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单词 reduce
释义 re·duce
\rə̇ˈd(y)üs, rēˈ-\ verb
(-ed/-ing/-s)
Etymology: Middle English reducen to lead back, bring back, draw together, from Latin reducere, from re- + ducere to lead — more at tow
transitive verb
1.
 a. : to draw together or cause to converge : condense, consolidate
  < for the sake of brevity I reduce all their questions to one — Arnold Isenberg >
  < all springs reduce their currents to my eyes — Shakespeare >
 b.
  (1) : to diminish in size, amount, extent, or number : make smaller : lessen, shrink
   < the highway, here reduced to a street — G.R.Stewart >
   < reduce excise rates on automobiles — Wall Street Journal >
   < abolition of aggressive weapons would … reduce the likelihood of aggressive war — R.L.Buell >
   < a safety campaign to reduce forest fires >
   < a diet to reduce weight >
  (2) : to decrease the volume and concentrate the flavor of (as a gravy) by boiling off excess liquid
  (3) : to concentrate or decrease the volume of (as crude petroleum) by removing light hydrocarbons by distillation
   < the residue or topped crude oil is further reduced — W.L.Nelson & A.P.Buthod >
 c. : to narrow down : confine, limit, restrict
  < when we know more about the capacities of man, we do not reduce them, but expand them — A.H.Compton >
  < the Indians were reduced to a small fragment of their former domain — E.M.Coulter >
 d. : to make shorter or divest of nonessentials : abridge, curtail
  < great body of religious lyrics … skillfully reduced and edited — H.S.Bennett >
  < double ax-head occurring among the hieroglyphic forms reduced to a linear outline — Edward Clodd >
2. archaic
 a. : to lead back : cause to return
  < reduce the Protestants within the pale of the Romish Church — Nicholas Tindal >
 b. : to restore to righteousness : save
  < if any of these erring men may be reduced, I have my end — John Milton >
3.
 a. obsolete : redirect
  < with these words reduce they thoughts that roam — William Austin >
 b. obsolete : to bring back
  < reduce, replant our bishop president — Edward Dering >
 c. : to bring to a specified state or condition by guidance or leadership
  < his task was to reduce to order the economic and political chaos following war — W.L.Fleming >
4. archaic
 a. : to cause to recur
  < traitors … that would reduce these bloody days again — Shakespeare >
 b. : to restore to a former condition
  < reduce them to their former shape — Jonathan Swift >
5.
 a.
  (1) : to force to capitulate : bring under control : subdue, subjugate
   < after a long seige he reduced Alexandria — Encyc. Americana >
   < a pioneer … reducing the savage wilderness for civilization — D.B.Davis >
   < about thirty years ago the aboriginal tribes of the interior were reduced — E.P.Hanson >
  (2) : to wipe out (an enemy position) : eliminate, demolish
   < reduce a salient >
   < reduce a machine gun nest >
 b. : to make captive or hand over
  < helped reduce the New Amsterdam Dutch to English control — R.P.Stearns >
 c.
  (1) : to put under obligation : make, compel
   < one passage so painful that he was reduced to explain it by the arts of … wizards — G.G.Coulton >
  (2) : to force to resort
   < were reduced to the knee holds and body clings detested by all mountaineers — D.L.Busk >
  (3) : to cause to succumb
   < a scene that had reduced his wife to tears — Scott Fitzgerald >
   < his exaggerated stories had reduced the patrons to openmouthed credulity — American Guide Series: Pennsylvania >
 d. obsolete : to make more temperate : overcome
  < it was necessary … their tempers be reduced by my kindness — Daniel Defoe >
 e. : to cause to revert to one's possession by exercising a legal claim
6.
 a. : to assign to or describe in terms of fundamental classification
  < attempt to reduce life, mind, and spirit to the quantitative categories of physics, chemistry, and mathematics — W.R.Inge >
 b. : to bring to a systematic form or character — used with to
  < system of nature, which it is the business of science to study and reduce to laws — C.H.Whiteley >
 c. : to endow with a definite shape
  < the idea … was reduced to exact form — Graham Wallas >
 d. : to transfer to or as if to paper — used with to
  < reduce to writing his notions regarding the ideal bird dog — W.F.Brown b.1903 >
7.
 a. : to put back (as a herniated mass) into place
 b. : to restore (as elevated blood pressure) to a normal condition
 c. : to set (as a fracture) by restoring misplaced parts to a normal position
8.
 a. chiefly Scots law : rescind, annul
 b. : to lower in grade or rank : demote
  < reduced from cruiser command to an inconspicuous post in the merchant marine because of … political differences — Lee Rogow >
9.
 a. : to lower in condition or status : debase, downgrade
  < at storekeeping he was a failure, and … was soon reduced to poverty — H.E.Starr >
  < an old Crusader … reduced to menial work — T.B.Costain >
  < historical reporting … reduces the novel to a news supplement — Allen Tate >
 b. : to be driven by poverty or deficiency
  < reduced to going about the … villages soliciting alms — J.G.Frazer >
  < radicals … who used to speak of Russia as a land of hope are now reduced to saying that it is no worse than any other country — Zechariah Chafee >
 c. : to make physically weak
  < my father was so reduced, that I … made a bed for him on the deck — Charles Dickens >
 d. : to diminish in strength or density
  < rising sun quickly reduced the fog >
 as
  (1) : to dilute (as a paint) with a thinner
  (2) : to extend (as a pigment) with an inert extender or pigment
  (3) : to make (a photographic negative) less dense
 e. : to diminish in value
  < stocks have been reduced to a low level — Collier's Year Book >
10.
 a.
  (1) : to change the denominations of without changing the value
   < reduce days and hours to minutes >
  (2) : to change the form of (an arithmetical expression) without changing the value
   < reduce fractions to a common denominator >
  (3) : to construct a geometrical figure similar to but smaller than (a given figure)
 b. : to transpose from one form into another : convert, translate
  < given … credit for reducing time to space — N.E.Nelson >
  < reduce disputes about ideas and values to factual, sociological terms — Cushing Strout >
  < reduce government regulations to plain language >
 c.
  (1) : to change (an expression) from a form that is given to another that is equivalent but considered to be more fundamental or important
   < reducing all sentential connectives to the stroke function >
  (2) : to change (a syllogism) to a mood in the first figure
11.
 a. : to break down (as by crushing, grinding, or burning) : cause to disintegrate : pulverize
  < breaker rolls … reduce the wheat kernels to middlings — American Guide Series: Minnesota >
  < tree stumps left on a clearing … are reduced by swarms of ants — C.D.Forde >
  < a recent earthquake reduced the cathedral of Cuzco almost to a heap of rubble — Angélica Mendoza >
 b. archaic : to cause (a military unit) to disperse : disband
 c. : to separate into commercially usable elements
  < reduce trees to lumber >
  < reduce pilchards into oil and meal >
 d. : to treat (garbage) so as to recover grease and other products
12.
 a. : to bring to the metallic state by removal of nonmetallic elements
  < iron ores are reduced to metallic iron >
  < metals are reduced from their ores >
  — compare smelt
 b. : deoxidize
  < reduce anthraquinone to anthracene >
 c. : to combine with or subject to the action of hydrogen : hydrogenate
  < acetaldehyde is reduced to alcohol in the final step of alcoholic fermentation >
 d. : to change (a compound) by decreasing the proportion of the electronegative part
  < reduce mercuric chloride to mercurous chloride >
  : change (an element or ion) from a higher to a lower oxidation state
  < in electrolysis, ferric ions are reduced to ferrous ions at the cathode — Farrington Daniels & R.A.Alberty >
  : add one or more electrons to (an atom or ion or molecule)
  < reduce ionic copper to metallic copper >
  — opposed to oxidize
13. : to transform to actuality
 < faces the task of reducing theory to a course of instruction — J.R.Butler >
14.
 a.
  (1) : to use an unstressed vowel (as \ə\) or no vowel at all instead of (a stressed vowel)
  (2) : to make such alteration in (a syllable)
 b. : to cause the loss of a member from (a series of consonants or vowels)
intransitive verb
1.
 a. : to become diminished or lessened; especially : to lose weight by dieting
  < no more, thanks, I'm reducing >
 b. : to become concentrated
  < let the stock reduce, strain … and keep hot — Roger Angell >
 c. : to undergo meiosis
 d. : to become consolidated
  < the number 53, which is composed of 5 and 3, reduces to the primate number 8 — W.B.Gibson >
2. : to become converted or equated
 < romanticism and classicism … reduce in the end to differences of psychological type — Herbert Read >
3. : to become weakened or diluted
 < poster paints reduce with water >
4. : to undergo processing especially for commercial purposes
 < canneries send a stink of reducing fish into the air — John Steinbeck >
Synonyms: see conquer, decrease
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更新时间:2024/9/22 7:09:40