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单词 principle
释义 prin·ci·ple
I. \ˈprin(t)səpəl, -səbəl also -inzp- or -in(t)sp-\ noun
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English, modification of Middle French principe, from Latin principium beginning, origin, basis (in plural principia, first principles, fundamentals), from princip-, princeps first, original, literally, taken as first, from prin- (from primus first) + -cip-, -ceps (from Latin capere to take) — more at prime, heave
1.
 a. : a general or fundamental truth : a comprehensive and fundamental law, doctrine, or assumption on which others are based or from which others are derived : elementary proposition
  < the principles of physics >
 b.
  (1) : a governing law of conduct : an opinion, attitude, or belief that exercises a directing influence on the life and behavior : rule or code of usually good conduct by which one directs one's life or actions
   < a man of no principle >
   < the honorable principles to which my father reared me >
  (2) : devotion to what is right and honorable especially as a trait of character
 c.
  (1) : natural law or laws applied to achieve a purpose or produce a result by an artificial device (as a mechanical-contrivance) : the laws or facts of nature underlying and exemplified in the working of an artificial device
   < the principle of the internal-combustion engine >
  (2) : the mode of construction or working of an artificial device
2.
 a. : something from which another thing takes its origin : a basic or primary source of material or energy : ultimate basis or cause
  < the ancients recognized opposed governing principles as of heat and cold, moisture and dryness >
 b. : an original faculty or endowment : underlying or basic quality that motivates behavior or other activities
  < such principles of human nature as greed and curiosity >
 c. obsolete : original state : commencement, beginning
3. obsolete
 a. principles plural : rudiments
 b. : seed, embryo
4. : a component part : constituent: as
 a. archaic : element 1a, 1b
 b. : a distinguishable ingredient that exhibits or imparts a characteristic quality
  < the bark contains a bitter principle used in medicine >
  < the active principle of this drug >
5. capitalized, Christian Science : a divine principle : god
 < the triune Principle of Life, Truth, and Love >
Synonyms:
 principle, axiom, fundamental, law, and theorem can mean, in common, a proposition or other formulation stating a fact, or a generalization accepted as true and basic. principle applies to any generalization that provides a basis for reasoning or a guide for conduct or procedure
  < the principle of free speech >
  < his remarkable grasp of principle in the remaining field, that of historical geography — Benjamin Farrington >
  < the same hankering as their pious ancestors for a cozy universe, a closed system of certainties erected upon a single principle — H.J.Muller >
  < the principle was established that no officer or employee … was entitled to any classified information whatever unless it was necessary for the performance of his duties — J.P.Baxter b.1893 >
  < I do not mean to assert this pedantically as an absolute rule, but as a principle guiding school authorities — Bertrand Russell >
  axiom in an older sense applies to a principle not open to dispute because self-evident, usually one upon which a structure of reasoning is or may be erected; in more common current usage it implies a principle universally accepted or regarded as worthy of acceptance rather than one necessarily true
  < the journalistic axiom that there is nothing as dead as yesterday's newspaper — G.W.Johnson >
  < one of the axioms of United States business is that efficiency is increased by specialization — Time >
  fundamental usually applies to a principle, but sometimes a fact, so essential to a philosophy, religion, science, or art that its rejection would destroy the intellectual structure resting upon it
  < the fundamentals of scientific research >
  < the fundamentals of Christian belief >
  < the simple economics fundamental that mechanization is the secret of America's greatness — advt >
  law in this comparison applies to a formulation stating an order or relation of phenomena which is regarded as always holding good
  < the conquest of nature's procreative forces, through the discovery of the laws of agriculture and animal husbandry — R.W.Murray >
  < the laws of the rain and of the seasons here are tropic laws — Marjory S. Douglas >
  < it is a law that no two electrons may occupy the same orbit — A.S.Eddington >
  theorem applies to a proposition that admits of rational proof and, usu., is logically necessary to succeeding logical steps in a structure of reasoning
  < theoretical economics puts the patterns of uniformity in a coherent system [of which] the basic propositions are called assumptions or postulates, the derived propositions are called theorems — Oscar Lange >
  < the error that was to prove most durable of all, the theorem that only a very short land traverse would be found necessary from Missouri to Pacific waters — Bernard DeVoto >

- in principle
II. transitive verb
(-ed/-ing/-s)
archaic : to instill principles into : ground or fix in a principle : incite or move as an animating principle
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更新时间:2025/3/18 23:04:14