英语词汇“discipline”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

单词	discipline
释义	dis·ci·pline I. \ˈdisəplə̇n, -ˌplin sometimes -splə̇n\ noun (-s) Etymology: Middle English, from Middle French & Latin; Middle French discipline, descepline, from Latin disciplina, literally, teaching, instruction, alteration of discipulina, from discipulus pupil — more at disciple 1. obsolete : teaching, instruction, tutoring 2. : a subject that is taught : a branch of learning : field of study < such traditional disciplines as history, literature, political science — W.R.Steckel > 3. : training or experience that corrects, molds, strengthens, or perfects especially the mental faculties or moral character < will submit willingly to severe discipline in order to acquire some coveted knowledge or skill — Bertrand Russell > < the valuable intellectual discipline of close research into a limited topic > < needs the discipline of hard work and early rising > < to learn to dance is the most austere of disciplines — Havelock Ellis > 4. : punishment: as a. : chastisement self-inflicted as mortification or imposed as a penance or as a penalty b. : an instrument of chastisement; specifically : whip, scourge c. : punishment by one in authority especially with a view to correction or training < schoolboys kept in line by floggings and other severe discipline > 5. a. : control gained by enforcing obedience or order (as in a school or army) : strict government to the end of effective action < maintained the strictest discipline in the barracks and the field > b. : behavior in accordance with the rules (as of an organization) : prompt and willing obedience to the orders of superiors : systematic, willing, and purposeful attention to the performance of assigned tasks : orderly conduct < commended the discipline of these veteran troops > < lack of discipline was made plain by the students' listless, apathetic recitation > also : behavior (as of students or soldiers) regarded in terms of its conformity with an ideal or actual code or set of rules < poor discipline > < good discipline > c. : conduct in accordance with a self-imposed rule or set of rules : self-control, self-restraint < with a remarkable discipline she avoided all reference to this incident in the pages of her diary > < the sixty-six-pound free luggage allowance … forces me into a discipline in selecting what to take along — Richard Joseph > 6. : a rule or system of rules governing conduct or action : system of regulation < in these revolutions the disciplines, such as food rationing, either collapsed or near-collapsed — Herbert Hoover > as a. : a body of laws relating to conduct and church government : practical rules as distinguished from dogmatic formulations < to introduce the Presbyterian polity and discipline > b. : a body of purely ecclesiastical laws or practices that may be altered to meet new conditions < changes in the Roman Catholic discipline relating to fasting > 7. a. : an orderly or regular pattern of behavior < watching the discipline of the tides, with their evident rhythm — Clare Leighton > b. : method, approach < argued that the discipline of science differs from that of the humanities > II. transitive verb (-ed/-ing/-s) Etymology: Middle English disciplinen, from Middle French & Late Latin; Middle French discipliner, from Late Latin disciplinare, from disciplina 1. : to inflict suffering on or to penalize for the sake of discipline, regularity, order, or rule: as a. : to whip or punish corporally in order to subjugate, mortify, or inflict penance on < saw a dozen wretched creatures disciplining themselves with whips > b. : to punish or penalize in any way often by infliction of extra tasks or by loss of privileges < cadets disciplined by confinement to quarters > c. : to inflict ecclesiastical censures and penalties upon 2. : to train by instruction or exercise (as for the performance of some task) < attention which modern education does not discipline the majority of our citizens to give — R.M.Weaver > < endless practice … had disciplined his muscles and nerves into beautiful coordination — P.B.Sears > : train (the mental faculties) in habits of order, sobriety, and precision < a disciplined mind > < a disciplined imagination > : make effective by restraint < so disciplines his writing as to make every word count — Coleman Rosenberger > 3. a. : to bring (a group) under control : govern strictly : train to habits of order : drill < poorly armed and disciplined troops > b. : to impose order or measure upon : bring into order < the enormous, confused, and unruly material has … been disciplined into a single coherent narrative — Walter Millis > Synonyms: see punish, teach
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