| 释义 |
stock
I. \ˈstäk\ noun
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English stok, from Old English stocc; akin to Old English stycce piece, Middle Dutch & Old High German stoc stick, stump, trunk of a tree, Old High German stucki piece, Old Norse stokkr block of wood, trunk of a tree, stykki piece, Middle Irish tūag ax, bow, tōcht part, piece, Sanskrit tujati, tuñjati he pushes; basic meaning: to push, strike
1.
a. : a stump of a tree
b. archaic : a log or block of wood
c. : something held to resemble a log or stump of wood in having no life or consciousness; specifically : idol — usually used in the phrase stocks and stones
< all our fathers worshiped stocks and stones — John Milton >
2. : a supporting framework or structure: as
a. : the support of the block in which an anvil is fixed or of the anvil itself
b. stocks plural : the frame or timbers on which a ship rests while under construction
< the old-time shipyard in whose stocks were built so many … men-o'-war — S.P.B.Mais >
< large ships would collapse in the stocks — S.F.Mason >
c. chiefly Scotland : the outer rail or edge of a bed
d. : the frame bearing the moving parts of a spinning wheel
e. : the casing surrounding and supporting a lock
f. : a frame in which an animal (as a horse or cow) may be slung or otherwise secured especially for shoeing
3. : a person who is dull, stupid, or lifeless like a block of wood
< they stood like stocks, stupidly listening — Dorothy C. Fisher >
4. stocks plural : a frame of timber with holes formerly used to confine the feet or the feet and hands of offenders commonly in a public place by way of punishment — compare pillory
5.
a. : the main stem of a plant : trunk
b.
(1) : a living plant or portion of a plant (as a root) designed or prepared for union with a scion in grafting and usually supplying solely or predominantly underground parts to a graft; also : the portion of a grafted plant derived from the stock
(2) or stock plant : a plant maintained primarily for the production of slips or cuttings
6.
a. : the crosspiece of an anchor which cants it so that one of the flukes may enter the ground — see anchor illustration
b. : the narrow part of a rudder above the blade
7.
a.
(1) : the source of a line of descent : the original progenitor : the original (as a man, a race, or a language) from which others have descended or have been derived
< one of … many sons might well become the stock of a new dynasty — E.A.Freeman >
(2) obsolete : the original source from which something is derived
< the sun, the stock of light — Thomas Fuller >
b.
(1) : the progenitor of a family and his direct descendants : the whole group of descendants of one individual : a line of descent : family, lineage
< she comes of good stock >
(2) : a compound organism : a colony of individuals (as of interconnected zooids) — compare clone
c. : an infraspecific group usually having unity of descent:
(1) : a major anthropological division or primary race of mankind
< the main stocks of mankind are usually held to be the Caucasoids, Mongoloids, and Negroids >
(2) : a race, subrace, or group of ethnically closely related people
< the Hamite stock of northern Africa >
d. : the living constituents of a biological group
< the stock of a strain >
e.
(1) : a related group of languages
(2) : a language family
8. obsolete : trunk 1b
9. chiefly dialect : stocking — see netherstock, upperstock
10.
a. obsolete : a sum of money set apart for a specific purpose (as to provide for expenses)
b. obsolete : capital for investment or direct use in a business : principal as distinguished from interest
c. obsolete : something constituting an endowment for a son or a dowry for a daughter
d. archaic : basis, grounds — usually used in the phrase upon the stock of
11. : the block of wood from which a bell is hung
12.
a. : the equipment, materials, or supplies (as of a farm or railroad)
< inspectors who report on the sufficiency of the works and stocks of railways — Homersham Cox >
— see dead stock, livestock, rolling stock
b. : livestock
13.
a. : the wooden part into which the barrel, receiver, and action of a rifle or shotgun are fitted and by which the piece is held for firing
b. stocks plural : the often wooden parts fitted to the frame of a handgun to form the grip — compare buttstock, tipstock
c. : the connecting arm between slide and shoulder piece in rapid-fire guns
d. : the long beam of general rectangular shape which forms the basis of the carriage body in field-gun carriages being securely fastened to the axletree, forming the connection with the limber in traveling, and affording the necessary third point of support when the gun is fired
14. archaic
a. : property that produces income : assets
b. : the aggregate wealth of a nation
15. : a hive of honeybees
16. : the wooden or iron beam of a plow to which the handles, share, colter, moldboard, and landside are secured
17.
a.
(1) : the portion of a pack of cards not distributed to the players at the beginning of various games
(2) : boneyard 3
b. obsolete : hand
18. : the hub of a wheel
19. chiefly Britain : the capital that a firm employs in the conduct of business (as trading or investing)
20.
a. : the part of a tally formerly given to the creditor in a transaction; specifically : the part given in the English exchequer to the person having lent the monarch money on account
b.
(1) : the debt or fund represented by such a stock or a series of such stocks; specifically : the debt or fund due from a government or a private company or corporation to individuals for money loaned at interest and not divided into shares but instead being divisible and transferable in any amount desired not involving divisions smaller than a specified sum — compare consol, municipal security
(2) chiefly Britain : a debt, fund, or capital bearing interest at a given rate percent in perpetuity and characterized by the principal not being payable unless at the option of the debtor
c. : a specific debt or fund of such character
d. : a security representing such a debt or fund — usually used in plural
21. : a quantity of something accumulated for future use : a store or supply to be drawn upon
< lay in a stock of provisions >
< a girl should have … stocks of lovely clothes — Robertson Davies >
< its members … put everything into a common stock — Norman Goodall >
< his own contribution to the general stock of knowledge — Benjamin Farrington >
22. : a block of wood or metal frame which constitutes the body of a plane and in which the plane iron is fitted : a plane stock
23. obsolete : money invested by a person in a company or partnership
24.
a. : any of various pubescent European and Asiatic herbs and subshrubs that constitute the genus Matthiola, bear racemes of usually sweet-scented flowers with 4 long-clawed petals, and include numerous forms chiefly derived from the southern European species (M. incana) which are widely cultivated as ornamentals — see brampton stock, ten-week stock
b. : virginia stock
25. : the butt or handle of an implement (as a whip, hunting crop, or fishing rod)
26.
a. : the store of goods held by a merchant or manufacturer : the supply on hand : inventory
b. : a quantity (as of completed parts or finished product) held especially in a storeroom ready for delivery to customers
< no publishers' stocks remain of the German edition — British Book News >
c. : the supply of plants or of seeds of a kind of plant in a nursery, greenhouse, seed house, or other horticultural establishment
27.
a. : a wide band or scarf worn about the neck commonly by men during the 18th century and often wrapped twice around and tied in front with a knot
< wearing a pearl stickpin in his stock — Hamilton Basso >
b. : a piece of material worn by some clergymen attached to a clerical collar and covering the chest
28.
a. : the proprietorship element in a corporation divided into shares and represented by transferable certificates and giving to the owners a pro rata interest in the assets, the earnings, and except where withheld in the charter the voting power of the business — compare capital stock, common stock, convertible, cumulative, fully paid, guaranteed stock, no-par, par, participating stock, preferred stock, redeemable
b. : the proprietorship element of a particular corporation
< high quality growth stocks >
c. : a share of such stock
d. : a security representing such a share
29. Britain : a hard solid brick that has been pressed in a mold — usually used in plural
30. : liquid in which meat, fish, or vegetables are simmered and which is used as a basis for soup, stew, gravy, or sauce
31.
a. : a beater in a fulling mill for cloth
b. stocks plural : a fulling mill for cloth
32. : the handle or contrivance by which bits are held in boring : bitstock, brace
33. : the shorter of the two pieces comprising a square (as a carpenter's square)
34. : an estimate, evaluation, or appraising survey of something (as of one's position, resources, or prospects)
< he took stock and sought … to pick up the threads of his business — Milton Bracker >
< the council … took stock of the situation — F.L.Paxson >
35. : a holder for a threading die and especially for any of a graduated set of dies for cutting screw threads on bolts and usually having a pair of relatively long handles
36. : a small metal container for holy oil used especially in the Roman Catholic Church
37.
a. : raw material from which something is manufactured : the basic material used in making or producing something
< paper stock >
< film stock >
— see soap stock
b. : wood used in the construction of something : lumber
< the saw will cut round stock to 3/4 in. in diameter — Industrial Equipment News >
c. : petroleum oil partly or completely refined that is to undergo further processing
38. : confidence, faith, or value in something
< put little stock in his testimony >
< take no stock in abstract rights — O.W.Holmes †1935 >
< did not at first take much stock in it — M.R.Cohen >
39. : a body of igneous rock that is smaller than a batholith and intruded upward into older formations and that in ground plan is roughly circular or elliptical but in cross section may increase downward
40. stocks plural : a machine for softening hides by beating or kneading
41.
a. : the stump of a coppice which is expected to furnish new sprouts
b. : growth of a specified kind constituting a forest cover
42. : material supplied to a break roll or reel in flour milling
43. : stockpile 2
44.
a. : stock company
b. : the production and presentation of plays by a stock company
< the beginning of resident stock in Seattle — American Guide Series: Washington >
< played bit parts in summer stock — S.T.Williamson >
< sold for films or released for stock — N.Y.Times >
45. : the anterior individual of a chain of asexual annelid worms of Nais or related genera
46.
a. : stuff 2c
b. : wet pulp at any point in the manufacturing process
c. : paper on hand or in storage
47. : a post bearing a holy-water vessel
48. : the estimation in which someone or something is held
< his stock with the electorate remains high — Newsweek >
49.
a. : stock car 2
< racing modified stocks — W.L.Gresham >
b. : a race involving stock cars
< winners … in the Class B stocks — Springfield (Massachusetts) Union >
Synonyms: see variety
•
- in stock
- off the stocks
- on the stocks
- out of stock
II. verb
(-ed/-ing/-s)
Etymology: Middle English stokken, from stok, n.
transitive verb
1. : to put (as a culprit) in the stocks : punish by confinement in the stocks
2. archaic : to dig or root up : extirpate — often used with up
3. : to make pregnant (a female domestic animal) : impregnate
4. : to provide (as a rifle, anchor, or bell) with a stock : fit to or with a stock
5. archaic : to make an investment of (funds) : put (capital) out at interest : invest
6. : to provide with stock : equip with a stock of something : supply with material requisites : furnish with appropriate items
< retailers stocked their shelves conservatively — Dun's Review >
< he stocked the farm with … Hereford cattle — American Guide Series: Maine >
< a bar … stocked with gins and liquors — Scott Fitzgerald >
< stock a stream with trout >
< a good sound head … well stocked with ideas — Rose Macaulay >
— sometimes used with up
< stock up the place with … new specimens — H.L.Davis >
7. : to let (a cow) retain milk for hours before sale to display the udder to advantage
8. : to lay up a stock of : keep on hand especially for sale : get or have (as merchandise) in stock
< stores that stock everything from plowshares to lamp chimneys — American Guide Series: Arkansas >
< most bookshops do not stock encyclopedias — Evelyn Kirkland >
9. : to put (playing cards) into a pack especially in such a way as to arrange for the purpose of cheating : stack
10.
a. : to graze livestock on (as pasture)
b. : to graze (livestock) on land and especially grassland
11. : to issue shares in or stocks of (a business enterprise)
12. : to stamp or knead (as hides) with or as if with stocks in leather manufacturing
13. : to deliver (logs) from the woods to a railroad or to a mill
14. : to rough-machine with a stocking cutter
intransitive verb
1. : to send out new shoots — used especially of the crown of a plant or a severed trunk or branch
2. : to put in stock or supplies — usually used with up
< stock up for the holiday trade >
< stock up on supplies >
3. : to swell or become swollen — used of a horse's legs and especially of the part between the pasterns and the hock
III. adverb
Etymology: Middle English stok, from stok, n.
: completely — used in combination
< stood stock-still >
< struck stock-dumb >
IV. adjective
Etymology: stock (I)
1. : used or employed for constant service or application as if constituting a portion of a stock or supply : kept regularly in stock or ready for sale or for immediate use
< a stock size of paper >
< a stock model of an automobile >
< cars must be clean and stock — Illustrated Speedway News >
< a stock size >
2.
a. : suggesting something regularly kept in or as if in stock or ready for use : commonly used or brought forward : standard
< the stock answer to all these complaints — Nation >
< humor depending upon stock situations — American Guide Series: Tennessee >
< the stock responses of the slick fictionist — L.O.Coxe >
< a stock jest among English gentlemen — V.L.Parrington >
b. : commonplace, conventional, trite
3.
a. : kept for breeding purposes : brood
< a stock mare >
< a stock bull >
b. : devoted to the breeding and rearing of livestock especially beef cattle, horses, sheep, and hogs
< a stock farm >
c. : used by or intended for the use of livestock
< stock range >
< stock train >
< stock water >
4. : of, relating to, or having the characteristics of a stock company
< other plays which did not figure as stock favorites — D.J.Rulfs >
< stock actors >
5.
a. : employed in handling, checking, or taking care of the stock of merchandise on hand (as in a store or factory)
< a stock girl >
< a stock clerk >
b. : containing the stock
6. : suitable for fattening
< stock cattle >
V. \ˈshtäk, ˈstäk\ noun
(-s)
Etymology: German, from Old High German stoc stick, stump, trunk of a tree — more at stock I
: stick; especially : one used by skiers — sometimes used in combination
< alpenstock > |