by Maupassant, dry and ironical in its beginning — V.S.Pritchett >
II. noun
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English, from sour (I)
1.
 a.
  (1) : something acidulous
   < film yeasts may develop on … pickles, including sours and dills — Crops in Peace & War >
  (2) : the primary taste sensation produced by acid stimuli
 b. : something unpleasant or distasteful
  < take the good with the bad, the sweet with the sour >
2. : an acid or acidic compound (as sodium fluosilicate) used in dilute water solution especially in bleaching or laundering to neutralize alkali and decompose any remaining bleach or soap — compare gray sour 2, white sour
3. : a cocktail made with spirituous liquor, lemon or lime juice, sugar, and sometimes also soda water, shaken in ice and strained, and often served garnished with a maraschino cherry and slice of orange
 < whisky sour >
 < gin sour >
III. adverb
(-er/-est)
Etymology: Middle English, from sour (I)
: sourly
IV. verb
(-ed/-ing/-s)
Etymology: Middle English souren, from sour (I)
intransitive verb
1.
 a. : to become sour : ferment, rot
  < made a start of yeast in that keg … by letting some dough sour in it — W.F.Harris >
  < there is no need for carpets to sour from cleaning — Boxoffice >
 b. : to become acid or unproductive — used of soil
2.
 a. : to become peevish or morose
  < a laughing girl, but she soured early and took to other ways — A.E.Coppard >
 b. : to lose interest : become disillusioned or fed up
  < prospective investors soured when they found the company would pocket most of the proceeds >
  — usually used with on
  < voters can sour on a man who runs too many times for the same office — J.A.Morris b.1904 >
 c. : to become impaired : go bad : deteriorate
  < could … feel his grief souring into jealousy and resentment — Elizabeth Enright >
  < relations with his neighbors suddenly soured over the situation >
transitive verb
1.
 a. : to cause to ferment
  < yeast is used to sour the wort for beer >
 b. : to cause to spoil or become acidulous
  < tainted vessels sour what they contain — Philip Francis >
 c. : to make sour
  < some grasses sour land >
2.
 a. : to cause to deteriorate : make distasteful : impair
  < career was soured by inability to get along with … his colleagues — Lynn Montross >
  < a taste of Africa during two hunting trips … soured him for city life — Newsweek >
 b.
  (1) : to make cross or gloomy : disgruntle, irritate
   < everything in the galley had gone adrift and soured the cook — Llewellyn Howland >
  (2) : to destroy the faith or enthusiasm of : disappoint, disillusion
   < refused to intervene … this soured many European idealists — Janet Flanner >
   — usually used with on
   < soured me on wealth, made me suspicious of the whole system — W.A.White >
 c. obsolete : to give a sour expression to
  < souring his cheeks — Shakespeare >
3. : to treat with a dilute acid solution especially in bleaching, dyeing, and laundering
4. : to macerate (lime) for plaster or mortar
Synonyms: see exacerbate
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更新时间:2024/12/24 10:40:13