| 释义 |
drill
I. \ˈdril\ transitive verb
(-ed/-ing/-s)
Etymology: Middle English drillen to delay
1. now dialect Britain
a. : to waste (time) idly : dawdle
b. : to let (something) continue — used with out or on
2. now dialect Britain : lure, draw
< easily drilled on to vote yea >
< they soon drilled him into the plot >
II. intransitive verb
(-ed/-ing/-s)
Etymology: perhaps alteration of trill — more at trill (to trickle)
obsolete : trickle, drip
III. \ˈdril\ noun
(-s)
archaic : a small trickling stream : rill
IV. verb
(-ed/-ing/-s)
Etymology: Dutch drillen, from Middle Dutch; akin to Middle High German drillen to turn, round off, Old High German drāen to turn — more at throw
transitive verb
1.
a. : to make (a rounded hole or cavity in a solid) by removing bits with a rotating drill — compare bore 1
b. : to make or excavate a hole in (a solid material) with a drill
< they drilled boulders for inserting dynamite sticks >
< bones drilled for insertion of a pin >
< drilling a tooth for a filling >
c. : to drive a hole in, puncture, or perforate as if with a drill : pierce, penetrate, or drive deep into the interior of
< the lightning drilling the hills to the east and upriver — Frederick Way >
d. : to open or sink (a well) in the earth by striking a spot repeatedly with a sharp pointed instrument or by using a rotary drill
e. : to shoot through the head or body
< would haul out a gun and indiscriminatingly drill them both — Marjorie Brace >
also : to penetrate or puncture like a bullet
< we are drilled by about 100 cosmic rays every minute of our lives — Stuart Chase >
2. archaic : to whirl or twirl like a drill
< drill a stick into a pit containing tinder to kindle fire >
3.
a. : to instruct thoroughly in the rudiments and methods of any skill or branch of knowledge : discipline
b. : to impart or communicate (ideas) in this way
< drill knowledge or sense into a pupil >
< trade secrets drilled into a man's subconscious >
c. : to train or exercise (as a soldier) in military evolutions and in servicing and using weapons and other equipment
4. : to remove (a railroad car) from among others on the same track by switching
< the diner to be added to number 41 had already been drilled >
intransitive verb
1.
a. : to pierce or sink a hole with a drill
< reaming, drilling, and honing are also considered boring operations — H.D.Burghardt & Aaron Axelrod >
< intending to drill for oil >
< painless dental drilling >
b. : to penetrate in a straight line as if driven with a drill
< he sensed that the eyes of the men were drilling into the back of his neck — Fred Majdalany >
< the violent daylight drilling into the room — Brendan Gill >
2. : to practice an exercise : engage in a drill
3. : to give forth a series of metallic percussive sounds or tones
< the sharp drilling of the telephone had sounded from the hall — F.M.Ford >
4. of a motor vehicle : skid, sideslip
Synonyms: see perforate, practice
V. noun
(-s)
Etymology: in sense 1, probably from Dutch dril, from Middle Dutch, from drillen to drill; in other senses, from drill (IV)
1.
a. : an instrument with an edged or pointed end used for making holes in hard substances; specifically : a tool that cuts with its end by revolving (as in drilling metals) or by a succession of blows (as in drilling stone) — see cross bit, twist drill; compare auger, bit I 3a
b. : a drill with the appliance or machine for operating it or the appliance or machine alone (as a drill press or a portable drill)
2. : the act or exercise of training soldiers in the execution of evolutions and the using and servicing of weapons and other equipment; specifically : a kind or method of military exercise
< infantry drill >
3.
a. : repetitive instruction and strictly supervised exercise in methods (as of business, sport, education)
< we build up habits by drill, but we build up intelligent capacities by training — Gilbert Ryle >
b. : a physical or mental exercise aimed at perfecting facility and skill in a particular operation especially by regular practice
< the methods were largely lecture and drills for memory, with daily and monthly reviews — H.R.Douglass >
c. : a formal exercise by a team of marchers consisting of strictly timed figures and evolutions as part of a ritual or as an exhibition of skill
< the competition will continue until each drum corps has completed its drill >
d. chiefly Britain : the approved or correct procedure for accomplishing something efficiently
< two people who knew the drill perfectly and could easily mount an expedition in the given time — L.J.Van Der Post >
4.
a. : a marine snail (Urosalpinx cinerea) that is very destructive to oysters on the Atlantic coast of the United States by boring through their shells and feeding on the soft parts
b. : any of several other mollusks of the family Muricidae (as Thais floridana)
5. : sharp closely repeated taps or insistent moderately percussive tones
< tried to shut his ears against the sharp drill of his voice — Hamilton Basso >
< the prolonged drill of cicadas >
< counted the separate, muffled drills on the wire — Kay Boyle >
VI. noun
(-s)
Etymology: probably native name in West Africa
: a West African baboon (Mandrillus leucophaeus) closely related to the typical mandrills but smaller and lacking the bright facial coloring of the latter
VII. noun
(-s)
Etymology: perhaps from drill (III)
1.
a. : a shallow furrow or trench into which seed is sown
b. : a row of seed sown in such a furrow
2. : a planting implement that makes holes or furrows, drops in the seed and sometimes fertilizer, and covers them with earth
< tractor-drawn drills used to sow wheat >
< a drill adjusted to four rows at one time of forest-tree seeds >
— see hoe drill, plow drill, press drill
VIII. transitive verb
(-ed/-ing/-s)
1. : to sow (seeds) by dropping along a shallow furrow
< he drills soybeans in the same rows with corn to be cut together for silage >
2.
a. : to sow with seed or set with seedlings inserted in drills
< we've drilled a whole hill with slash pine — Kathleen L. Sutton >
b. : to distribute seed or fertilizer in by means of a drill
< compare the yields of a drilled acre and a broadcast acre >
IX. noun
(-s)
Etymology: back-formation from drilling — more at drilling (fabric)
: a strong durable cotton fabric in twill weave made in various weights for clothing, interior decoration, and industrial uses
X. transitive verb
Etymology: drill (IV)
: to propel (as a ball) with force or accuracy
< drilled a single to right field >
also : to hit with force
< drilled the batter with the first pitch >
XI. noun
Etymology: drill (V)
: routine |