| 释义 |
-ed
I. \d after infinitive forms ending in a vowel or in b, g, j, ŋ, th, v, z, zh, or r (r in such position is usually regarded as a vowel); t after infinitive forms ending in ch, f, k, p, s, sh, or th; ə̇d sometimes (ˌ)ed after infinitive forms ending in d or t; after a few infinitives ending in l, m, or n, the pronunciation d is alternative to t and the spelling -ed to -t (dwell, kneel, spell, dream, burn, lean, learn); some forms that are -d or -t when used as verbs are alternatively, sometimes only, -ə̇d or -(ˌ)ed when used as adjectives (blessed, cursed, forked, striped, learned); adjectivally used forms in which -ed (often written -èd) follows infinitival terminals other than d and t are sometimes -ə̇d or -(ˌ)ed in poetry for the sake of the meter; -ed forms that are regularly -d or -t are often alternatively -ə̇d or -(ˌ)ed when -ly or -ness is added, the tendency to the latter pronunciations being in general in proportion to the difficulty of the consonantal cluster of which l or n is the final member\ verb suffix or adjective suffix
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English -ed, -od, -ad, from -e-, -o-, -a- (thematic vowels of various classes of weak verbs) + -d, past participle ending of weak verbs; akin to Old High German -t, past participle ending of weak verbs, Old Norse -thr, Gothic -ths, Latin -tus, past participle ending, Greek -tos, suffix forming verbal adjectives, Sanskrit -ta, past participle ending
1. — used to form the past participle of regular weak verbs
< ended >
< followed >
< dressed >
regularly accompanied by coalescence with final e of the base word
< faded >
change of final postconsonantal y of the base word to i
< tried >
or doubling of the final consonant of the base word immediately after a short stressed vowel
< patted >
2. — used to form adjectives of identical or nearly identical meaning from Latin-derived adjectives ending in -ate
< crenulated >
< pinnated >
3.
a. : having : provided or furnished with : characterized by — in adjectives formed from nouns
< balconied >
< cultured >
< moneyed >
< winged >
or from combinations having a noun as final constituent
< two-legged >
< deep-chested >
< three-storied >
b. : having the characteristics of — in adjectives formed from nouns
< bigoted >
< dogged >
II. verb suffix
Etymology: Middle English -ede, -de, from Old English -de, -ede, -ode, -ade, past ending (1st person singular indicative) of weak verbs, from -e-, -o-, -a- (thematic vowels of various classes of weak verbs) + -de, past ending (1st person singular indicative) of weak verbs; akin to Old High German -ta, past ending (1st person singular indicative) of weak verbs, Old Norse -tha, Gothic -da, and probably to Old English -d, past participle ending of weak verbs
— used to form the past tense of regular weak verbs; regularly accompanied by coalescence with final e of the base word
< judged >
change of final postconsonantal y of the base word to i
< denied >
or doubling of the final consonant of the base word immediately after a short stressed vowel
< dropped > |