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单词 recalcitrant
释义 re·cal·ci·trant
I. \-nt\ adjective
Etymology: Late Latin recalcitrant-, recalcitrans, from present participle of recalcitrare to be stubbornly disobedient, from Latin, to kick back, from re- + calcitrare to kick, from calc-, calx heel — more at calk
1. : obstinately defiant of authority or restraint : stubbornly disobedient
 < recalcitrant and dangerous heretics and obstructionists — G.L.Kline >
 < a recalcitrant child >
 < call forth the forces of the Union to coerce recalcitrant states — S.E.Morison & H.S.Commager >
2.
 a. : difficult or impossible to handle or operate : unmanageable
  < the materials in these fields are more complex and more recalcitrant than the simpler and more readily measurable phenomena of the languages — Mortimer Graves >
  < the car had a recalcitrant gearshift lever — M.M.Musselman >
 b. : not responsive to treatment
  < many of these patients were suffering from recalcitrant forms of the disease — Journal American Medical Association >
 c. : resistant — usually used with to
  < this subject is recalcitrant both to observation and to experiment — G.G.Simpson >
  < nothing perhaps is more recalcitrant to logical systematization than local custom — G.H.Sabine >
Synonyms: see unruly
II. noun
(-s)
: one who is recalcitrant
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更新时间:2025/1/11 8:36:57