英语词汇“firm”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

单词	firm
释义	firm I. \ˈfərm, -ə̄m, -əim\ adjective (-er/-est) Etymology: alteration (influenced by Latin firmus) of Middle English ferm, ferme, from Middle French ferm, from Latin firmus; akin to Latin fretus trusting, daring, Greek thrēsasthai to sit down, thronos chair, throne, Sanskrit dhārayati he holds, carries, keeps; basic meaning: holding, supporting 1. a. : securely or solidly fixed in place : not loose : immovable < his teeth were firm — D.B.Chidsey > < firm in the saddle > < the gate and its pillars were firm, but at one side the fence had fallen — John Glassco > b. (1) : not weak, wavering, or uncertain : solid, robust < walked with a firm tread > < a firm handshake > < a firm steady touch on the piano > (2) : sound, healthy < her mind was still firm; but her limbs trembled … violently — Ellen Glasgow > c. : having a solid or compact structure or texture : withstanding stress or pressure : not flabby or soft < firm flesh > < firm muscles > < the snow was firm, not powdery > < the creek has a firm bottom > 2. a. (1) : not subject to change, revision, or withdrawal : fixed, settled, definite, established < at this meeting … two firm decisions were taken — New York Times > < I cannot quote you a firm price > < is this a firm offer > < like a mother with no baby-sitter and a firm date at the theater — E.B.White > (2) : not subject to price weakness on an increase in offerings : steady — used especially of commodities, securities, and interest rates (3) of electric power : dependable or flowing steadily because supplemented by a reserve source b. (1) : not easily moved, shaken, excited, or disturbed : unshaken, convinced, determined < firm nerves > < a firm believer in democracy > < firm confidence in his own ability > (2) : not fickle or vacillating : steadfast, loyal, constant < a firm friend > < firm in his devotion > (3) : making no concessions : showing no weakness : unyielding, rigorous, inflexible, severe, hard < a firm and even tough diplomacy — Hugh Gaitskell > < when a strong hand must be used, be impersonal but firm — Dorothy Barclay > < firm discipline — L.C.Douglas > c. (1) : not easily challenged or undone : assured, secure, strong < took firm possession of the enemy's trenches > < holds a firm position as the country's leading poet > < this horse is a firm favorite for the big race > (2) : well-founded, certain < the fuller and firmer account would have set several facts in clearer … perspective — A.S.P.Woodhouse > : thorough < he has a firm knowledge of the subject > (3) : marked by solidity, precision, or clarity : convincingly, realistically, or solidly drawn < the plot is thin, but the atmosphere is firm — Nicola Chiaromonte > < the deep richness of the book … and its firm design — W.T.Scott > 3. : indicating firmness or resolution < the firm almost arrogant voice of a vigorous young man — E.K.Genn > < a firm mouth > Synonyms: hard, solid: firm may apply to a resistant tight compactness or resilient consistency of substance withstanding strain, stress, or pressure; it may imply stability or resolution < a firm weave > < a firm foundation > < the snow, far from being soft and powdery, was firm and hard — John Hunt & Edmund Hillary > < only the pier actually hit was demolished; the adjoining piers stood firm — O.S.Nock > < he stood firm on recommendations he believed were to the city's benefit, often in the face of popular opposition — Current Biography > < she was firm and determined with a firmness that was impervious to assault > hard may apply to a strong and rigid resistance to pressure or a sound unyielding stability; it may imply unyielding or harsh obduracy < hard coal > < hard wood > < hard cash > < a hard man to deal with > < the oppressive conflict between esthetic values and a hard materialistic view of nature and human nature — Victor Lowe > solid, as opposed to fluid, indicates a density and coherence giving fixed form; as opposed to flimsy or unsubstantial, it indicates strong sound stability; in reference to persons, it may imply complete reliability or sobriety < a solid substance > < the bungalow was a very solid one — Rudyard Kipling > < courses that are solid in purpose and preparation and that are backed up with a maximum of good scholarship — Elizabeth Jacobs > < all we knew was that there was something of force and majesty and authority, solid, consistent, and beautiful — R.A.Cram > II. adverb (-er/-est) Etymology: Middle English ferm, ferme, from ferm, ferme, adjective : fixedly, steadfastly, solidly, firmly — used chiefly in the phrases stand firm and hold firm < if England had not stood firm … our way of life would have gone up the flue — Richard Joseph > < begged his men to hold firm till relief came > III. verb (-ed/-ing/-s) Etymology: Middle English fermen, firmen, from Middle French & Latin; Middle French fermer, from Latin firmare, from firmus *transitive verb* 1. a. (1) : to cause to become firm in texture or consistency : made solid or compact < firm cheese > < firming a light soil by rolling or harrowing — F.D.Smith & Barbara Wilcox > < a new face cream that firms your skin > (2) : to make fast or secure : set firmly : tighten < firm a post in the ground > < firming the grip on the sword — Tom Lea > b. : to bolster the courage or resources of : strengthen in some way : encourage < firmed herself with great care for the day — R.O.Bowen > — often used with up < voted a state of siege to firm up his government — Time > < unless other factors firm up the … price index substantially, it goes down — Wall Street Journal > < his failure to firm up his materialism … with data from the natural and social sciences — P.B.Rice > c. : settle < firm a contract > : confirm, establish 2. obsolete : sign, validate *intransitive verb* 1. : to become firm in some way : take clear, definite, or fixed shape : harden, crystallize, jell < his face firmed and he spoke with restrained anger > < confidence is firming that the slump will be of short duration > — often used with up < opinion on this is firming up, and it's more optimistic than it was — Kiplinger Washington Letter > < the cheese is firming > < diplomats said more informal soundings must take place before things firm up — New York Herald Tribune > 2. : to recover from a decline : expand or rise after a contraction or fall < after a long decline prices are firming again > — often used with up < cattle prices are firming up > < the market firmed up a bit > IV. noun (-s) Etymology: Spanish firma, from firmar to affirm, confirm, sign, from Latin firmare 1. obsolete : signature; especially : official signature of state papers 2. [German firma, from obsolete German, signature, from Italian, from firmare to sign, from Latin firmare to make firm, confirm] a. : the name, title, or style under which a company transacts business : the firm name b. : a partnership of two or more persons not recognized as a legal person distinct from the members composing it — compare company 3 c. : a business unit or enterprise < the organizational framework within which the Soviet firm operates — Holland Hunter >
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