英语词汇“absolute”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

单词	absolute
释义	ab·so·lute I. \ˈabsəˌlüt also -əlˌyüt or ˌ ̷ ̷ ̷ ̷ˈ ̷ ̷; usu -üd.+V\ adjective (sometimes -er/-est) Etymology: Middle English absolut, from Latin absolutus, from past participle of absolvere to set free, absolve — more at absolve 1. obsolete : absolved, free < absolute from necessity > 2. a. : free from imperfection or fault : perfect < equally absolute is his meticulous taste in choosing the books — Christopher Morley > b. : free or relatively free from admixture : pure < absolute alcohol contains one per-cent or less of water > : outright, thoroughgoing, unmitigated < absolute villainy > < an absolute lie > 3. : marked by freedom from restraint or control by any governing or commanding agent or instrumentality: as a. : having supreme power effectively or formally without constitutional or other restrictions < an absolute ruler > b. : marked by extreme concentration of complete power and jurisdiction < an absolute government > < an absolute dictatorship > c. : proceeding from or characteristic of an absolute ruler or state < absolute edicts > < absolute power > d. : possessing or marked by absolute power : in sole control < a ship captain absolute on the high seas > e. : absolutist 4. : characterized by the lack of a particular (as the normal or usual) syntactical connection: a. (1) of a case form : syntactically connected with the rest of its sentence in an atypical manner < a nominative that is not the subject of a finite verb or a genitive that is not dependent on another substantive is an absolute nominative or an absolute genitive > — see ablative absolute, accusative absolute, genitive absolute, nominative absolute (2) : standing by itself in loose syntactical connection with the rest of its sentence and qualifying the sentence as a whole rather than any single word in it < anyhow in “anyhow, there is still time to catch the train” and to say the least in “to say the least, this procedure is unusual” are absolute constructions > b. of an adjective or possessive pronoun : standing alone without a modified substantive < blind in “help the blind”; ours in “your work and ours” are absolute > < ours is the absolute form of our > c. of a comparative or superlative : expressing a relatively high or an unsurpassed degree without definite comparison to any other under view < older in “an older person should be treated with respect”; greatest in “I have the greatest confidence in him” are absolute > d. of a verb : having no object in the particular construction under consideration though normally transitive < kill in “if looks could kill” is an absolute verb > ☞In this dictionary absolute verbs are treated as intransitive e. in Irish and Welsh verb inflection : belonging to or characteristic of a verb that is not preceded by any of a particular set of particles nor compounded with a preverb < the absolute form > < an absolute ending > — opposed to conjunct 5. : free from conditional limitation : operating or existing in full under all circumstances without variation or exception : complete < an absolute requirement > < an absolute prohibition > < absolute agreement > < absolute freedom > < experience proved that man's power of choice in action was very far from absolute — Henry Adams > 6. : free from doubt: as a. obsolete : convinced and certain b. : positive, unquestionable < absolute proof > < absolute facts > < absolute standards of righteousness — Rose Macaulay > c. : peremptory < an absolute command > 7. a. : independent of arbitrary standards of measurement < an absolute coefficient in an equation > b. : having reference to or derived in the simplest manner from the fundamental units of length, mass, and time < absolute electric units > c. : relating to the absolute-temperature scale < 10° absolute > 8. : free from qualification: as a. : final and not liable to modification or termination : full < an absolute denial > < an absolute resignation > < absolute divorce > < absolute ownership > < rights that even seem absolute have these qualifications — O.W.Holmes †1935 > b. : total < absolute loss > < absolute perfection is denied to us humans — M.R.Cohen > < calm and absolute assurance — Arnold Bennett > < absolute master of the raciest elements of the vernacular — J.L.Lowes > c. of democracy : direct II 4b 9. a. : free of relationship or relativity : not compared : not dependent on or modified or affected by circumstances or by anything outside itself < an absolute term in logic > < truth … is no absolute thing, but always relative — John Galsworthy > b. : fundamental, ultimate, intrinsic : self-contained and self-sufficient : free from the variability and error natural to human perception and human ways of thinking < God's absolute knowledge > 10. : perfectly realizing or typifying the nature of the thing in question < absolute justice > < absolute hate > < the abstract of beauty absolute — P.E.More > 11. a. : concerned entirely with the expression of beauty or of pure feeling and devoid of meaningful reference < absolute poetry > — see absolute music b. of the dance : relying on the medium of the human body for the expression of an idea independent of music, costumes, and stage sets Synonyms: autocratic, arbitrary, despotic, tyrannical, tyrannous: absolute indicates the fact of having or constituting complete power or authority without external restraint or control < he ruled as an absolute monarch > < it was possible for Signor Mussolini to be made absolute managing director (Dictator or Duce) of the Italian nation — G.B.Shaw > < they held their subjects with an absolute hand as all communistic leaders do — F.M.Brown > autocratic and autocratical, likewise designating complete, unchecked power, may be derogatory in implying overwhelming domination or imperious attitudes < autocratic prerogatives could be exercised, under the president, by military officers authorized to arrest without warrants, imprison, and mete out penalties at the drumhead — Charles & Mary Beard > < let the emperor turn his nominal sovereignty into a real central and autocratic power, subjecting every rebel city and noble — Hilaire Belloc > arbitrary is often derogatory in suggesting caprice, unreason, and lack of consideration in exercising power < as absolute a master of all their professional actions as ever was the most arbitrary general of the professional actions of his soldiery — W.H.Mallock > < irresponsible in its unrestraint, the majority vote may easily outdo an Oriental despot in arbitrary rule — V.L.Parrington > < that arbitrary idealism which knows no law — Josiah Royce > despotic is likely to imply imperious and oppressive misuse of absolute power < a despotic government based on fear or blind obedience is a state of slavery — M.R.Cohen > < his manner was imperious, and his administration had been arrogant and despotic — Willa Cather > tyrannical and tyrannous, always quite condemnatory, imply cruel, harsh oppression by an absolute ruler or power < the tyrannical rule of Porfirio Díaz, who reduced his own people to peonage while he sold out his country to foreign mining and business interests — Allan Nevins & H.S.Commager > < I remember recent instances where tyrannical judges sitting in local courts rode roughshod over the civil liberties of defendants charged with crime — W.O.Douglas > Synonym: see in addition pure. II. noun (-s) 1. : something that is absolute: a. : something that is independent of human perception, valuation, and cognition b. : something that is not dependent on anything else (as the Spinozistic substance, the first cause, or the primordial) — usually used with the 2. usually capitalized a. : one of various concepts: as (1) : absolute ego (2) : the underlying unity of spirit and nature b. : the whole of reality considered as the final or total fact : that totality to which everything may be reduced or which in the estimation of its proponent constitutes the ultimate or final referent — usually used with the 3. : a concentrated natural flower oil used in perfumery < absolute of rose > as a. : a concentrate prepared by removal of plant waxes from a concrete (sense 5) b. also absolute of enfleurage : a concentrate obtained in the enfleurage process by removal of the alcohol from alcoholic extracts of the pomade
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