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单词 excess
释义 ex·cess
I. \ikˈses, ˈekˌses, ekˈses\ noun
(-es)
Etymology: Middle English, from Middle French or Late Latin; Middle French excès, from Late Latin excessus, from Latin, departure, from excessus, past participle of excedere to go forth, exceed — more at exceed
1.
 a. : a state of surpassing or going beyond limits : the fact of being in a measure beyond sufficiency, necessity, or duty : superfluity, superabundance
  < excess of grief >
  < an excess of provisions >
 b. : something that exceeds what is usual, proper, proportionate. or specified
  < she was serious almost to excess — Aldous Huxley >
 c. : the amount or degree by which one thing or number exceeds another
  < there was an excess of 10 bushels over what was needed to fill the bin >
  < the excess of 12 plus 2 over 12 minus 2 is 4 >
2. : undue or immoderate indulgence : intemperance especially in eating and drinking
 < excess at table is seldom healthful >
— often used in plural
 < their excesses led to their expulsion from the congregation >
Synonyms:
 superfluity, surplus, surplusage, overplus: excess may be used of any exceeding or going beyond measure, limits, or accustomed bounds
  < an excess of carbon dioxide in the air >
  < an excess of supply over demand >
  It is often used in connection with culpable lack of moderation, temperance, and restraint
  < I have a considerable affection for the Empire style, of which I bought a houseful when it could be bought for half nothing. But the excesses of the style are terrible — Arnold Bennett >
  < Washington began with the prestige of a unanimous election and ended, as his farewell address plainly reveals, with a deep abhorrence of the excesses of intense party spirit — A.N.Holcombe >
  superfluity may refer to a vain, wasteful, or embarrassing excess, over actual needs
  < as I have a certain amount of money to spare and am possessed by the strange desire to collect unnecessary objects, I succumb easily to anyone who asks me to buy superfluities and luxuries — Aldous Huxley >
  < not the lack of expressive power, but the superfluity. He was profusely and indiscriminately loquacious — Virginia Woolf >
  surplus applies to whatever is left after all needed has been used or expended; it is often used in reference to money or to valuable commodities
  < the company books showing a surplus >
  < the Patent Office has become one of the relatively few government establishments that not only pay their way, but normally yield a surplus — F.A.Ogg & P.O.Ray >
  < nearly every farmer had an apple press with which he prepared adequate quantities of cider and vinegar for family consumption, and frequently there were surpluses to market — W.M.Kollmorgen >
  surplusage may refer to an unjustified or useless excess
  < the Senate conferees took the position that the usage of the word “prior” was unnecessary and was mere surplusageU.S.Code >
  overplus may designate an unnecessary addition or adventitious augmentation
  < we entered the Rectory drive, the car poked at by the wild overplus of vegetation which was certainly not that of a normal garden — Wyndham Lewis >

- in excess of
- to excess
II. \ˈekˌses, ikˈs-, ekˈs-\ adjective
Etymology: Middle English, from excess, n.
1. : more than or above the usual or specified amount : that constitutes an excess
 < excess property on hand after a contract ends >
 < the body tends to rid itself of its excess nitrogen — H.G.Armstrong >
 < excess sleep may be a sign of a disturbance — Morris Fishbein >
2. : exceeding in weight or size an allowance transportable without charge
 < excess baggage >
III. \ikˈses, ˈekˌses, ekˈses\ transitive verb
(-ed/-ing/-es)
Etymology: excess, noun
: to eliminate the position of
 < the decline in enrollment has allowed us to excess about 75 teachers — Stuart Binion >
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更新时间:2024/11/12 0:19:20