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单词 mean
释义 mean
I. \ˈmēn\ adjective
(-er/-est)
Etymology: Middle English mene, from imene, from Old English gemǣne; akin to Old High German gimeini common, Gothic gamains, Latin communis; all probably from a prehistoric western Indo-European compound whose first constituent is represented by Latin com- and whose second constituent is akin to Latin munus service, gift, Sanskrit mayate he exchanges — more at co-
1. now dialect Britain : held or done in common
2. : destitute of distinction or eminence : common, low, humble
3. : destitute of power or acumen : ordinary, inferior
 < a man of mean intelligence >
4. : of little value or account : of poor or inferior quality or status : worthy of little or no regard : shabby, contemptible
 < the meaner quarters of the town >
 < living in mean circumstances >
5. : lacking dignity of mind : low-minded : ignoble, base : destitute of honor
 < a mean motive >
6. : penurious, stingy, closefisted
 < mean hospitality >
7.
 a. : characterized by petty selfishness or malice : contemptibly disobliging or unkind
  < a mean surly man >
 b. : tending to harass or distress by reason of vexatious characteristics or conditions
  < a mean soil to work >
  < a mean place to drive a car in >
 c. slang : of a kind to impress (as an adversary or an observer) : excellent, effective
  < pitches a mean curve >
  < dances a mean tango >
8.
 a. : lowered in self-esteem : ashamed
  < his ready cooperation made me feel mean for what I had said >
 b. : sick, unwell, indisposed
  < felt thoroughly mean with a cold >
II. adverb
(-er/-est)
: in a low, petty, or contemptible way
 < acted mean to us >
 < a narrow mean-thinking busybody >
III. verb
(meant \ˈment\ ; or archaic meaned ; meant or archaic meaned ; meaning ; means)
Etymology: Middle English menen, from Old English mǣnan; akin to Old High German meinen to have in mind, Old Slavic mēniti to mention, consider
transitive verb
1. : to have in the mind especially as a purpose or intention : purpose, design, intend
 < houses are meant for use >
 < means to make it difficult for you >
 < meant to come home early >
2. : to serve or intend to convey, show, or indicate : signify, denote, express
 < what do you mean by such conduct >
 < these words mean nothing to me >
3. : to have significance or importance to the extent or degree of : count for
 < health means everything >
 < a happy home means much to a child >
 < music means little to me >
 < success without recognition means nothing to him >
 < her happiness meant the world to him >
4. : to intend for or direct to a particular individual
 < his criticism is meant for all of us >
 < do you mean this for me >
intransitive verb
1. : to have an intended purpose — used chiefly with well or ill
 < meant well but seldom carried anything to a conclusion >
2. obsolete : talk, speak, tell
3. obsolete : to hold an opinion : think
Synonyms:
 mean, denote, signify, and import can have, in common, the sense of to convey (an idea, an interpretation, and so on) to the mind or understanding. mean is the most common and general in carrying the basic sense, although it can often connote evaluation or appraisal; in applying to a term it involves the term's full content
  < to understand what foreign words mean >
  < what a person's actions mean >
  < disunion, incoherence and inconsistency mean failure in design — C.W.H.Johnson >
  < to understand what an obligation means >
  < the term “beauty” can mean many things >
  denote can contrast with signify in having as its subject something that serves as an outward sign or visible indication; in application to a term it implies the limited and defined designation of a term disentangled from connotation or unessential association
  < slumped into a chair near the doorway, his posture denoting complete exhaustion — L.C.Douglas >
  < that curious love of green, which … in nations is said to denote a laxity, if not a decadence of morals — Oscar Wilde >
  < the best way to show what a term denotes is to point at the object it stands for >
  signify can contrast with denote in having as its subject something of a symbolic or representative character; it can also carry a stronger implication of the importance of the conveyed meaning; in application to a term it stresses the symbolic relationship between term and idea
  < he had hopes that her demure and reticent deportment signified that the effervescence of youth had evaporated — Robert Grant †1940 >
  < the third figure, with a background of plow handles and mining tools, signifies agriculture and mining — American Guide Series: Michigan >
  < the loss of his wife signified more than he could ever put into words >
  < the term “bread and butter” signifies the material necessities of life >
  import can carry the idea of offering for comprehension or intellectual grasp, often, however, being virtually interchangeable with signify; in application to a term it can stress the implications involved in the term's interpretation as distinct from its denotation
  < the radical ideas imported little to conservative readers except the idea of outrageous thinking >
  < though a term's denotation may be matter of fact, in its connotations the term may import revolution >
Synonym: see in addition intend.

- mean business
IV. verb
(-ed/-ing/-s)
Etymology: Middle English menen, from Old English mǣnan to lament, mourn for, from (assumed) Old English mān lamentation, moan — more at moan
transitive verb
1. now chiefly Scotland : to complain or lament over : resent
2. now chiefly Scotland : pity
3. now chiefly Scotland : to present as a complaint
intransitive verb
chiefly Scotland : lament, complain, bemoan
V. noun
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English mene, from menen to complain or lament over
now chiefly Scotland : lament, complaint
VI. noun
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English mene, from Middle French meien, moien, from Old French, from meien, moien, adjective — more at mean VII
1.
 a. : something (as a step, stage, connection) intervening, intermediate, or intermediary
  < so do I wish the crown, being so far off and so I chide the means that keep me from it — Shakespeare >
 b. or meane
  (1) : the middle voice in 14th century fauxbourdon; broadly : the middle (as alto or tenor) part of a harmonized musical composition
  (2) : the alto of a consort of viols
  (3) : one of the middle strings of a viol
   < great mean >
 c. : a middle point or something that is in or near a middle point : something that falls between extremes (as of place, time, number, rate): as
  (1) : something (as prudence, temperateness) that is intermediate between excess and deficiency and represents moderation
   < the moral mean is no mathematical mean between extremes, but is, in any given case, relative to persons and places — Lucius Garvin >
  (2) Confucianism : the course of moderate action between extremes in the development of the virtues of temperance and prudence
  (3) Buddhism : the middle way : the course of moderation between asceticism and self-indulgence
 d.
  (1) : a quantity of the same kind as the members of a set that in some sense is representative of them all and that is located within their range in accordance with a set rule
  (2) : the mean value of a variable between given limits
  (3) : either of the middle two terms of a proportion
2.
 a. : something by the use or help of which a desired end is attained or made more likely : an agent, tool, device, measure, plan, or policy for accomplishing or furthering a purpose — usually used in plural but sing. or plural in constr.
  < secure peace by honorable means >
  < the justification of barbarous means by holy ends — H.J.Muller >
  < means … for keeping the prices of building materials high — T.W.Arnold >
  < a continuous belt is a means of power transmission from one shaft to another >
 b. obsolete : mediator, intercessor, go-between — sometimes used in plural but sing. in constr.
 c. obsolete : favorable condition : opportunity
3. means plural : resources (as of force or wealth) available for disposal : material resources in such supply as to form the basis for an economically secure and sheltered life
 < a man of means >
broadly : wealth, money
4. obsolete : meantime
Synonyms:
 instrument, agent, instrumentality, organ, medium, vehicle, channel: mean or means, the latter now the common form in all uses, is a very general term applicable to anything employed in performing or executing some end
  < the habit of regarding the laboring class as a mere means to the maintenance of the rest — G.L.Dickinson >
  < the principal means of transportation was … Afghan camels — Herbert Hoover >
  < language as a means of social control — J.B.Carroll >
  < faith in science as a means … to knowledge and grace — F.B.Millett >
  instrument may suggest a certain ready applicability to the matter under consideration rather than only the bare fact of use, and with reference to people susceptibility to use or willingness to be used
  < tariffs and immigration restriction are chief instruments of this economic nationalism — J.A.Hobson >
  < the American public school as an instrument for strengthening the spirit of national unity — J.B.Conant >
  < extremes of corruption were reached — and here again the eunuchs were sinister and convenient instruments — Owen and Eleanor Lattimore >
  agent in reference to natural phenomena may designate an inner capability and suggest only incidentally, if that, its being used; in reference to matters personal and social it stresses being directed by another in his interest but lacks other suggestion or value notion
  < the bee makes honey, the spider secretes a filament; you can hardly say that any of these agents believes — T.S.Eliot >
  < her great lords, spiritual and temporal … the agents of her will — Henry Adams >
  < an unconscious agent in the hands of Providence when you recalled me — Willa Cather >
  instrumentality may suggest the fact of serving as an instrument but in today's English it is likely to suggest a means or agency which is a minor part of a larger entity or under the control of a subsuming organization
  < in the American colonies, the newspapers were a major instrumentality throughout the entire struggle for independence — F.L.Mott >
  < governments or subdivisions or instrumentalities thereof — U.S. Code >
  organ suggests a functioning part of a larger especially organic whole, or more specif., a means of communication, especially a controlled or proprietary one
  < the Council of State was a small body that met with the king three times a week, and it was the pivotal organ of government — Stringfellow Barr >
  < the Journal is the organ of the American Medical Association >
  medium indicates an intermediate means, especially a means of conveyance or communication, in connection with the latter a favored or accustomed means
  < he had now in the periodical a medium for his delicate poetic talent — S.T.Williams >
  < each medium says something that cannot be uttered as well or as completely in any other tongue — John Dewey >
  vehicle likewise indicates a means of conveying or communicating; it may be more specific and tangible than medium
  < Roosevelt's speeches were … the vehicle by which he set in motion tremendous social and moral forces — H.L.Hopkins >
  channel suggests a course or path of transmission or communication more forcefully than a means
  < a petition was drafted, signed by sixty-seven scientists, and sent through proper channels to the President of the United States — Harrison Brown >
Synonym: see in addition average.

- by all means
- by any means
- by means of
- by no means
VII. adjective
Etymology: Middle English mene, from Middle French meien, moien, from Old French, from Latin medianus — more at median
1. : occupying a middle position : occurring between the limits or extremes: as
 a. obsolete : intermediate in space
 b. : intermediate in order, rank, or status
  < the mean term of a syllogism >
 c. : intermediate in time
 d. : intermediate in kind or degree
  < pursue a mean course in politics >
2. : occupying a position about midway between extremes: as
 a. : near the average or norm
  < of a mean stature >
 b. : of a moderate degree of excellence : middling, mediocre
3. : serving as a means : intermediary
4. : having an intermediate value between two extremes : average
 < the mean high tide is 8 feet >
VIII. adverb
Etymology: Middle English meane, from meane, mene occupying a middle position, intermediate — more at mean VII
1. obsolete : moderately
2. obsolete : comparatively less
3. obsolete : so as to fall between
IX. transitive verb
(-ed/-ing/-s)
Etymology: Middle English menen, from mene, n. — more at mean VI
obsolete : mediate
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更新时间:2025/3/21 4:51:40