| 释义 |
run
I. \ˈrən\ verb
(ran \ˈran, ˈraa(ə)n\ ; or nonstandard run ; run ; running ; runs)
Etymology: Middle English runnen, ronnen; in intransitive senses, alteration of rinnen, irnen, partly from Old English rinnan, iernan, partly from Old Norse rinna; akin to Old Saxon, Old High German, & Gothic rinnan to run; in transitive senses, alteration of rennen, ernen, partly from Old English ærnan, partly from Old Norse renna; akin to Old Saxon rennian to cause to run, Old High German rennen to cause to run, Gothic urrannjan to cause to rise; causatives from the root of Old English rinnan, iernan; akin to Old English rīsan to rise — more at rise
intransitive verb
1.
a. : to go by moving the legs quickly : go faster than a walk; specifically : to go steadily by springing steps so that both feet leave the ground for an instant in each step
b. of a horse : to move at a fast gallop as distinguished from a canter : move with each leg acting in turn as a propeller and supporter and all four legs being for an instant in the air under the body
c. : flee, retreat, escape
< afraid to fight but ashamed to run >
< dropped his gun and ran >
< obliged to cut and run >
d. : to make a bid in a card game in an effort to escape the consequences of a previous bid
< refrained from doubling four spades for fear he would run to five clubs >
— sometimes used with out
2.
a. : to go without restraint : move freely about at will
< let his chickens run loose >
< liked to run barefoot in the summer >
b. : to keep company : consort — used with with chiefly of male animals
< a ram running with his ewes >
c. : to sail before the wind in distinction from reaching or sailing close-hauled
d. : roam, rove, gad — usually used with about or around
< spends his time running around nights and sleeping all day >
< caught cold running about with no overcoat >
e. : to deviate from a correct path — used of a saw cut
3.
a. : to go rapidly or hurriedly : hasten
< run and fetch the doctor >
b. : to go in urgency or distress : resort
< runs to his mother at every little difficulty >
< don't come running to me when you get in trouble >
c. : to make a quick, easy, or casual trip or visit
< running up to town every week or so >
< just ran over to borrow some sugar >
4.
a. : to contend in a race
< will be able to run tomorrow >
also : to finish a race in a specified place
< ran a poor third >
b. : to enter into an election contest : become a candidate
< I do not choose to run — Calvin Coolidge >
5.
a. : to move on or as if on wheels : glide
< the hoist runs on an overhead track >
< file drawers running on ball bearings >
< the tractor runs on an endless chain tread >
b.
(1) : to roll forward rapidly or freely
< the cue ball ran straight into the side pocket >
(2) of a golf ball : to bound or roll along after touching the ground subsequent to the carry
< ran some 10 yards onto the green >
c. : to pass or slide freely along
< rope runs through the pulley >
d. : to ravel lengthwise owing to a dropped or broken stitch
< stockings guaranteed not to run >
6. : to sing or play a musical passage quickly
< run up the scale >
7.
a. : to go back and forth : ply
< a ferry runs to the island each hour >
b. of fish : to migrate or move in schools; especially : to ascend a river to spawn
8.
a. : turn, rotate
< a swiftly running grindstone >
< let the motor run until it warms up >
b. : function, operate, work
< an engine that runs on kerosine or gasoline >
< things are running smoothly at the office now >
< expense of keeping the old car running >
9.
a. : to continue in force or operation : remain effective
< the contract has two more years to run >
< six months on each charge, the sentences to run concurrently >
b. : to accompany as a valid obligation or right
< covenants the rights and liabilities of which pass to assignees run with the land >
c. : to continue to accrue or become payable in an amount increasing with the passing of time
< interest on the loan runs from last July 1st >
10. : to pass from one state to another
< run into trouble >
< run into debt >
11.
a. : to flow rapidly
< a brook running high with meltwater >
or under pressure
< someone left the hot water running >
< feelings were running high on both sides of the dispute >
< tide running out >
b. : to change to a liquid state : melt, fuse
< heat a pipe joint until the solder runs >
< the icing had begun to run >
c. : to spread out, diffuse, or dissolve
< colors guaranteed not to fade or run >
< the writing was blurred where the ink had run on the wet pages >
d. : to discharge pus or serum
< a running sore >
e. dialect : curdle
f. of soil : to become fluid or pasty when wet
12.
a. : to develop rapidly in some specific direction; especially : to throw out an elongated and often vining shoot of growth
< the early squashes are beginning to run and flower >
b. : to tend to produce or develop a specified quality or feature — usually used with to
< they run to big noses in that family >
< this tree runs to quite tart fruit >
13.
a. : to lie in or take a certain direction
< the boundary line runs east from the stone >
< his action runs counter to prevailing practice >
< the printed matter on this page runs the short way of the page >
< a red thread runs through the cloth >
b. : to lie or extend in relation to something
< where the road runs close to the shore >
< a path runs along the ridge >
< the fence runs along two sides of the field >
< heating pipes ran overhead >
c. : to go back : reach
< a custom since the time that no man's mind runs to the contrary >
< born of a line running back to King Alfred >
d. : to be in a certain form or expression
< his letter runs as follows >
or order of succession
< the house numbers in this block run in odd numbers from 3 to 57 >
14.
a. : to occur intermittently and persistently : recur — usually used with through or in
< a note of despair runs through the whole narrative >
< musical talent seems to run in his family >
< tune kept running in his head >
< thoughts and memories of home kept running through his mind >
b. : to continue to be of a specified size or character or quality
< peaches are running unusually large this year >
< profits were running high >
c. : to continue at a certain rate or value
< this ore runs as high as $200 to the ton >
d. : to exist or occur in a continuous range of variation
< guesses at his real age run from 39 to 45 or higher >
e. : to play on a stage a number of successive days or nights
< the piece ran for six months >
15.
a. : to spread or pass quickly from point to point
< chills ran up his spine >
< a whisper ran through the crowd >
< a shout ran down the line of soldiers >
< fire ran swiftly over the oily sea >
b. : to be current : spread abroad : pass from mouth to mouth
< the story runs that they have been secretly married for months >
< speculation ran rife on who the candidate would be >
transitive verb
1.
a. : to cause (an animal) to go at speed : ride or drive fast
b. : to bring to a specified condition by or as if by running
< he almost ran himself to death >
< fie, now you run this humor out of breath — Shakespeare >
c. : to go in pursuit of : hunt, chase
< run a deer >
< the dog was caught running sheep and had to be shot >
d. : to follow the trail of backwards : trace
< ran the rumor to its source >
e. : to enter, register, or enroll as a contestant in a race
< ran the filly in the half mile >
f. : to put forward as a candidate for office
< ran him for governor >
2.
a. : to drive (livestock) especially to a grazing place
< run cattle to pasture >
b. : to provide pasturage for (livestock)
< land that will run three sheep to the acre >
c. : to keep or maintain (livestock) on or as if on pasturage
< run a few head of stock >
< run 2,000,000 chickens a year >
d. : to put (a male animal) with females for breeding
< flush the ram before running him with the ewes >
3.
a. : to pass over, traverse, or cover by or as if by running
< quick at fielding and running bases >
< the disease has run its course >
< her acting ran the whole range of emotions >
b. : to accomplish or perform by or as if by running
< ran a great race >
< running errands for a bank >
c. : to flee from
< ran the country after the robbery >
d. : to slip through or past
< run a blockade >
< run a guard >
< run a traffic signal >
4.
a. : to cause to slip into or through : thrust
< ran the spear through his body >
< ran a splinter into his toe >
< ran his hand into his pocket >
b. : stitch; especially : to sew with running stitches
< run a basting to mark the waistline >
< run a line of stitching >
c. : to cause to pass : lead
< run a rope through a pulley >
< run a wire in from the antenna >
d. : to cause to collide
< ran his head into a post >
e. : smuggle
5. : to cause to pass lightly or quickly over, along, or into something
< ran his eye down the list >
< ran his fingers along the shelf >
< run your hand over the tabletop to see if the varnish is dry >
< ran his tongue over his parched lips >
6.
a. : to cause or allow (as a vehicle, a vessel) to go in a specified manner or direction
< ran the ship aground on a sandbar >
< ran his car off the road >
b. : operate
< run a lawn mower >
< run a taxi >
c. : to carry on : manage, conduct
< run a factory >
< run a travel bureau >
< the men who run things in this city >
7.
a. : to be full of or drenched with : flow with
< the streets ran blood >
< all the brooks ran gold — A.E.Housman >
b. : contain, assay
< tailing runs 2 percent zinc >
8.
a. : to cause to move or flow in a specified way or into a specified position
< run sheets through a wringer >
< run cards into a file >
b. : fan 7b
9.
a. : to melt and cast in a mold
< run bullets >
b. : to make (a resin) soluble in oil by subjecting to thermal processing
c. : treat, process, refine
< run oil in a still >
d. : to pour into the cracks and joints of a pavement
< run tar >
or into a form
< run concrete >
e. : to apply (as paint) by flowing
< run a wash >
also : to cover (a surface) by flowing on
< run a wall >
f. : to form (a molding) with plaster
g. : to pass (starch slurry) down a run
10. : to make oneself liable to : expose oneself to : incur
< ran the risk of discovery by lighting a fire >
11. : to mark out : cause to be drawn
< run a contour line in surveying land >
< run a line through the word to be deleted >
12. : to permit (as charges, accounts, bills) to accumulate before settling
< run an account at the grocery >
13.
a. : to run off
< a book to be run on lightweight paper >
< a job to be run 4-up >
b. : to carry in a printed medium : print
< every newspaper ran the story >
< run this advertisement for 3 days >
c. : to use as a direct printing surface
< you may stereotype these woodcuts but do not run them >
14.
a. : to make (a series of counts) without a miss
< run 19 in an inning in billiards >
b. card games : to lead winning cards of (a suit) successively and usually until no more remain
15. : to make (a golf ball) roll foward after alighting
< ran his ball past the cup >
16. croquet : to play one's ball through (a wicket) or against (a stake)
Synonyms:
race, course, career: run is the general term in this set, indicating either a rapid or more-or-less normal movement or motion
< a halfback running laterally >
< busses running on Elm Street >
< the watch had stopped running >
race almost always indicates great speed or rapidity, often in or as though in urgent situations with freedom from normal inhibitions
< he raced for a small dune and flung himself down behind it — Irwin Shaw >
< thoughts were under control no longer: they raced desperately — as she had once seen a dog race … running desperately and hopelessly from inescapable terror — Margery Sharp >
course in this sense may indicate rapid or pulsating motion or activity, often following a definite or expected course or channel
< reconnaissance aircraft coursed North Korea — New York Times >
< her hand became a closer prisoner. All at once an alarming delicious shudder went through her frame. From him to her it coursed — George Meredith >
< new life coursing through Europe's stagnant economic system — R.A.Billington >
career is likely to indicate high speed with headlong impetus or, occas., with veering or rocking motion
< careering through the salons on a bicycle — Time >
< blind historians careering on their juggernauts of theory — Times Literary Supplement >
< intoxicated cats careering through out houses — F.A.Swinnerton >
•
- run across
- run after
- run against
- run at check
- run a temperature
- run cunning
- run division
- run down the latitude
- run false
- run foul of
- run free
- run heelway
- run in the blood
- run into
- run in with
- run mad
- run ragged
- run rings around
- run riot
- run scared
- run short
- run short of
- run the cards
- run to cover
- run to earth
- run to seed
- run track
- run upon
- run wild
II. noun
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English rune, from runnen, ronnen to run — more at run I
1.
a. : an act or the action of running : continued and usually rapid movement
< walked faster and faster finally breaking into a run >
< let the dogs out for a run >
< police arrived on the run >
b. : a quickened gallop
c.
(1) : the act of migrating or ascending a river to spawn — used of fish
(2) : an assemblage or school of fishes that migrate or ascend a river to spawn
d. : a running race
< a mile run >
— distinguished from dash
e.
(1) : a score made in cricket each time the batsmen safely change ends after a hit or when the ball is in play — compare boundary, extra
(2) : a score made in baseball by a runner reaching home plate safely after touching the three bases in order — compare home run
f. : strength or ability to run
< the first two laps took most of the run out of him >
2.
a. chiefly Midland : creek 2
b. : a swift tidal current
c. : a pronounced swell or markedly choppy condition of the surface of the water
< there was a run of sea in the harbor — John Masefield >
d. : something that flows in the course of a certain operation or during a certain time
< a run of must in wine making >
< the first run of sap in sugar maple >
— compare forerun
3.
a. : the afterpart of the underwater body of a ship from where it begins to curve or slope upward and inward to the stern — compare entrance 7; see ship illustration
b. : the direction in which a vein of ore lies
c. : a direction of secondary or minor cleavage : grain
< run of a mass of granite >
— compare rift 4
d. : an irregular body of ore having an approximately horizontal direction
e. : the horizontal distance to which a mine drift is or may be carried
f.
(1) : the length of the base of a right triangle
(2) : the horizontal distance measured from the face of one riser to that of the next
(3) : the horizontal distance covered by a flight of steps
(4) : the horizontal distance from the wall plate to the center line of a building
< the rise of a rafter per foot of run >
(5) : extent measured linearly
< the bridge carries a load of 500 pounds per foot run >
g. : the distance irrigation water must flow from the supply ditch to the end of the field or to the lower level
h. : general tendency or direction
< kept in touch with the general run of the stock market >
4. : a continuous series especially of things of identical or similar sort
< a run of poor poker hands >
as
a. : a rapid scale passage in vocal or instrumental music
b. dancing : a number of rapid, small, elastic steps executed in even tempo
c. : the act of making successively a number of successful shots or strokes; also : the score thus made
< run of 15 balls in pool >
< a run of 20 in billiards >
d. : an unbroken course of being repeated (as of a play on the stage)
e.
(1) : a set of consecutive measurements, readings, or observations
(2) mathematics : a maximal subsequence of elements of like kind in any ordered sequence of elements of two kinds
f. : a train of cars in a mine
g. : persistent and heavy demands from depositors, creditors, or customers
< a run on a bank >
< a run on limited stocks of goods in a store >
h. : a heavy demand for a printing sort not ordinarily needed in quantity
i. : sequence 2b
j. : a stereotyped passage of narrative or description introduced into Gaelic popular tales
5. : the quantity of work turned out in a continuous operation: as
a. : the paper made in a continuous operation (as to fill a given order or part of an order)
b. : a single distillation of a given amount of material
c. : pipeline run
d. : the quantity of lumber cut from a log
e. : a numbering unit for woolen yarns based on the number of 1,600-yard hanks to a pound
< a two-run yarn has 3,200 yards to a pound >
6. : the usual or normal kind, character, type, or group
< the general run of modern fiction >
< average run of college graduates >
< his whole appearance was … out of the common run — Washington Irving >
7.
a. : a caving in of a mine working
b. : a fall of a cage in a mine shaft
c. : deviation of a tool from a correct path
8.
a. : the distance covered in a period of continuous traveling or sailing
< betting on the day's run of the ship >
b. : a course or route mapped out and traveled with regularity
< the run of the “Twentieth Century Limited” between New York and Chicago >
c. : a single or essentially continuous journey : trip
< a ship on her regular run to Europe >
< a 10,000 mile test run for gasoline mileage >
d. : bomb run
e. : a news reporter's regular territory : beat
< covering the labor run >
f. : the distance a golf ball travels after touching the ground from a stroke
g. : freedom of movement in or access to a place or area
< has the run of the whole neighborhood >
< has the run of his friend's house including the kitchen >
9.
a. : the period during which a machine or plant is in continuous operation; specifically : the period in the manufacture of water gas during which steam is admitted at the end of the blow and the gas is produced — compare back run
b. : a test or proof of a process, a material (as ore), or a machine
< a laboratory run >
10.
a. : a way, track, or path frequented by animals
< a rabbit run >
< a beaver run >
< poisoning rat runs >
b. : an enclosure for livestock where they may feed and exercise — often used in combination
< fowl run >
< hog run >
c. Australia : a large area of land used for grazing
< sheep run >
: ranch, station
< run-holder >
d. : the bower of a bowerbird
e. : an inclined passage between levels in a mine
f. : an inclined plane for a passageway (as in a theater) : ramp
g. : the clear space not less than 15 feet in length and immediately back of the foul line from which a bowler delivers his ball
11.
a. : an inclined course for coasting, skiing, or bobsledding
b. : a support (as a track, pipe, trough) on which something runs
< sash run in a window frame >
< overhead run for a traveling hoist >
c. : a settling trough for slimes used in working ore
d. : a long slightly inclined table used in washing starch free from gluten, fiber, and other impurities
12.
a. : a ravel in a knitted fabric (as in hosiery) caused by the breaking or dropping of one or more stitches
b. : a paint defect occurring at the time of application caused by excessive flow
13. : a pair of millstones
14. : the distance between two degrees or assigned points on an arc or curved scale (as of a surveying instrument); also : the value of a division of the scale in seconds of arc
15. runs plural but singular or plural in construction : diarrhea — not often in polite use
•
- by the run
- in the long run
III. adjective
Etymology: from past participle of run (I)
1.
a. : melted
< run butter >
< run honey >
b. : made from molten material : cast in a mold
< run metal >
< run joint >
2. : smuggled
< run diamonds >
3. Scotland
a. : thorough, outright
b. : continuous, running
4. of fish : having made a migration or spawning run
< a fresh run salmon >
5. : exhausted or winded from running |