| 释义 |
pro·cess
I. \ˈprä]ˌses also ˈprō] or ]_sə̇s\ noun
(plural processes \“+ə̇z also ÷]_sə̇ˌsēz sometimes ÷]ˌse(ˌ)sēz\)
Etymology: Middle English proces, processe, process, from Middle French proces, from Latin processus, from processus, past participle of procedere to proceed — more at proceed
1.
a. : a progressive forward movement from one point to another on the way to completion : the action of passing through continuing development from a beginning to a contemplated end : the action of continuously going along through each of a succession of acts, events, or developmental stages : the action of being progressively advanced or progressively done : continued onward movement
< the job is not yet finished but is still in process >
< many other questions are in process of discussion — Vera M. Dean >
< social process >
< links in the endless interlocking chain of causation and concomitance that constitutes the process of history — Max Lerner & Edwin Mims >
< in the process of governing people of so many races — Vernon Bartlett >
< did his best to educate himself, and in the process he developed a profound respect for education — Oscar Schisgall >
b. : continued onward flow : course
< in the process of time >
c. : something (as a series of actions, happenings, or experiences) going on or carried on : proceeding
< standing in the cold was not a pleasant process >
< behind the arras I'll convey myself to hear the process — Shakespeare >
d.
(1) : a natural progressively continuing operation or development marked by a series of gradual changes that succeed one another in a relatively fixed way and lead toward a particular result or end
< the process of growth >
< the process of digestion >
: a natural continuing activity or function
< such life processes as breathing and the circulation of the blood >
(2) : an artificial or voluntary progressively continuing operation that consists of a series of controlled actions or movements systematically directed toward a particular result or end
< the process governing the mechanism of a clock >
< cannot be achieved by any deductive process — J.H.Steward >
< explanations of … how the editorial process worked — A.S.Link >
(3) : a set of facts, circumstances, or experiences that are observed and described or that can be observed and described throughout each of a series of changes continuously succeeding each other : a phenomenon or condition marked by a series of slow or rapid changes throughout a period of time
< the process of decay >
< a pathological process >
< tuberculous process >
(4) : a succession of related changes by which one thing gradually becomes something else
< a new theory of evolutionary process >
e. : a particular method or system of doing something, producing something, or accomplishing a specific result; especially : a particular method or system used in a manufacturing operation
< a process of making steel >
or other technical operation
< a chemical process >
2. [Middle English proces, processe, from Middle French proces, from Medieval Latin processus, from Latin]
a. : the course of procedure in a judicial action or in a suit in litigation : legal action
< changed his name by legal process — Current Biography >
< federal process … does not have to be confined to state borders — Va. Law Review >
b.
(1) : a summons, mandate, or writ that serves as the means used to bring a defendant into court to answer in a judicial action or in a suit in litigation; also : a writ by which a court exercises its jurisdiction over the parties or subject matter of judicial action or of a suit in litigation
< process for their appearance has been duly issued — Detroit Law Journal >
(2) : the whole body of such summonses, mandates, or writs
3. obsolete : report, account
< the whole ear of Denmark is by a forged process of my death rankly abused — Shakespeare >
4. : a part of the mass of an organism or organic structure that projects outward from the main mass
< a bone process >
< a parasite that puts forth processes resembling tentacles >
5. obsolete : a royal edict
6. Roman Catholicism : the canonical procedure followed in beatification or canonization
II. verb
(processed \“+t\ ; processed \“+t\ ; processing \“+iŋ\ ; processes \“+ə̇z\)
Etymology: in sense 1, from Middle French processer, from proces; in other senses, from process (I)
transitive verb
1.
a. : to proceed against by law : prosecute
< the debt for which they were processed — H.W.V.Stuart >
b.
(1) : to take out a summons against
(2) : to serve a summons on
< warned that they would process him >
2. : to subject to a particular method, system, or technique of preparation, handling, or other treatment designed to effect a particular result : put through a special process: as
a.
(1) : to prepare for market, manufacture, or other commercial use by subjecting to some process
< processing cattle by slaughtering them >
< processed the milk by pasteurizing it >
< processing grain by milling >
< processing cotton by spinning >
(2) : to make usable by special treatment
< processing rancid butter >
< processing waste material >
< processed the water to remove impurities >
b.
(1) : to subject to rapid examination and handling designed to dispose of routine details (as by recording preliminary data of or about)
< processing books for a library >
< efficiently processed the invoices >
(2) : to subject to rapid examination and handling designed to produce a preliminary classification based on apparent skills, aptitudes, and other qualifications
< processing applicants >
< processing army recruits >
(3) : to take care of, attend to, or dispose of by some largely routine procedure
< quickly processed the loan requested by the firm >
(4) : to subject to examination and analysis
< processing data radioed by a space rocket >
< where news from everywhere is processed — F.L.Mott >
3. : to produce a copy of by a mechanical or photomechanical duplicating process
< a processed publication >
intransitive verb
: to process something
III. adjective
Etymology: process (I)
1. : prepared, handled, treated, or produced by a special process: as
a. : made by some special synthetic process
< process fuels >
< process sugar >
b. : made by or used in a mechanical or photomechanical duplicating process
< process publications >
< process ink >
c. : made by special equipment or techniques so as to produce an optical effect not otherwise attainable
< a motion picture that has a number of remarkable process scenes >
2.
a. : used in producing special effects
< a process motion-picture camera >
b. : used in making colored reproductions in almost any hue or shade by printing from halftone plates in usually three or more colors (as red, yellow, blue)
IV. \prəˈses, prōˈs-\ intransitive verb
(-ed/-ing/-es)
Etymology: back-formation from procession (I)
: to move along : go; especially : to move along in or as if in a procession
< processed slowly through the town, conversing amiably — Thomas Wood †1950 > |