| 释义 |
closed
I. \ˈklōzd\ adjective
Etymology: Middle English, past participle of closen to close
1.
a. of a vehicle : having a permanently enclosed body with stationary back, side panels, and top
b. : structurally enclosed or closed in
< a closed porch >
< a closed freight car >
< a closed stairway >
c. : covered over
< bake in a closed dish >
d. : blocked up or blocked in
< closed valleys >
e. : barring or barred to traffic
< illegally entering a closed port >
< a closed street >
f. phonetics : checked
g. : kept secret
< a closed file on suspects >
< the closed ballot >
h. of the face of an animal : covered especially with wool or hair
i.
(1) : covered by unbroken skin
< closed fracture >
(2) : not discharging pathogenic organisms to the outside
< a case of closed tuberculosis >
— compare open
j. : not free : covered — used of a tone in music, specifically a tone of the upper register; opposed to open
2.
a.
(1) : forming a self-contained unit admitting of no additions
< a closed collection of documents >
< organisms are not self-sufficient closed systems — Weston La Barre >
(2) of habitats or communities : so completely stocked as to offer no opportunity for additional kinds of organisms to enter and establish themselves
< a closed association >
b. : lacking boundaries and having no point or element that has an infinite coordinate — used of lines, surfaces, and extents of any number of dimensions
< the closed circumference of a circle >
c. : existing with few external relations
< treating atomic physics as a closed subject >
specifically : having only limited foreign trade and approaching economic self-sufficiency
< a closed economy >
d.
(1) of a flock or herd : bred from a single strain
(2) of a stud book : permitting solely the registration of animals of which both sire and dam are registered therein — compare open
e. of a racetrack : having the same starting and finishing point
f. : characterized by continuous return and reuse of the working medium — used especially of water in a heating system or of air in a cooling system
g. : established in an invariable pattern
< a closed program >
h.
(1) dancing : placing the free foot up to and in contact with the supporting foot
(2) ballroom dancing : facing each other with the man's right arm around the woman's waist, the woman's left hand on the man's right shoulder, and their free hands joined
3.
a. : rigidly excluding outside influence : having minimum contact
< to any but the most closed of minds — R.E.McGill >
b. : excluding participation of outsiders and witnesses : conducted in strict secrecy
< taking part in closed international conferences >
c. : confined to a few : restricted to selective membership
< a closed hospital staff >
< a closed circle of believers >
d. : intolerant of the influx of new members and ideas and approaching a state of social immobility and self-containment with respect to customs and traditions
< a closed society >
< a closed class system >
e. : not accessible to other nations
< unlimited sovereignty implies the policy of the closed sky >
f. sports : restricted to entrants of a specified kind or class
< a women's closed golf tournament >
< a closed event for amateurs only >
— contrasted with open
g. : restricted with respect to the time or place for taking game : close
< woods closed to hunters >
< a closed season for trout >
4. : having no cambium in the bundle, all meristematic tissue having been differentiated into xylem and phloem — used of certain vascular bundles; compare open
5. logic, of an expression : containing variables all of which are bound — contrasted with open
6. of the punctuation of a letter : close IV 17b
7. : completed — used of a canasta meld containing seven or more cards especially when it has been turned facedown
II. adjective
1. : traced by a moving point that returns to an arbitrary starting point
< closed curve >
also : so formed that every plane section is a closed curve
< closed surface >
2.
a. : containing all the limit points of every subset
< a closed set >
b. of an interval : containing its endpoints
3. : characterized by mathematical elements that when subjected to an operation produce only elements of the same set
< the set of whole numbers is closed under addition and multiplication >
4. of the universe : having enough mass to stop expanding and eventually collapse |