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单词 accidental
释义 ac·ci·den·tal
I. \|aksə|dentəl\ adjective
Etymology: Middle English, from Middle French, from accident + -al
1. : arising from or produced by extrinsic, secondary, or additional causes or forces : not innate, intrinsic, or of the real nature of : nonessential
 < some of the colors were mineral, in the rock itself: but others were accidental due to water from the melting snow — T.E.Lawrence >
 < whether this paralogistic procedure is essential or accidental to his doctrine — T.H.Green >
2. : occurring sometimes with unfortunate results by chance alone:
 a. : unpredictable : proceeding from an unrecognized principle, from an uncommon operation of a known principle, or from a deviation from normal
 b. : happening or ensuing without design, intent, or obvious motivation or through inattention or carelessness
  < accidental collision >
  < accidental shooting >
  < accidental loss >
3. : having reference to a logical accident : not essential : contingent, extrinsic
 < being dark-haired is an accidental property of a man — Arthur Pap >
4. : relating to an accidental in music or to its prefixed sign
5. of a bird : found outside the normal geographic range or season
 < a common migrant, accidental in winter >
Synonyms:
 fortuitous, adventitious, contingent, casual, incidental: when it is used in reference to events, accidental may stress lack of intent or indicate an unusual operation of natural causes
  < so plain that Thady's presence … was accidental, and that the attack could not have been premeditated — Anthony Trollope >
  In reference to qualities, accidental indicates absence of an essential or innate characteristic
  < their search for the typical and their avoidance of anything that might be considered accidental — John Dewey >
  fortuitous stresses chance and minimizes the idea of definite analyzable cause
  < I do not look upon public events either as fortuitous or absolutely derivable either from the wisdom or folly of man — William Cowper >
  adventitious stresses the extrinsic, additional, irrelevant, or nonessential
  < regular repetition of forms, uniformly spaced, the architect depending only upon adventitious ornamentation for variety — John Dewey >
  < in works of imagination and sentiment … meter is but adventitious to composition — William Wordsworth >
  contingent stresses unpredictability and uncertainty, especially in future events
  < countless contingent difficulties … many of which must necessarily arise, though the exact nature of them could not be anticipated — J.A.Froude >
  It also indicates dependence on something else for existence or occurrence
  < the resistance that we may meet with is contingent on the enemy's continued strength >
  incidental stresses a secondary or minor nature, regardless of manner of origin
  < war … the comprehensive business of the German … to the British … was an incidental adventure — H.G.Wells >
  casual stresses dependence on chance and lack of prearrangement or predictability
  < it was no casual reencounter. He had been enticed into the place — J.A.Froude >
  < the causal allusion, the chance reference — Henry Adams >
  casual and incidental may indicate occurrences actually planned and intended but presented as if by chance
  < the pupil must be aroused … his curiosity must be awakened by an incidental explanation, a casual remark — C.H.Grandgent >
II. noun
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English, from accidental, adjective
1. logic : a nonessential property
2. : nonessential
3.
 a. : a chromatically altered note (as a sharp or flat) in a musical composition that is usually foreign to the key indicated by the signature
 b. : the prefixed sign (as ♯ or ♭) indicating a chromatically altered note
4. : warp ends not usually included in the treadling pattern in hand weaving
5. : a fingerprint showing two or more pattern types or other peculiarities making classification difficult
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更新时间:2024/11/15 2:56:16