英语词汇“fall”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

单词	fall
释义	fall I. \ˈfȯl\ verb (fell \ˈfel\ ; fall·en \ˈfȯlən also in poetry & sometimes +V in prose -ln\ ; also dialect fell ; falling ; falls) Etymology: Middle English fallen, from Old English feallan; akin to Old Frisian & Old Norse falla to fall, Old Saxon & Old High German fallan, and perhaps to Lithuanian pulti to fall, Old Prussian au-pallai he finds, Armenian p'ul fall, plunge *intransitive verb* 1. a. (1) : to descend by the force of gravity when freed from suspension or support : drop < the rain falls > < ripe fruit falling off a tree > (2) : to pass downward in a certain direction : drop in a guided descent < the water falls over the ledge > < the mercury falls in the thermometer > < the lash fell on his shoulders > (3) : to hang freely : extend downward < her hair falls loosely > < his cloak falls from his shoulders > (4) : to let oneself down usually swiftly and suddenly to a sitting, reclining, or kneeling position < she fell on the window seat by the coat closet and began to sob — Louis Auchincloss > < I was her slave; I fell at her feet — A.W.Long > sometimes : to leap from a great height < the column was popular with suicides, some of whom fell to their death before the top was enclosed in a cage — Sydney (Australia) Bulletin > b. (1) : to become born — now usually used of lambs (2) : to drop to a lower degree < the temperature fell > or level < blood pressure fell to 140 systolic > (3) : to decrease in volume of sound : drop in pitch < his voice fell > < the music rose and fell > (4) : issue — used of speech < the excellent advice that fell from his lips > (5) : to come or come to pass as if by falling < an ominous stillness fell upon the room > < night fell upon the village > < a heavy vengeance fell upon the rebels > (6) : to become lowered — used of a glance or the eyes 2. a. : to drop suddenly and involuntarily < fall down on the ice > < slipped and fell heavily to the ground > b. (1) : to enter as if blindly or unawares into a dangerous or undesirable state or situation : stumble, stray — used with in or into < fell into the enemy ambush > < falling into the moral snares of a great city > < fell into grave doctrinal errors > < the novel falls into a cloying sentimentality > (2) of a structure : to collapse especially in fragments < many houses fell as a result of the earthquake > < the building fell of its own weight > (3) : to drop to the ground wounded or dead < men were falling all about him under the enemy fire > especially : to die in battle < the fallen included numerous officers > < fell in the first skirmish of the war > (4) : to suffer destruction, capture, or total military defeat : collapse < scholars still argue about why the Roman Empire fell > < the city fell after a siege of many months > (5) : to lose office especially as a result of an adverse parliamentary vote — used of a government or ministry < the coalition government fell after only 6 months in office > (6) : to suffer ruin, defeat, or failure : fail utterly < we will stand or fall together > — used chiefly of projects or undertakings and in the phrase fall through < your paper's falling through for no money and you want me to give you some? — Josephine Johnson > < I do not remember why the deal fell through — A.L.Guérard > (7) : lapse, expire : perish, disappear < the conversation fell for a few minutes — Arnold Bennett > < his anger suddenly fell > — often used with away < if you have some other witness … this difficulty will fall away — Farmer's Weekly (South Africa) > (8) card games : to become played — used of a card whose holder must legally though unwillingly play it (9) cricket, of a wicket : to become lost by the dismissal of a batsman < the first wicket fell with 50 runs on the board > c. : to yield to temptation : commit an immoral act < if falling were all that ever happened to a good man, all his days would he a simple matter of striving and repentance — Owen Wister > especially : to lose one's chastity 3. a. (1) of a river : to flow down : debouch, empty — used with into < the rivers that fall into the sea > (2) : to move or extend in a generally downward direction < the land falls to a river > — often used with away < the ridge falls away quickly where it approaches the sea — Norman Cousins > < the ground falling away from the highest point — Osbert Lancaster > b. (1) : to cease to be violent : subside, abate < the flames rose and fell > < the wind fell > : ebb < the falling tide > (2) : to decline in quality, character, activity, or quantity < the party's representation in the legislature fell from seven seats to six > < after his book on the circulation of the blood came out … he fell mightily in his practice — John Aubrey > < greater increases would merely influence traffic to fall more sharply — Collier's Year Book > < how low can a man fall > — often used with off or away < the tourist trade fell off markedly in January — R.F.Warner > < the play falls off toward the end > < his work fell off badly > < subscriptions fell away — C.L.R.James > < the poem does not fall away from its opening line — Oscar Cargill > (3) : to lose physical tone, condition, or weight : become wasted — usually used with off or away < the cattle have fallen off badly in the drouth > < you'd scarcely believe anybody could fall off so rapidly — Ellen Glasgow > < she's fallen away terribly > (4) : to assume a look of shame, disappointment, or dejection — used of the face < his face fell > (5) : to decline in financial value or price : suffer a decline in prices < stocks fell several points > < the market is falling > c. : to make a hostile move or attack physically or verbally — now used with on or upon < fell upon the enemy and routed him > < the opposition speakers fell clamorously on the tottering government > 4. a. (1) : to come or occur at a certain time : arrive < prevent the harvest seasons from coming in time to fall outside of their proper agricultural seasons — T.H.Gaster > < the beginnings of his career fell at the period … when the vogue of field games … was beginning — E.P.Tanner > (2) : to come by chance : happen to come < it fell into my mind to write you a letter > < hurried me frequently into intrigues with low women that fell in my way — Benjamin Franklin > b. (1) : to come or pass by lot, assignment, inheritance, or as a burden or duty : devolve < the estate fell to his brother > < the lot fell on him > < it fell to him to break the news > (2) dialect Britain : to have need or occasion : become obliged or due — used with to c. archaic : to come or be due in the course of events — followed by to be and usually a participle d. (1) : to lie in a certain position < the point falls to the right of a given line > : have the proper place or station < the accent falls on the second syllable > (2) : to come within the limits, scope, or jurisdiction of something : have a definite position in a classificatory system or arrangement — often used with into, within, or under < this word falls into the class of verbs > < obviously fell within the Soviet sphere of influence — Max Ascoli > < falls within the jurisdiction of this city > < species fall under genera > (3) : to divide naturally — usually used with into < his creative output falls into three distinct classes > < the area falls into a number of physiographic regions > (4) : to break up : separate < they fell into two factions — R.A.Billington > < under the enemy thrust, the division fell to pieces > 5. a. : to pass usually somewhat suddenly and passively into a certain state of body or mind or a new condition or relation : become < fell at musing — Hugh McCrae > < I fell silent > < fell prey to dangerous diseases > < the brittle dish fell apart > < the tax falls due this month > < fell heir to the estate > < fell in love > — often used with into < fell into a heavy slumber > < ran a street or two … and then fell into a walk — Arthur Morrison > < the word fell into disuse > b. : to come by chance into close or friendly dealings with a particular individual or group : have a chance encounter < a college he fell into a congenial crowd of artistic and literary young men > — often used in the phrases fall among or fall in with < a bluff and simple country gentleman who had inadvertently fallen among politicians — C.H.Driver > < fell in with a Russian gentleman and his daughter — Norman Douglas > < he thought he was close to land when he fell in with a ship — Walter Hayward > c. : to set about usually heartily or actively : begin — often used with an infinitive of action < fell to work > or a verbal noun after the prefix a- < fell a-laughing > 6. archaic a. : to revert to a feudal superior — used of a benefice b. : to become vacant — used of an office 7. : to have a certain direction or point of incidence : strike, impinge < a ray of light fell on the table > < music falling on the ear > < the shot fell a great distance from its target > 8. a. : to form an ardent and usually sudden attachment : become passionately or blindly fond or enamored < one look at the girl and he fell — but hard > — usually used with for < have you fallen for that young female grasshopper … at your age — Sinclair Lewis > < he has fallen for the ravishing widow — C.J.Rolo > b. : to become victim of a hoax or deception : become gulled or deceived < they just don't fall any more — Reed Whittemore > — usually used with for < a reform movement that has fallen for a panacea — F.L.Allen > 9. slang : to undergo arrest < he fell twice, for theft and burglary — Wallace Beene > *transitive verb* 1. archaic : to let drop or bring down (as tears or a weapon) 2. dialect England : to receive as one's share : get 3. : fell vt 1 Synonyms: fall, drop, sink, slump, and subside can mean in common to go or let go downward freely. fall, intransitive, suggests a descent by the force of gravity, always implying a loss of support opposing gravity in extension applying to anything extending downward or going figuratively in a downward direction < let a glass fall to the ground and shatter > < the supports gone, the structure fell in a heap > < the roof had fallen in on another speaker — Bennett Cerf > < hair falling over a woman's shoulders > < the birthrate fell over a 6-month period, then rose > < let fall a remark about the weather > drop usually stresses a speed, directness, unexpectedness, or casualness in falling or allowing to fall < dropped a coin into a pond > < dropped seeds into holes > < dropping to the ground at the sound of an air-raid warning > < dropping a hint of coming trouble > < income figures dropped during the slow winter season > sink implies a gradual descending motion, especially into something, often to the point of total submersion < the ship sank gradually into the placid sea > < the float on the fish line sank a moment, then bobbed furiously > < the thermometer sank to far below zero — Douglas Carruthers > < sinking to her knees from exhaustion > slump now implies a falling or collapsing as of someone suddenly powerless or suddenly totally enervated < slumping to the ground, unconscious > < slumped in his seat > < prices slumped badly in the winter > < when a bird falls asleep, it relaxes and slumps down until its body rests against the perch — J.H.Baker > subside suggests a gradual descent or return to a normal or usual position, action, or condition after an undue rising, expanding, boiling up; often it can suggest a sinking below a normal or usual level < a wind rising then subsiding > < he lost a quarter of an hour waiting for the flood to subside — Mary Austin > < the bustle subsides and relative calm is resumed — American Guide Series: North Carolina > < the child's quick temper subsided into listlessness — Agnes Repplier > < after the boom prices subsided to a level far below normal > • - fall a cropper - fall by the wayside - fall down - fall flat - fall foul - fall from - fall from grace - fall home - fall into line - fall off the roof - fall on - fall on one's face - fall over oneself - fall short II. noun (-s) Etymology: Middle English, from Old English feall; akin to Old Frisian, Old Saxon, & Old High German fal fall, Old Norse fall, deverbatives from the root of English fall (I) 1. a. (1) : the act of dropping or descending by the force of gravity < the fall of a stone > < a fall from a horse > < the leading cause of home deaths continued to be falls — Americana Annual > < a fall on the ice > (2) : a guided descent or drop through the air < the fall of an ax > < the fall of a man's foot > specifically : a descent to the floor in modern-dance technique that can be effected in a variety of ways and that resolves into a recovery or rise (3) : a position in which a wrestler's scapular area is held in contact with the mat for a given period of time; also : the act of putting an opponent in this position for the prescribed time b. (1) : a falling out, off, or away : dropping, shedding < the fall of leaves > < a fall of snow > (2) : the season when leaves fall from trees : autumn (3) : the approach or onset especially of night or darkness < he came along the road in the chill fall of the evening — Padraic Colum > c. (1) : a thing or quantity that falls or has fallen < examined the fall of earth at the mouth of the tunnel — G.A.Wagner > < a freak 20-inch fall of rain > specifically : one or more meteorites or their fragments that have fallen together at one place and time (2) : birth or production by birth; also : something which is so produced < a good fall of lambs > d. : something that hangs down < pushed back the fall of hair from her forehead — Berton Roueché > as (1) : a costume decoration of lace or thin fabric arranged to hang loosely and gracefully especially from the back edge of a bonnet (2) : a very wide collar of fine fabric and lace worn in the 17th century especially by Cavaliers (3) : the part of a turned-over collar from the crease to the outer edge — compare stand (4) : a wide front flap on trousers (as those worn by sailors) (5) : the freely hanging lower edge of the skirt of a coat — often used in plural < would have done it … had I not taken him by the falls of his skirt — Hugh McCrae > (6) : one of the three outer and often drooping segments of the flower of an iris — usually used in plural (7) : long hair overhanging the face of certain terriers (8) : a hoisting-tackle rope or chain; especially : the part of it to which the power is applied (9) : boat fall e. : the manner in which something hangs down < the fall of a woman's hair > 2. a. : loss of greatness, power, status, influence, or dominion : collapse, downfall < the fall of the Roman Empire > < the rise and fall of business firms — Economic Journal > specifically : loss of office by a government or ministry especially as a result of an adverse parliamentary vote < the fall of a government on a vote of confidence > b. : the surrender or capture of a besieged fortress or town < the fall of Troy > c. (1) : lapse or departure from innocence or goodness : spiritual ruin < fall from virtue > — used with the and often cap. in reference to the fall of man reported in Gen 3 (2) : loss of a woman's chastity (3) : the cause of falling from virtue, grace, or power < his stubbornness was his fall > 3. a. : the descent of land or a hill : downward direction : slope, declivity < the well-remembered fall of the land, dropping away to the old rice fields — Hamilton Basso > b. : precipitous descent of water : cascade, cataract, waterfall < the first fall is about 60 feet high — American Guide Series: Tennessee > — usually plural but often sing. in constr. < the falls of Niagara > < the upper falls has a sheer plunge of 20 feet — Journal of Geology > c. (1) : a musical cadence (2) : double appoggiatura d. : a falling-pitch intonation in speech 4. : diminution or decrease in size, quantity, or degree : decline < the persistently steep fall in immigration — Peter Scott > < it was a compensation for a fall in excitement and satisfaction in their … lives — W.D.Howells > < the main fall in the average family size … had already taken place — Roy Lewis & Angus Maude > < the steady fall in purchasing power > specifically : diminution or decrease in price or value < recent heavy falls in the stock market > < a fall of rents > 5. a. : the distance or extent to which something falls or slopes : the difference between levels < a cultivated field … with a fall of five feet in a hundred feet — J.B.Robson > < a fall of five points in the price of a stock > < the Mississippi has a fall of 620 feet between Minnesota and the Gulf — American Guide Series: Minnesota > b. : inclination, pitch < a flat roof with a barely perceptible fall > < adjust the fall of the gutter so the water would run along it faster > 6. a. : the act of felling b. : the quantity of trees cut down 7. Scotland : something that befalls one : fortune, lot < may good fortune be your fall > 8. slang : arrest < served time on narcotics and prostitution falls — Jack Lait & Lee Mortimer > • - take a fall out of III. adjective : of fall or autumn : being such as occurs, matures, is done, or is suited for use or wear in the fall < bought a fall coat > < brisk fall weather >
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