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单词 spring
释义 spring
I. \ˈspriŋ\ verb
(sprang \ˈspraŋ, -aiŋ\ ; or sprung \ˈsprəŋ\ ; sprung ; springing ; springs)
Etymology: Middle English springen, from Old English springan; akin to Old High German springan to jump, spring, Old Frisian & Old Norse springa to jump, spring, Greek sperchesthai to hasten, Sanskrit spṛhayati he desires; basic meaning: to move fast, jump
intransitive verb
1.
 a.
  (1) : to undergo a sudden or violent change in place or position : dart, shoot
   < the sparks sprang upward as he stirred the fire >
  (2) : to have or display resiliency : move or be capable of moving by elastic force
   < the two halves sprang back together again — C.L.Carmer >
 b. : to become shattered or cracked : break, split
  < the veneer springs along the fracture — Andrew Wood & Thomas Linn >
 c. : to bend from a straight direction or plane surface : become warped
  (2) : to issue with speed and force : break out
   < the blood springs from the wound >
   < the tears spring from her eyes >
   : issue as a stream
   < out of these curiously shaped mounds springs an unflagging supply of water — George Farwell >
   < turned on the first shining water tap, and watched the water spring, streaming, from it — Kay Boyle >
3.
 a. : to grow as a plant
  < white heather springs on the mountainsides — Isabel Lawrence >
 b. : to issue by birth or descent
  < both parents sprang from wealthy landowners — Cecil Sprigge >
  < sprang from a comfortable corner of the English middle class — J.M.Cameron >
 s
 c. : to come into being : appear, arise, emerge
  < hope springs eternal in the human breast — Alexander Pope >
  < the horror springing up in his eyes as it came to him — J.B.Benefield >
  < towns sprang into being where cattle trails and stage lines met — American Guide Series: Texas >
  : proceed, result
  < her anxiety had sprung from a definite cause — Ellen Glasgow >
 d. archaic : to become visible : dawn
  < at five the golden light began to spring — John Keats >
 e. : to develop force : begin to blow — used with up
  < a breeze suddenly sprang up >
4.
 a. : to make a bound : move by means of a leap or leaps
  < sprang toward the door, but was intercepted in her intended flight — T.L.Peacock >
  < sprang across the stream, inviting those who shared his views to follow him — American Guide Series: Maine >
 b. : to start up suddenly (as from a covert)
 c. : to leap or jump up : rise suddenly from a resting position
  < I sprang to my feet, for anger had overtaken me — Edita Morris >
5.
 a. : to stretch out in height or length : extend
  < from its corners spring four slender minarets — Douglas Carruthers >
 b. of a vault or arch : to start rounding upward from the impost
  < from rich entablatures spring graceful arches supporting the vaulted ceilings — American Guide Series: Pennsylvania >
6.
 a. of a female domestic animal : to show signs of approaching parturition (as by dropping of the enlarged abdomen and swelling of the udder)
 b. of an udder : swell
transitive verb
1. : to cause to grow, arise, or develop
 < hoped it would rain very soon, to spring some new grass — Doris Lessing >
 < is sprung compellingly into life from a powerfully creative, romantic mind — Times Literary Supplement >
2.
 a. : to start (as game) from cover : cause to rise from the earth or from a covert : flush
  < spring a pheasant >
 b. : to put to a gallop
  < sprang his horse in front of the ranks — C.L.Carmer >
3.
 a.
  (1) : to undergo the splitting or cracking of
   < the ship sprang a mast >
  (2) : to bring about the splitting or cracking of
   < the wind sprang the foremast of the ship >
 b. : to undergo the opening of (a leak)
  < having grounded at the mouth of the river as a result of which it sprung a leak — Hispanic American Hist. Review >
  < the radiator sprung a leak — John Steinbeck >
4.
 a. : to cause to explode
  < the disturbance of the steamer's approach springing a myriad of these floating mines — William Beebe >
 b. : chamber 4
  < a borehole is sprung … by exploding in the bottom several charges of dynamite — Blasters' Handbk. >
5.
 a. : to cause to shift place or position suddenly : make leap up or start forward or out
  < the wind sprang some tiles from the roof >
 b.
  (1) : to operate or cause to operate by sudden pressure or movement
   < sprang the watchcase open >
  (2) : to cause to close or operate
   < spring a trap >
  (3) : to cause (a rattle) to sound by movement of a part
 c. : to apply or insert by bending
  < needed all his strength to spring in the bar >
 d. : to bend by force
  < spring the steel band >
 e. : to move, haul, or swing (a ship) by means of a spring line
  < to get under way spring the boat ahead — Manual of Seamanship >
 f. : to raise (the toe of a shoe last) above the ground line
6.
 a. : to start (a vault or arch) upward from the impost
 b. : to put up (an arch)
 c. : arch, curve
  < the dog's ribs are well sprung >
7. : to pass over by leaping
 < the horse sprang the narrow fence >
8. : to give, spend, offer, or pay out (money)
 < there's nothing really immoral about springing ten cents for a ball of twine — R.P.Smith >
9. : to produce or disclose suddenly or unexpectedly
 < the last page springs a surprise bit of fireworks no reviewer should mention beforehand — N.Y.Herald Tribune Book Rev >
 < my wife sprung a dinner party with nearly all my old secretaries on me — O.W.Holmes †1935 >
10. : to make lame : strain
 < its near leg was sprung a little, maybe from being worked too hard too young — William Faulkner >
 < sprang every blessed muscle in my … leg — John Buchan >
11. slang : to release or cause to be released from confinement, custody, or military service
 < there'd be a lawyer down there to spring him before I got the cell door shut — Leslie Ford >
Synonyms:
 spring, arise, rise, originate, derive, flow, issue, emanate, proceed, stem can mean, in common, to come up or out of something into existence. spring stresses sudden or surprising emergence, especially after a period of concealed existence or preparation
  < plants spring from seed >
  < the images that spring up in one's consciousness >
  < it is from the middle class that writers spring — Virginia Woolf >
  arise emphasizes chiefly the mere fact of coming into existence or notice, conveying the idea of a vagueness of prior state; when used with from it implies a causal connection between subject and object
  < an argument arose during the meal — Zechariah Chafee >
  < present uncertainties arise partly out of far-reaching changes in the American environment — J.D.Millett >
  < differences in English may arise from several causes — English Language Arts >
  rise and arise in this sense of to come into existence are often interchangeable, although rise may possibly carry some connotation of literal or figurative ascent
  < empires rise and fall within a single man's lifetime — Elspeth Huxley >
  < a church rose in the wilderness — American Guide Series: Connecticut >
  < from the South, at last, rose that bitter opposition which flowered in a bloody civil war — Carol L. Thompson >
  originate suggests a source of starting point, carrying the idea of inception at that source
  < at one time it was believed that man originated in America — R.W.Murray >
  < within its area of 84,682 square miles originate three great river systems — American Guide Series: Minnesota >
  < adult fears originating in childhood insecurity >
  derive also suggests a source, though it usually does not imply inception, usually presupposing a prior existence in another form, person, or thing, and connoting descent as by endowment, transference, deduction, imitation, or reproduction
  < the new playwrights derive from him — E.R.Bentley >
  < the principal income derives from coal mining — American Guide Series: Pennsylvania >
  < its criticism derives directly from English inspiration — Bernard Smith >
  flow emphasizes often the abundance of the supply, often the ease of provision or production
  < from the town's shaded public square flows justice — American Guide Series: Virginia >
  < masterpiece upon masterpiece flowed from his brush — advt >
  < a great generosity from which flowed gift after gift >
  issue suggests emergence into existence as from a womb, stressing somewhat a causal force
  < three conclusions at least issue from the perusal — T.S.Eliot >
  emanate applies chiefly to immaterial things, as law, principles, power, or thoughts, connoting the emergence or passage of something impalpable or invisible, suggesting less causal force that issue
  < the earlier reports which emanated from Dumbarton Oaks — Sir Winston Churchill >
  < the rain-drenched geranium bed, from which emanated an odor musky and sweet — J.C.Powys >
  < the impalpable aura of power that emanated from him — Osbert Sitwell >
  < the criminal organization … is extremely powerful, and part of its power emanates from the close-knit structure — D.W.Maurer & V.H.Vogel >
  proceed stresses place of origin, or, sometimes, parentage, derivation, or cause
  < proceeding from the premise that half the world does not know how the other half lives — Dun's Review >
  < the philosophic movement proceeded from little known thinkers and writers >
  stem suggests a growing out, as of a stem from a plant, and applies chiefly to things that come into existence through the influence of a predecessor, as a natural outgrowth or subordinate development
  < one of twenty-five in the class, all but four stemming from Maine — M.L.Ernst >
  < these influences … stem from warfare, from medicine, from the arts, from religion — D.J.Struik >
Synonym: see in addition jump.
II. noun
(-s)
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English; akin to Old Frisian spring, Old Saxon & Old High German gispring spring, Old English springan to spring — more at spring I
1.
 a. : a source of a body or reservoir of water (as of a river or well)
  < a flowing body that begins in a hundred trickles and runnels and springs high up in the mountains — Lewis Mumford >
 b.
  (1) : an issue of water from the earth : a natural fountain
   < everybody lived in dugouts or small log houses on springs or creeks — Bruce Siberts >
   < had to drill a well when their spring ran dry >
  (2) : a natural fountain having specified properties — usually used in plural
   < mineral springs >
   < sulfur springs >
   < hot springs >
  (3) : something that resembles a fountain
   < a spring of pity, of affection … suddenly welled up within her — Winston Churchill >
 c. : a flow or seepage (as of a mineral) from the earth
  < accumulations of oil which seeped to the surface in springs — Bliss Isely >
  < tar springs >
2.
 a. : a source of something; especially : a hidden or ultimate source
  < this habit of retirement to the inner springs of being — H.S.Canby >
  < a custom, a belief, and art, however deep down its springs, sooner or later rises into social consciousness — A.L.Kroeber >
 b. archaic : the beginning or first appearance of something
  < never since the middle summer's spring, met we — Shakespeare >
 specifically : dawn, dayspring
  < they arose early: and it came to pass about the spring of the day — 1 Sam 9:26 (Authorized Version) >
 c. : a first stage : a time or state of growth and development
  < this thirteen-year-old girl, in whose flat childish body the spring was beginning to stir — Edith Sitwell >
 d. : something that produces action or motion : cause, motive
  < laying open to his view the springs of action in both parties — T.L.Peacock >
  < the springs of human conduct — A.T.Weaver >
3. : an exceptionally high or low tide : spring tide
4.
 a. chiefly dialect : a grove of young trees : plantation
 b. chiefly dialect : a young undergrowth (as of trees or shrubs)
5.
 a.
  (1) : an elastic body or device that recovers its original shape when released after being distorted; specifically : one designed for some specific use (as to check recoil, to diminish concussion and jar, to store up energy) — see breguet hairspring, mainspring
  (2) : bedspring
 b. : a person likened to a spring (as in tension or contained energy)
  < a steel spring of a man — Claudia Cassidy >
6.
 a. : the act or an instance of leaping up or forward : bound
  < the cat made a spring at the mouse >
  < took the steps at one spring >
  < that sudden and inexplicable spring forward took place independently … in three different regions and cultures — T.I.Cook >
 b. : a low leap in which a dancer moves forward, backward, or sideward as weight is transferred from one foot to the other
 c. chiefly Scotland : a lively tune or dance
  < took the pipes, and played a little spring — R.L.Stevenson >
7. of teal : a small flock
8.
 a. : the season between winter and summer reckoned astronomically as extending from the March equinox to the June solstice
 b. : the season comprising the months of March, April, and May
 c. Britain : the season comprising the months of February, March, and April
 d. : the season reckoned astronomically in the southern hemisphere as extending from the September equinox to the December solstice
9.
 a. : capacity for springing : elastic power or force : elasticity, resilience
  < the ironing-out effect of passing trains on track which has a certain amount of spring in it — O.S.Nock >
  : bounce, buoyancy, energy
  < there was a new spring in their step — Bennett Cerf >
 b. : the action of flying back to a normal state or position from a sprung state or position
  < the spring of a bow >
10. : the point or plane at which an arch or vault curve springs from its impost
11.
 a. : a crack, fissure, or permanent deformation in a mast or yard
 b.
  (1) : a line led from a ship's quarter to its cable so that by hauling in or slacking the line the ship can be made to lie in any desired position
  (2) : a line led diagonally from the bow or stern of a ship to some point upon a wharf and made fast to aid in springing the ship in to the wharf
12. of a dog : roundness of ribs : the state of having the ribs well arched
13. : the furcula of a springtail
14. : a more or less flexible pipe bend or elbow designed to accommodate slight changes in length
15.
 a. : the variation of a shoe at the toe and arch from a horizontal line
 b. : a tension at the counter of a shoe caused by cutting the upper shorter at that place
16.
 a. : king salmon
 b. : a pelt or fur taken in the spring and usually no longer prime
Synonyms: see jump, motive
III. transitive verb
(springed \-riŋd\ ; or sprung \-rəŋ\ ; springed or sprung ; springing ; springs)
: to fit with springs
 < the ambulance … was the old kind, like a furniture van, but it was well sprung — Fred Majdalany >
 < there were springed bunks which folded into the wall — Bill Mauldin >
IV. noun
(-s)
Etymology: alteration of springe
chiefly dialect : noose, snare
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更新时间:2025/3/21 16:32:35