| 释义 |
sweat
I. \ˈswet, usu -ed.+V\ verb
(sweat \“\ ; or sweated \-ed.ə̇d, -etə̇d\ ; or dialect swat \ˈswät, also -wȯt; usu -äd.+V\ ; sweat or sweated or dialect swat ; sweating ; sweats)
Etymology: Middle English sweten, from Old English swǣtan, from swāt sweat; akin to Old Frisian & Old Saxon swēt sweat, Old High German sweiz, Old Norse sveiti, Latin sudor sweat, sudare to sweat, Greek hidrōs sweat, Sanskrit svidyati, svedate he sweats
intransitive verb
1.
a. : to excrete moisture in visible quantities through the openings of the sweat glands : perspire
b. : to labor in such a manner as to cause perspiration : work hard : drudge
< some can absorb knowledge, the more tardy must sweat for it — T.S.Eliot >
< now the machines do all the sweating — A.H.Raskin >
< grunt and sweat under a weary life — Shakespeare >
2.
a.
(1) : to emit or exude moisture
< green plants sweat when closely packed >
< cheese in ripening sweats >
(2) : to exude oil or other liquid
< a varnish that sweats >
(3) : to exude nitroglycerin — used of dynamite in which nitroglycerin separates from its adsorbent
b. : to gather surface moisture in beads as a result of condensation
< stones sweat at night >
< the glass is sweating >
c.
(1) : ferment — used especially of tobacco or cacao beans
(2) : putrefy — used especially of hides
3.
a. archaic : to suffer an infliction or penalty
b. : to undergo anxiety or mental or emotional distress
< grieve and sweat to think of all the time we have let go by and fear disappointments still — O.W.Holmes †1935 >
4. : to become exuded through pores or a porous surface : ooze
< the surplus moisture will sweat out >
< the oil coat may sweat through this varnish >
transitive verb
1. : to emit or seem to emit from pores : exude
< the flowers sweat dew >
2.
a. : to manipulate or move by hard physical effort
< two sooty men intently occupied in sweating a tire on the wheel — Cliff Farrell >
< machine gunners sweated their weapons up the hill — Georg Meyers >
b. : to produce by hard work or drudgery
< sweated out one novel after another >
< stood in front of her cookstove sweating up supper — P.E.Green >
3.
a. : to get rid of or lose by or as if by sweating or being sweated — usually used with away or off
< sweated away three pounds in the steam room >
b. : to reduce the excess weight or bulk of by or as if by sweating — used with down
< novel about the peacetime army, sweated down to a fine, muscular picture — Time >
4. : to make wet with perspiration
< the white shirt and pants he had bought himself … were sweated through — Vicki Baum >
5.
a. : to cause to excrete moisture from the skin
< his physicians sweated him >
b. : to drive hard : overwork
< he sweated his crew unmercifully, to prepare them for any emergency >
c. : to exact work from at low wages and under unfair or unhealthful conditions
< the good employers would have either to sweat the workers like the bad ones, or else be driven out of business — G.B.Shaw >
d. slang : to give the third degree to
< advise sweating her with everything the police have got — J.M.Cain >
6. : to cause to exude or lose moisture: as
a. : to dry thoroughly (as wood in a charcoal pit)
b. : to subject to fermentation (as tobacco leaves or cacao beans)
c. : to putrefy (sheepskins or hides) by exposing to warm, humid air so as to loosen the wool or hair
7. : to extract something valuable from by unfair or dishonest means : bleed, fleece; specifically : to remove particles of metal (a coin) by abrasion
8.
a.
(1) : to heat (as solder) so as to melt and cause to run especially between surfaces to unite them
< sweat soft solder into seams >
(2) : to unite by such means
< sweat a gold pen to an iridium point >
b.
(1) : to heat so as to extract an easily fusible constituent
< sweat bismuth ore >
(2) : to extract (oil and low-melting material) by heating a substance
< sweat oil out of crude paraffin wax >
(3) : to cause (as paraffin wax) to sweat
< scale wax that has been further sweated to specific melting point ranges — J.B.Tuttle >
c. : to expose (citrus fruit) to a high temperature to hasten the coloring
d. : to apply heat to : steam
< sweat the finely chopped onions in half the butter until tender — Food & Cookery Review >
9. : to hoist, haul, or set (as a sail or rope) as flat or taut as possible — usually used with up
•
- sweat blood
II. noun
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English swet, sweet, from sweten to sweat
1. : hard work : drudgery
< the engines … saved wages and they saved sweat, but they killed prices — Thomas Wood †1950 >
2. : the fluid excreted from the sweat glands of the skin : perspiration
< in the sweat of your face you shall eat bread — Gen 3:19 (Revised Standard Version) >
3. : moisture issuing from or gathering in drops on the surface of any substance or object
< sweat formed on the cold pitcher >
< the sweat of hay in a stack >
4.
a.
(1) : the condition of one sweating or sweated
< he was in a sweat from fear >
< apples spoiled by sweat >
(2) : a spell of sweating
< a good sweat and a cold shower to freshen you up >
b. : abnormally profuse sweating in some conditions or diseases — often used in plural
< soaking sweats >
c. : an exercise given a horse before a race
5. : something that induces or promotes perspiration : sudorific
6. : a sweating process; specifically : a natural fermentation that takes place during the aging of tobacco and makes it more aromatic and pliable
7. : a state of worry or impatience
< the average audience is in such a sweat to learn about the future — W.L.Gresham >
8. : chuck-a-luck
9. : sweatband 1
10. chiefly Britain : soldier — used especially in the phrase old sweat
< real old sweats with tattooed arms — John Masters >
•
- no sweat
III. transitive verb
1. slang : to worry about
< I can't sweat the little things — Johnny Cash >
2. slang : harass, annoy, bother
IV. noun
1. sweats plural : sweat suit
2. sweats plural : sweat pants |