| 释义 |
burn
I. \ˈbərn, ˈbə̄n\ noun
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English burn, bourne — more at bourn
1. Britain : stream, brook, rivulet
2. chiefly Scotland : water; especially : water used in brewing
II. \ˈbərn, ˈbə̄n, ˈbəin\ verb
(burned \-nd\ ; or burnt \-nt\ ; or archaic brent or dialect British brunt ; burned or burnt or archaic brent or dialect British brunt ; burning ; burns)
Etymology: Middle English birnen, brinnen, brennen, barnen, from Old English byrnan (intransitive), bærnan (transitive); akin to Old High German brinnan to burn (intransitive), brennen to burn (transitive), Old Norse brenna, brinna (intransitive), brenna (transitive), Gothic brinnan (intransitive), -brannjan (transitive), Latin fervēre to boil, Greek porphyrein to surge, Sanskrit bhurati he quivers
intransitive verb
1.
a.
(1) of fire : to consume fuel and give off light, heat, and gases
< a small fire burns on the hearth >
(2) of a light source : to give off light
< headlights burning bright >
b. of fuel : to be on fire : undergo combustion
< even green ash burns well >
c. : to contain a fire — used of stoves, furnaces, or other devices in which fire is customarily shielded
< the stove is burning brightly >
2.
a. : to be hot as if on fire
< the sand burning under the torrid sun >
b. : to become excited by a specified emotion or feeling
< burning with curiosity >
as
(1) : to yearn ardently
< he burned to tell the story >
< burning to get out into the country >
(2) : to become excited sexually
< better to marry than to burn — 1 Cor 7:9 (Authorized Version) >
— often used with for
(3) : to be or become very angry or utterly disgusted
< when I heard what he had done I really burned >
— usually used with up
< they burned up for fair over his statement >
3.
a. : to appear as if on fire : glow brightly
< windows that burn in the setting sun >
< zinnias burning along the fence >
b. : to produce a sensation of heat
< the blood burned in her cheeks >
c. : to produce or undergo discomfort suggestive of the pain accompanying a burn
< iodine burns so >
< the old scar throbbed and burned >
sometimes : sting, tingle
< our ears are burning with the cold >
< my arm burned where her softness had passed — Herbert Gold >
4.
a. : to become altered by the action of fire or heat
< coal burning in the stove >
especially : to become charred, scorched, seared, or consumed by excessive heat
< the potatoes burned to a crisp >
b. : to become affected as if by fire: as
(1) of the skin : to become reddened or irritated by or as if by exposure to sun or wind
(2) of herbage : to become desiccated or withered
(3) of crop plants : to wither or discolor as a result of chemical damage due to excessive or improper use of fertilizers or sprays and dusts
(4) of a rubber compound : scorch
5.
a. : to die by fire especially through execution by burning
b. : to die in the electric chair
c. : to become damned
6. : to force or make a way by or as if by burning — used with into
< her words burned into his memory >
7. : to be hot in search of an answer or object
8. of a chemical element : to undergo fission or fusion
< uranium burns by absorption of neutrons >
< hydrogen burns to form helium >
transitive verb
1.
a. of fire : to consume as fuel in burning — often used with adverbs or phrases of degree or direction
< their house was burned down last Saturday >
< if lightning strikes, the haystack will be burned up in no time >
b. : to cause to undergo combustion
< burn iron in oxygen >
c. : to employ as a source of light or heat
< we shall burn oil this year >
< this hotel burns gas for all cooking and heating >
d. of fires or firing devices : to require or use as fuel
< this stove burns coal or wood >
< the new system burns cheap heavy oils >
2. : to produce by the action of fire or heat
< you'll burn a hole in your sleeve >
< supplementing their income by burning charcoal for the smelters >
3.
a. : to subject to the action of or cause to be consumed by fire
< we burned up all the rubbish >
< pile and burn the brush as you go >
as
(1) : to execute by burning
< heretics burned by the church >
broadly slang : electrocute
(2) : to make an offering of (as incense) by burning
(3) : to mark (as a criminal) by branding
(4) slang : damn
< well, I'll be burned >
b. : to injure by fire or heat : alter a property of by undue exposure to fire or heat : scorch, scald, blister, sear, singe, char
< burn steel in the forging >
< grass burned brown by the sun >
< the cook burned the roast >
< look out, you'll burn your fingers >
c.
(1) : to produce a comparable effect upon by an agent other than fire or heat (as by certain radiations, chemicals, or friction)
< the sun burned his shoulders badly >
< overfertilization may burn the plants >
< his face chapped and burned by the wind >
(2) of a rubber compound : scorch
d. : to subject to the action of fire or heat for some economic purpose (as for the alteration or elimination of undesired qualities; specifically : to transform by the action of controlled fire or heat
< burn clay to bricks >
< burn wood into charcoal >
— compare calcine
4.
a. obsolete : to inflame with emotion or passion
b. slang : irritate, annoy
< the constant bickering burned her >
— usually used with up
< he burns me up >
c. slang : cheat, befool, do
< he surely burnt me over that deal >
5.
a. : to wear out : diminish, exhaust
< his anger is burning him up >
b. : waste, squander, dissipate — usually used as an infinitive
< money to burn >
c. : to traverse or cause to traverse at high speed — usually used with up
< burn up the road >
< burned up the international cables — Cameron Hawley >
6.
a. : to touch or move (a piece) in a manner forbidden by the rules of a game
b. : to expose and then turn (a playing card) face up on the bottom of the pack
c. : to throw (as a baseball) very hard
< he burned a fast one over the plate >
7. : to join (pieces of metal) by flowing molten metal through or over the joint to be fused until adjacent surfaces soften and unite with the added metal — often used with in, on, or together; compare lead-burn
8. : to cause (a plating) to become dark or rough because of change in physical or chemical character usually by exposure to excessive current
9. : to cause (a chemical element) to burn
Synonyms:
char, sear, scorch, singe: burn is a general term usable in any situation in which fire or heat has had a positive destructive effect and consequently interchangeable with any of the following except singe in some of its uses. char indicates a burning that reduces to carbon or to cinder
< only a few charred planks remaining after the conflagration >
< a third-degree burn occurs when the flesh is charred >
sear typically indicates burning through quick exposure to high heat, with resulting cauterizing, closing of tissues, deadening, branding, or unforgettably impressing
< searing the tissues with an electric needle >
< the roast was first seared, then cooked slowly >
< the searing effect of the first atomic bombs >
scorch indicates superficial burning of exposed surface or area, burning which changes color or texture without consuming
< the paint on the garage was scorched by the bonfire >
< the potatoes at the bottom scorched when the pan went dry >
singe implies quick passing over or otherwise exposing to a flame with extremely superficial burning, often with burning only of an integument like hair or feathers
< some of the coats on the rack were singed >
< his hair was singed when the gas flared up >
< to singe a chicken before cooking it >
•
- burn a hole in one's pocket
- burn daylight
- burn one's bridges
- burn one's ears
- burn one's fingers
- burn the books
- burn the candle at both ends
- burn the midnight oil
- burn the water
- burn the wind
III. noun
(-s)
1. : an injury, damage, or effect produced by burning (as with fire):
a. : bodily injury resulting from exposure to heat, caustics, electricity, or certain radiations, marked by varying degrees of skin destruction and hyperemia often with the formation of watery blisters and in severe cases by charring of the tissues, and classified according to the extent and degree of the injury as first degree, second degree, or third degree
b.
(1) : brand 3a(1)
(2) : branding iron
c. : a burned area
< a burn on the table top >
especially : an area denuded of vegetation by burning produced deliberately (as in land-clearing) or by chance
< poplars coming in on an old burn >
d. : an abrasion (as of the skin) having the appearance of a burn
< friction burns >
< cold burn >
< a floor marred by rubber burn >
e. : a burning sensation or appearance
< the burn of iodine on a cut >
< the ruddy burn of her hair >
2.
a. : the process, operation, or result of burning
< bricks properly baked have a good burn >
b. : an instance of burning; specifically : burning of vegetation from the surface of land
< the rate of deterioration after a severe burn was about the same for spruce, balsam, and jackpine — Biological Abstracts >
3. : the capacity of ignited tobacco to continue burning without producing a flame
4. : a worn place on a railroad rail caused by the friction of spinning engine drivers
5. slang : anger; especially : increasing fury — used chiefly in the phrase slow burn
IV. transitive verb
1. : to use up : consume
< burn calories >
2. : to beat or score on (an opposing team or player)
< burned the defense with a touchdown pass >
3. : to subject to misfortune or mistreatment — often used in passive
< burned in love >
< banks burned by the financial collapse >
V. noun
1. : the firing of a rocket engine in flight
2. slang : an instance of dishonest dealing : swindle : gyp |