| 释义 |
cit·i·zen
\ˈsid.əzən, -itə- also -əsən\ noun
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English citizein, from Anglo-French citezein, alteration of Old French citeien, from cité city + -ien -ian — more at city
1.
a. : an inhabitant of a city or town; especially : one that is entitled to the civic rights and privileges of a freeman
b. : a townsman as contrasted with a rustic
< both citizens and peasants >
2.
a. : a member of a state : one who is claimed as a member of a state
b. : a native or naturalized person of either sex who owes allegiance to a government and is entitled to reciprocal protection from it and to enjoyment of the rights of citizenship
< all persons born or naturalized in the U.S., and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside — U.S. Constitution >
— compare alien, subject
3. : a resident in or member of a community or institution (as a school) — compare inhabitant
4. : a civilian as opposed to a soldier, policeman, or other specialized servant or functionary of the state : a commoner without the interests or affiliations of any special group
< not only by professionals but also by parents and citizens — J.B.Conant >
Synonyms:
subject, national: citizen may indicate being a member of a sovereign state, especially one showing democratic forms and usages, owing it allegiance, and, usually, sharing in individual political rights. subject may imply a state of subjection to a person, as a monarch, without much sense of membership in a political community or sharing in political rights
< the line of distinction between the citizen and the subject, the free and the subjugated races — R.B.Taney >
It may on the other hand simply indicate membership in a political community with a personal sovereign to whom allegiance is owed
< subjects of Saxon Aella — William Wordsworth >
national, a more general word, may apply to anyone owing permanent allegiance to a nation and usually indicates one belonging to a broad category that includes both people who are legally citizens or subjects and also people who have not attained such legal status
< Polish nationals in this country > |