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单词 philosophy
释义 phi·los·o·phy
\fə̇ˈläs(ə)fē, -fi sometimes -äzəf-\ noun
(-es)
Etymology: Middle English philosophie, from Old French, from Latin philosophia, from Greek, from phil- + sophia wisdom, from sophos wise + -ia -y
1.
 a. : a love or pursuit of wisdom : a search for the underlying causes and principles of reality : investigation, inquiry
  < philosophy is a natural function of the human mind — Stuart Hampshire >
  — see first philosophy
 b. : a quest for truth through logical reasoning rather than factual observation
  < every advance in knowledge robs philosophy of some problems which formerly it had — Bertrand Russell >
 c. : a critical examination of the grounds for fundamental beliefs and an analysis of the basic concepts employed in the expression of such beliefs
  < the job of philosophy is the study and statement of the logic, informal and formal, of the employment of expressions — V.C.Aldrich >
 d. : a synthesis of learning
  < it is the primary aim of philosophy to unify completely … all departments of rational thought — Henry Sidgwick >
2.
 a. archaic : the study of natural phenomena : physical science — see second philosophy
 b. : the study of the principles of human nature and conduct : ethics
 c. : a science that comprises all learning exclusive only of technical precepts and practical arts
 d. : the coordinate disciplines of sciences and liberal arts exclusive only of medicine, law, and theology
  < the philosophy of the medieval universities >
  < the academic degree doctor of philosophy >
  < an English bachelor of philosophy >
 e. : a science that comprises logic, ethics, aesthetics, metaphysics, and epistemology
3.
 a. : a system of motivating beliefs, concepts, and principles
  < the philosophy of a culture determines the general pattern of its … institutions — David Bidney >
  < three philosophies contending for dominance in contemporary politics — Times Literary Supplement >
  < the changing philosophy of the courts with regard to many questions — Margaret Nicholson >
  < set the … philosophy and the basic course of the museum — Roger Angell >
 b. : a basic theory concerning a particular subject, process, or sphere of activity
  < design philosophy in chemical plants — D.E.Pierce >
  — usually used with of
  < philosophy of religion >
  < philosophy of education >
  < the whole philosophy of the bill is to ignore the realities — New Republic >
  < a chance to prove my philosophy of flying the mail — C.A.Lindbergh b.1902 >
  < automation is a completely new philosophy of production — John Diebold >
4.
 a. : the sum of an individual's ideas and convictions : personal attitude
  < lived by the plain philosophy … do your best, be loyal to your friends, never forget your enemies — Time >
  < every writer has not one but two philosophies — his more or less conscious artistic credo and … his often unconscious vision of life and scheme of values — Max Lerner & Edwin Mims >
 b. : calmness of temper and judgment befitting a philosopher : mental serenity or equanimity
  < this is the place that calls out all a composer's self-control; it's a moment for philosophy — Aaron Copland >
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更新时间:2024/12/24 8:34:04