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单词 descent
释义 de·scent
I. \də̇ˈsent, dēˈ-\ noun
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English, from Middle French descente, from descendre to descend — more at descend
1. : the act or process of descending from a higher to a lower level, rank, or state
 < a parachute descent >
 < during their descent of the ski run >
 < some thirty-two separate rapids and cataracts in its final furious descent — Tom Marvel >
 < descent by chromatic intervals >
 < ascent and descent between the physical and spiritual worlds — Times Literary Supplement >
2.
 a. : a decline or comedown in station, respectability, or living conditions
  < the descent to being junior partners of the newcomer to world power — D.W.Brogan >
  < descent of the family to actual shabbiness >
 b. : a stepping down or stooping to an inferior level (as of intellectual elevation, dignity, self-respect)
  < look around among my books for a further descent from philosophy to literature — O.W.Holmes †1935 >
  < descent from self-justification to self-deception >
  < a sudden descent … from the sublimity of his highfalutin critical terminology — Times Literary Supplement >
 c. logic : passage from the more general to the more particular
3.
 a. : derivation from an ancestor : birth
  < only three alternatives are known, namely, patrilineal, matrilineal, or bilateral descent, and every culture incorporates one of these rules or some combination thereof — G.P.Murdock >
 usually : the established connection between an individual and his progenitors or the stock from which he is descended : extraction, lineage
  < of Pilgrim stock, eighth in descent through his mother from a governor of the colony >
  < people of Polish descent >
 b. obsolete : descendant
  < our descent … born to certain woe, devoured by death — John Milton >
 c. : transmission or devolution of an estate by inheritance usually but not necessarily in the descending line
 d. : the fact or process of originating by generation from an ancestral stock (as a species or genus)
 e. : the shaping or development in nature and character by transmission from a source : derivation, origination
  < the home of an active legal science which could trace a faint but sure descent from Roman law — R.W.Southern >
  < there was a line of descent from these ideas to the Fascist movement — Cecil Sprigge >
  < native American voices tracing their descent from the Know-Nothings of yesterday — T.H.White b.1915 >
4.
 a. : an inclination downward : an inclined or sloping surface : declivity
  < it appears that the water is broken nowhere by striking against the rocks, and that therefore the descent is perpendicular — Anthony Trollope >
 b. : a descending way (as a downgrade or stairway)
 c. obsolete : the lowest part
  < from the extremest upward of thy head to the descent and dust below thy foot — Shakespeare >
5.
 a. : a sudden disconcerting appearance (as for a visit)
  < unprepared for the descent of his in-laws >
 b. : a hostile raid or predatory assault
  < the descent of the Assyrians upon Israel >
  < descent of the locusts >
6. : a step downward in a scale of gradation; specifically : one generation in an ancestral line or genealogical scale
 < his pedigree shows 11 descents >
7. : a former method of distillation in which the material was heated in a vessel having its outlet underneath so that the vapors produced were forced to descend
II. \(ˈ)dē|sent\ transitive verb
Etymology: de- + scent (n.)
: to rid of scent
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更新时间:2024/9/21 23:26:33