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单词 establish
释义 es·tab·lish
\ə̇ˈstablish, eˈ-, -lēsh, chiefly in pres part -ləsh\ verb
(-ed/-ing/-es)
Etymology: Middle English establissen, from Middle French establiss-, stem of establir, from Latin stabilire, from stabilis firm, stable — more at stable
transitive verb
1.
 a. : to make firm or stable : fix to prevent or check unsteadiness, wavering, turmoil, or agitation
  < establish the gun firmly on its base >
 b. : to place, install, or set up in a permanent or relatively enduring position especially as regards living quarters, business, social life, or possession
  < the family established itself in a large house >
  < established himself in the community as a grain dealer >
  < stayed with the team long enough to see it established as a member of a major league >
  < the first day of 1930 saw me established in London with a good job on an evening paper — Harold Nicolson >
 c. : to found or base securely (as a theory)
  < established the moral unity of all people upon the idea of God >
  < examine critically the foundations of his creed and establish his theology upon philosophy — V.L.Parrington >
 d. : to assist, support, or nurture so that stability and continuance are assured
  < stayed as principal of the new school until it was well established >
 e. : to fix or implant (itself) in gaining a firm hold
  < think of the possibilities if this scourge becomes widely established among our eastern oaks — W.H.Camp >
  < a vice continued until it established itself beyond escape >
2.
 a. : to settle or fix after consideration or by enactment or agreement
  < a congressional bill establishing duties on a wide range of imports >
  < an act establishing quota limits on immigration >
 b. : appoint, ordain, entitle
  < established several European correspondents for the newspaper >
  < established a new vice-president for the firm >
3. obsolete : to settle (as an estate) upon someone : secure (as rights) to a group
4.
 a. : to bring into existence, create, make, start, originate, found, or build usually as permanent or with permanence in view
  < establish a factory on the banks of the river >
  < established a cranberry bog — American Guide Series: Oregon >
  < the five studies in this volume have the common purpose of establishing a background for an understanding of 18th century English literature — University of Minnesota Press Catalog >
  < establish a school for the deaf >
  < the Italians voted to establish a republic — Current Biography >
  < Noah Webster, with his dictionary … had established American usage in the matter of words — Van Wyck Brooks >
 b. : to bring about : effect
  < establishing friendly relations with the Indians — American Guide Series: Maine >
 c.
  (1) : provide : set up
   < it established a fund of $700,000 to open regional offices — Current Biography >
  (2) : to provide for : endow
   < establish a chair of Oriental studies at the university >
5. obsolete : to bring (as anger) to a state of calm : quiet
6.
 a. archaic : confirm, validate
 b. : to prove or make acceptable beyond a reasonable doubt
  < the point the speaker was trying to establish was the imminence of economic collapse >
  < the impossibility of spontaneous generation was finally established as a valuable working principle — J.B.Conant >
  < establish the fact that he was not there when the murder occurred >
 c. : to provide strong evidence for : bring unavoidably to the attention
  < something was said that established him as being in the contracting business — Hamilton Basso >
 d. : to calculate or determine exactly and with certainty the terms, limits, or identity of
  < the evidence established the motive for the crime >
  < establish the weight of the planet >
 e. : to provide the mind or comprehension with appropriate information about
  < the opening shot of the movie establishes the scene >
7. : to make a national or state institution of (a church)
8.
 a. : to provide with a secure reputation especially as valuable, useful, or certain
  < screen productions based on established novels >
  < established as the world's tobacco capital — American Guide Series: North Carolina >
 b. : to place in a position of being accepted, respected, or feared
  < the British authority had been pretty securely established — B.K.Sandwell >
  < clearly established my standing as a man of good character — B.F.Fairless >
  < upset the established order in southeast Asia >
 c. : to make a norm, a custom, a convention, or a habit
  < the established way of addressing a clergyman >
  < established art styles >
  < it was his established practice to eat an early supper >
  < an established conditioned reflex >
9.
 a. : to set (as a record) as an achievement
 b. : to arrive at (as a result)
10. : to define and record (as a species) by effective publication in systematic biology
11. : to make such plays in a card game as will permit (a specified card or all remaining cards of a specified suit) to win tricks
intransitive verb
: to become naturalized : enter and persist without care or cultivation — used chiefly of plants
 < various xerophytes readily establish on and stabilize coastal dunes >
Synonyms: see found, set
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更新时间:2024/11/11 19:07:47