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单词 refine
释义 re·fine
I. \rə̇ˈfīn, rēˈf-\ verb
(-ed/-ing/-s)
Etymology: re- + fine (to refine)
transitive verb
1. : to reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state : separate from extraneous matter : free from dross or alloy
 < refine silver >
: free or cleanse from impurities
 < refine sugar >
2.
 a.
  (1) : to give a final mechanical treatment to (paper stock) so as to put in the best possible condition for the grade of paper being made
  (2) : to prepare (pulp screenings) for manufacture into coarse paper
 b. : to treat (pig iron) in the refinery furnace so as to remove the silicon and other unwanted elements
 c. : to manufacture (petroleum products) by distilling crude petroleum and purifying the resulting successive distillates
 d. : to subject (raw sugar) to a series of processes (as defecation or carbonation, filtration through bone black or activated carbon, and crystallization) to produce white sugar
3. : to free (as the mind or soul) from moral imperfection, grossness, dullness, earthiness : spiritualize, elevate
 < tried in sharp tribulation and refined by faith and faithful works — John Milton >
4. : to improve or perfect by pruning, polishing, or rarefying
 < refine a poetic style >
 < the imagination cannot escape from the literal but at best can only refine it — Bernard DeVoto >
5. : to attenuate or reduce in vigor, intensity, vitality by pruning, polishing, or purifying
 < much of the really nutritive material actually was refined out of the foods — W.H.Camp >
6. : to increase or heighten the discriminatory power of : subtilize
 < refine a method of analysis >
 < spent … years patiently refining the crude statistics of economic change — Times Literary Supplement >
7. : to free from what is coarse, vulgar, uncouth : cause to become fastidious, elegant, cultivated
 < sent to a finishing school to refine her taste and manners >
intransitive verb
1. : to become pure or perfected : become free or freer from what is extraneous or crude or debasing
2. : to make improvement by adding or introducing subtleties or distinctions — used with on or upon
 < the earlier science had only refined upon the ordinary notions of ordinary people — A.N.Whitehead >
II. adjective
obsolete : refined
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更新时间:2024/12/25 12:56:40