英语词汇“by”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

单词	by
释义	by I. \\|bī also especially bef cons bə\ preposition Etymology: Middle English, preposition & adverb, from Old English be, bī, preposition, & bī, adverb, by, near; akin to Old High German bī by, near, Gothic bi by, about, at, Latin ambi-, amb- on both sides, around, Greek amphi around, Sanskrit abhi to, toward 1. a. : in proximity to : in the immediate neighborhood of — used of place or position: (1) : at the side or edge of : near < the tree by the fence > < a cottage by the sea > < sat by him on the train > (2) : close to or on (one's person) : within easy reach of : about < kept the rabbit's foot by him day and night > b. : in the general region of < they commonly commanded both by sea and land — John & William Langhorne > 2. a. : along, over, through < the family drove to the farm by the old highway > < came from the garden by a path > < entered the house by the back door > (1) : along the surface or through the medium of < went to Europe by water and returned by air > (2) : in passing along < was cozened by the way and lost all my money — Shakespeare > b. (1) now dialect : at or to the home of < am going by Grandma for a week > (2) : at or into (as another's house) on passing < he came by the house for a few minutes yesterday > c. : in the direction of : toward — used especially of points of the compass < sailed north by east > d. : into the presence of : close to < we are not to stay together but to come by him where he stands — Shakespeare > e. : into the vicinity of and beyond : past < drove rapidly by the church > < went by him without saying a word > 3. a. : during the course of : within the period of < worked by day and studied by night > b. archaic : for a specified period of time — used especially in the phrase by the space of < by the space of three years I ceased not to warn everyone — Acts 20:31 (Authorized Version) > c. : not later than (a specified time) : at or before < expected to arrive by two o'clock > < ought to be here by now > d. dialect England : after < seventeen minutes by noon > 4. a. : through the means or instrumentality of < put to death by the sword > < a town taken by force > b. : through the direct agency of < put to death by the executioner > < ordered by the captain to stand guard > < a poem written by Keats > c. : through the medium of (an indirect or subordinate agent) < represented by his deputy > < votes by proxy > d. : through the work or operation of (as natural agencies) < changes wrought by time > < eaten away by corrosion > < came to the right house by luck > e. (1) : born or begot of < had two sons by his first wife > < children by her second husband > (2) in animal breeding : sired by f. : in consequence of : as a result of : through < blunders of foreign policy by which Austria declined … from a great and stable power to a satellite — Hugh Seton-Watson > g. — used as a function word to indicate something that forms an accompanying setting or condition < ate by candlelight > or that constitutes a manner < began by criticizing the style of the poem > often with an added sense of means < the case went by default > 5. : with the witness or sanction of : in the presence of — used especially in oaths < by heaven I'll know thy thoughts — Shakespeare > < swear by all that is holy > 6. a. : in conformity or harmony with (as a standard of action) < judged them by our customs > < he plays by the rules > b. : according to — used especially with verbs of calling and naming < call him by whatever name you choose > c. : according to (as a unit of measurement) < sold beef by the pound > < works by the hour > < workers paid by the piece > 7. a. : on behalf of — used especially to indicate direction of effort < did his duty by his country > < did his best by his family > b. : on the basis of (as a distinction or classification) : in the matter of : with respect to < a Kansan by birth > < a lawyer by profession > 8. a. : in or to the amount or extent of — used in expressions involving comparison to indicate an amount or degree of excess or increase or of deficiency or decrease especially in space, time, quantity, or weight < won the race by two yards > < missed the train by five minutes > < carried his ward by 80 votes > < lighter by six pounds > < better by far > b. now chiefly Scotland : in comparison with : beside < was but as a fly by an eagle — Shakespeare > 9. — used as a function word to indicate a succession of units or groups of the same class < they left the party two by two > < the snow fell flake by flake > < count by 5s to 100 > < he succeeded little by little > 10. a. chiefly Scotland : in addition to : over and above : besides < few folks ken o' this place … there's just twa living by myself — Sir Walter Scott > b. now chiefly Scotland : outside the range or sphere of : beyond — often used in combination with an adjective or adverb < my father was a man of by-ordinary mildness — Margaret Oliphant > 11. a. now chiefly Scotland : contrary to : despite < I could not deny him but was forced by myself to give — Samuel Pepys > b. obsolete : against < for I know nothing by myself — 1 Cor 4:4 (Authorized Version) > 12. a. — used as a function word in multiplication to connect multiplicand and multiplier < multiply 15 by 12 > b. — used as a function word to indicate two or more dimensions in measurements < a room 20 feet by 12 > — compare x IV 13. : in the opinion of : from the point of view of < it's O.K. by me > • - by oneself - by the bye II. \\|bī\ adverb Etymology: Middle English, preposition & adverb 1. a. : near at hand : in the immediate neighborhood < they live close by > — often used in combination with a noun < others of the … by-sitters put various questions — Nathaniel Hawthorne > b. : at or to another's home < he stopped by for a few minutes yesterday > 2. : to and beyond a point near at hand : past < the parade had gone by when I reached the corner > — often used in combination with a noun < each window has blinds to prevent the by-passers from looking in — Robert Southey > 3. a. : off to one side : aside, away < put her sewing by when he came in > b. : in reserve for future use : in store < had laid enough by for his old age > 4. archaic : over and above : besides 5. : in the past < in days gone by > III. adjective or bye \“\ Etymology: Middle English by, from by, adverb 1. : aside especially in position or direction : out of the way : off the beaten track < the mule preferred the high road to the by one — Robert Southey > < nothing can be more by and unfrequented — Samuel Richardson > — often used in combination with a noun < would slip into the next shop or by-passage to avoid them — John Dryden > 2. : aside especially in purpose or importance : incidental, secondary < the by effect may be unfavorable — William Paley > < too serious a work to be undertaken in a by way — John Ruskin > — often used in combination with a noun < the by-productions of a busy man — J.R.Lowell > 3. chiefly Scotland : done with : past, over IV. noun or bye \“\ (plural byes) : something of secondary importance : a side issue — now used chiefly in the phrase by the by V. intransitive verb byed ; byed ; bying ; bys \ˈbīz\ Etymology: probably from by, adverb : pass 12a(1) VI. noun (plural bys \ˈbīz\) Etymology: probably from by, adverb : a pass in certain card games (as bridge) VII. or bye Etymology: by shortening : good-bye — used interjectionally often with now < by now >
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