| 释义 |
in·te·gra·tion
\ˌintəˈgrāshən\ noun
(-s)
Etymology: Latin integration-, integratio act of renewing, act of restoring, from integratus (past participle of integrare to renew, integrate) + -ion-, -io -ion — more at integrate
1. : the act, process, or an instance of integrating : the condition of being formed into a whole by the addition or combination of parts or elements
2.
a. : a combination and coordination of separate and diverse elements or units into a more complete or harmonious whole
< the automobile is an integration of a multitude of machine parts — C.C.Furnas >
< large-scale integration of efforts — Oscar Handlin >
b. : a unification and mutual adjustment of diverse groups or elements into a relatively coordinated and harmonious society or culture with a consistent body of normative standards
< most urban communities possess some degree of integration around primary group norms — Kimball Young >
< the total integration of any given culture about its technology — David Bidney >
c. : the organization of teaching matter to interrelate or unify subjects usually taught in separate academic courses or departments
< through integration it is possible to teach science, health, and safety as part of the regular program — E.J.Goebel >
d. : an arrangement usually on a hierarchical basis of functions or units of an organization to promote coordination and responsibility
< the need for administrative integration at the county level — C.F.Snider >
< an integration of units previously scattered … in departments or otherwise — F.A.Ogg & P.O.Ray >
e. : an incorporation into society or an organization (as a public school) on the basis of common and equal membership of individuals differing in some group characteristic (as race)
< ordered integration of all white and Negro troops in the armed forces — New Republic >
< the native Polynesian group that strongly objects to integration with Europeans — New York Times >
< a positive integration of the African into the South African community — Margaret Ballinger >
f.
(1) : the coordination and correlation of the total processes of perception, interpretation, and reaction ensuring a normal effective life
< failure of association and failure of integration take place among neurotic individuals — R.M.Dorcus & G.W.Shaffer >
(2) : a harmonious coordination of the behavior and personality of an individual with his environment
< she attempts to enter the world of her fellow teenagers, and after many mistakes she achieves such integration — Eleanor Scott >
g. : the establishment of close cooperation among or some degree of unification of distinct entities (as countries or groups of countries) especially in a specific area (as trade or defense)
< West European integration is the first condition for the survival of every country concerned — William Petersen >
< the … proposal for the economic integration of Europe into one single market — Current Biography >
h. : the unified control of a number of successive or similar economic especially industrial processes formerly carried on independently
< integration may result in important cost reductions >
3. : the operation of finding a function of which the integrand is the derivative of a function or of solving a differential equation
4. : the sum of the processes by which the developing parts of an organism are formed into a functional and structural whole
< at the molecular level of integration many studies are needed — Science > |