英语词汇“fundamental”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

单词	fundamental
释义	fun·da·men·tal I. \\|fəndə\|ment^əl\ adjective Etymology: Middle English, from Late Latin fundamentalis of a foundation, from Latin fundamentum + -alis -al 1. : producing, supporting, regulating, or conditioning something (as a development or system) : basic, underlying — often used with to < responsibility is fundamental to democracy > a. : serving as an original or generating source : being the one from which others are derived : primary < the chronicle is the fundamental account of the era from which all later historians drew > : formative < the various theories developed from that fundamental idea > b. : serving as a basis supporting existence or determining essential structure or function : forming the foundation on which something immaterial is built < the productivity fundamental to a sound economy > < the fundamental rules governing all scientific experiments > c. : constituting a necessary or elemental quality, part, or condition : indispensable < American business sagacity had been fundamental in that triumph — Bernard DeVoto > : irreducible < considered the atom the fundamental unit of matter > 2. a. : of or extending or relating to essential structure, function, or facts : going to the root of the matter < naïve as the child's questions may sound, they are fundamental — W.K.Livingstone > : radical < distinguish fundamental from superficial differences > < monarchy had undergone fundamental changes beneath its continuing forms > : elementary < less fundamental and general instruction and more advanced and specialized study > specifically : of or dealing with general principles (as of a chemical or electrical process) rather than practical application : pure < fundamental science > b. : concerned with fundamentals (as of life or religion); specifically : fundamentalist < replace modernist with fundamental Bible lessons > < a preacher who is evangelical, Bible-teaching, and fundamental > 3. : serving as or employing an arbitrarily established standard, reference point, or basis of reckoning < fundamental units of measurement > < taking the equator as the fundamental circle > 4. a. of a musical chord or its position : having the root in the bass b. : of, relating to, or produced by the lowest component of a complex vibration 5. : being or constituting the lowest geological formation : basal < the fundamental gneiss of the British isles > 6. : of central importance : principal < lost sight of his fundamental purpose in the pursuit of secondary aims > : vital < such fundamental events as birth, marriage, and death > 7. : forming a sustained or recurring element : serving as a background or starting point < used black jute as the fundamental material with patterns in colored thread > < in the fundamental position the boxer's right arm is leading, his left guarding > specifically : forming the underlying pattern or image in a work of art < the conductor feels … doubt as to whether he should beat auxiliary beats or fundamental beats — Warwick Braithwaite > < obscures the fundamental image of his poem with ornate metaphor > 8. : belonging to one's innate or ingrained characteristics : deep-rooted < fatigue nor worry nor professordom could extinguish his fundamental gaiety — John Mason Brown > Synonyms: see essential II. noun (-s) 1. : something fundamental; especially : one of the minimum constituents without which a thing would not be what it is or on which all further development is founded — often used in plural < reading, writing, spelling, and arithmetic are fundamentals of education > 2. a. : the prime tone of any given harmonic series that gives the heard pitch of the tone sounded — compare overtone b. : the root of a chord 3. : the harmonic component of a complex vibration or wave train (as a sound wave) that has the lowest frequency and commonly the greatest amplitude Synonyms: see principle
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