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单词 universal
释义 uni·ver·sal
I. \|yünə|vərsəl, -və̄s-, -vəis-\ adjective
Etymology: Middle English universel, universal, from Middle French, from Latin universalis, from universus entire, whole + -alis -al — more at universe
1. : including or covering all or a whole collectively or distributively without limit or notable exception or variation
 < universal human weakness — T.S.Eliot >
 < most of the twigs, pearled with water, were patterned very naked against universal gray — John Galsworthy >
2.
 a. : present or occurring as indicated throughout the whole world : encountered everywhere
  < universal as the air — Samuel Rogers >
 b. : existent or operative as indicated everywhere or under all conditions
  < far from being infrequent, the crystalline state is almost universal among solids — K.K.Darrow >
 c. : having effectiveness, power, or action through a salient part of the world
  < a universal state, in the shape of the Roman Empire — A.J.Toynbee >
3. : pertinent to or inclusive of all or much of mankind:
 a. : practiced, observed, or occurring throughout all peoples or groups or a great many of them : commonly or unanimously followed, approved, or subscribed to by a people or group
  < petty gambling is nearly universal — W.C.Brownell >
  < feudalism was not so universal there … as in the north — H.O.Taylor >
  < universal cultural patterns >
 b. : marked by width and inclusiveness : embracing a very wide range of interests or pursuits : comprehensively broad and versatile
  < a universal genius. He wrote … logic, rhetoric, poetics, physics, botany, zoology … — Frank Thilly >
 c. : designed for general or worldwide use or applicability
  < interested in ideas of universal citizenship, in Esperanto and Ido and universal languages — H.G.Wells >
4. : relatively unrestricted in application : of general relevance: as
 a. of a logical proposition : affirming or denying something of all members of a class
 b. : constituting a general term capable of denoting every member of a class
 c. : common to all members of a class
  < food is a universal need of living beings >
  < color is a universal attribute of visible objects >
5. : of, relating to, or involving the totality of a person's legal rights and liabilities
 < a universal partnership >
— compare universal succession
6. : adapted or adjustable to meet varied requirements (as of use, shape, or size)
 < a universal gear cutter >
— compare universal joint, universal motor, universal vise
7. : of, relating to, or constituting a universal
Synonyms:
 cosmic, ecumenical, catholic, cosmopolitan: universal is likely to suggest that which is worldwide rather than pertinent to or characteristic of the whole universe; it is often further narrowed to refer to the world of men and human affairs or to important or significant parts of this world. It is likely to indicate a unanimity or conformity of practice or belief or a broad comprehensiveness
  < no other theory which has won universal acceptance — Laurence Binyon >
  < the universal favor with which the New Testament is outwardly received — H.D.Thoreau >
  < replaced a philosophy which was crude and raw and provincial by one which was, in comparison, catholic, civilized and universal — T.S.Eliot >
  cosmic is used to suggest matters pertinent to the whole universe as opposed to the earth, especially in suggestions of infinite vastness, distance, or force
  < sardonic phantoms, whose vision is cosmic, not terrestrial — J.L.Lowes >
  < the great cosmic rhythm of the spirit which sets the currents of life in motion — Laurence Binyon >
  ecumenical applies to situations involving people throughout the whole world or all people in groups or divisions as indicated, often in religious contexts
  < the incorporation of all the broken fragments of the former Iranic and Arabic societies into the wholly different structure of a Western World which has grown into an ecumenical “Great Society” — A.J.Toynbee >
  catholic may stress an attitude involved, as well as a fact, in including, comprehending, or appreciating of all or many peoples, places, or periods
  < he was a catholic nature lover. The tropics, the desert, the tundra, the glaciers and the prairies all found a place in his heart — D.C.Peattie >
  cosmopolitan may imply an understanding and appreciation of other lands, sections, nations, or cities coming about through personal experience in traveling or living elsewhere; it often contrasts with provincial
  < one of the most entertaining and most cosmopolitan of novelists. Born in Tuscany, he was educated in New England, England, Germany, and Italy, became interested in Sanskrit, edited a newspaper in India — Carl Van Doren >
Synonyms:
 generic, general, common: universal implies applicability to each one of a whole and usually precludes significant exception
  < a prehistoric and universal principle that the burden of defense should rest upon all able-bodied males — G.G.Coulton >
  < habits both universal among mankind and peculiar to individuals — F.H.Allport >
  generic applies to that which characterizes every individual in a category or group and may suggest further that what is designated may be thought of as a clear and certain classificatory criterion
  < erect pointed ears are generic among foxes >
  < natural that the preaching of men of all religious categories — except ranters — should have a generic likeness — Douglas Bush >
  general is used to refer to all, nearly all, or the great majority of a class, type, group, or number; it is less inclusive than universal and less precise in suggestion than generic
  < ethylene has come into general but not yet universal favor with surgeons — A.C.Morrison >
  < nightfall brings about a general upward movement of the animal species, each striving to attain its optimum illumination — W.H.Dowdeswell >
  common indicates frequency, applicability to a majority, usually without being an identifying or classifying attribute; it may suggest a certain participation, sharing, mutual relationship, tendency to group together
  < the common, the perpetually repeated mistake of judging the savage by the standard of European civilization — J.G.Frazer >
  < crowds … swept along by a common animating impulse — Laurence Binyon >
II. noun
(-s)
1. : the whole of something specified : a thing in its entirety — used with the
2. : one that is universal (as in power, currency, interest, scope, or applicability): as
 a.
  (1) : a universal proposition in logic — called also abstract universal; compare concrete universal
  (2) : a predicable of traditional logic
  (3) : a general concept or something in reality to which it corresponds : an abstract and general term or something denoted by such a term : the essence of a particular logical genus : abstraction
 b. obsolete : a remedy affecting or altering the entire bodily mechanism
 c. obsolete : universe
 d.
  (1) : a pattern or mode of behavior existing in all cultures
   < the institution of the family is a universal in human culture >
  (2) : a culture trait characteristic of all normal adult members of a particular society
3. : a metaphysical being (as the ego or self) that preserves or evinces an identity of nature through a series of changes or as embodying different relations
 < self-consciousness, wherein the universal, or self, is the organic total of the facts of consciousness — Josiah Royce >
— compare concrete universal
III. adverb
: universally
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更新时间:2024/12/24 7:13:00