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单词 the short and the long
释义

long1 /long/

adjective (longer /longˈgər/, obsolete lengˈer; longest /longˈgist/, obsolete lengˈest)
  1. Not short
  2. Of a specified (or to be specified) length
  3. Extended in space in the direction of greatest extension
  4. Far-extending
  5. Extended in time
  6. Of extended continuance
  7. Taking a considerable time to utter or do
  8. Distant in time (rare)
  9. Of distant date
  10. Requiring much time in utterance or performance
  11. (of a speech sound) of extended duration (phonetics)
  12. (of a syllable) loosely, accented
  13. (of a vowel) loosely, in a long syllable
  14. (of a dress, etc) coming down to the ankles, full-length
  15. (of the memory) retentive
  16. (of a word) abstruse or grandiose
  17. Numerically extensive
  18. (of eg a suit of cards) of more than average number
  19. Exceeding the standard value, as in long dozen, long hundred
  20. Having a large holding in a commodity or security, in expectation of a rise in prices (finance)
  21. (of a chance) remote
  22. Tedious
noun
  1. A long time
  2. A long syllable (prosody)
  3. A long signal in Morse code
  4. The long summer university vacation (informal)
  5. An obsolete note equal to two (in ‘perfect’ time three) breves (also longa; music)
  6. (in pl) long trousers
  7. (in pl) long-dated securities
adverb (compar and superl as for adjective)
  1. For, during, or by, a great extent of time
  2. Throughout the whole time
  3. Far in space (rare)
combining form

Denoting eg of a specified length (as year-long, mile-long)

intransitive verb

To yearn (with for)

ORIGIN: OE lang, long (adj), lange, longe (adv); Ger lang, ON langr; L longus

longˈa noun (music)

A long

longˈing noun

An eager desire, craving

adjective

Yearning

longˈingly adverb

longish /longˈish or -gish/ adjective

longˈly adverb (Shakespeare)

Long

longˈness noun (rare)

longˈsome adjective (archaic and dialect)

Long and tedious

longˈways or (N American) longˈwise adverb

Lengthways

longˈ-agoˈ adjective

Of the far past

noun

The far past

longˈ-and-shortˈ work see longs and shorts below.

long arm noun

Far-reaching power

longˈboard noun

A surfboard, skateboard, etc of greater than normal length

longˈboat noun

  1. The largest and strongest boat of a ship
  2. A longship

longˈbow noun

A bow drawn by hand as distinct from the crossbow

longˈ-breathed (or /-brethtˈ/) adjective

Able to continue violent exercise of the lungs for a long time

longcase clock noun

A grandfather clock

longˈ-chain adjective (chem)

Having a long chain of atoms in the molecule

longˈcloth noun

A cotton made in long pieces

longˈ-clothes or (obsolete) longˈ-coats plural noun

Long garments for a baby

long corner noun

(in hockey) a free stroke taken from the corner of the goal line

longˈ-daˈted adjective

Of securities, due for redemption in more than fifteen years

long-day plant noun

A plant that will only flower after being exposed to conditions of long days and short nights

longˈ-descendˈed adjective

Of ancient lineage

longˈ-distˈance adjective

  1. Going or extending to or over a long distance or time
  2. (of a chance) remote

adverb

Over a long distance

long division noun (mathematics)

Division in which the working is shown in full

long dozen noun

Thirteen

longˈ-drawn-outˈ adjective

  1. Prolonged
  2. Unduly protracted

long drink noun

A large thirst-quenching drink (sometimes alcoholic) in a tall glass

longˈ-eared adjective

With long ears or ear-like feather-tufts

long face noun

A dismal expression

longˈ-faced adjective

Dismal-looking

long field noun (cricket)

A fielder or position near the boundary on the bowler's side, long off or long on

longˈ-firm noun

A company of swindlers who obtain goods on pretence of being established in business, and then decamp without payment

longˈ-hair noun

  1. A long-haired animal or person
  2. A highbrow (also adjective)

longˈ-haired adjective

  1. Having long hair or fur
  2. Unconventional, hippy
  3. Highbrow

longˈhand noun

Ordinary writing as distinct from shorthand

long haul noun

  1. A journey over a great distance
  2. Any activity requiring lengthy effort (figurative)

longˈ-haul adjective

longˈ-head noun

A dolichocephal

longˈ-headed adjective

  1. Dolichocephalous
  2. Shrewd
  3. Sagacious

longˈ-headˈedness noun

long home noun

The grave

long hop noun (cricket)

A short-pitched, high-bouncing, ball that is easy to hit

longˈhorn noun

  1. An animal belonging to a breed of cattle with long horns
  2. A longhorn beetle with long antennae (house longhorn beetle, a beetle whose larvae are very destructive to house timbers)
  3. A long-eared owl

longˈhouse noun

  1. A long communal house, eg in SE Asia or among certain Native American peoples, esp the Iroquois
  2. A large oblong hall or dwelling built by the Vikings (archaeology)

long hundred see under hundred

long iron noun (golf)

An iron club used to play long-range shots

long johns plural noun

Long underpants

long jump noun

An athletic contest in which competitors jump as far as possible along the ground from a running start

long jumper noun

long jumping noun

longˈleaf pine noun

A N American pine tree (Pinus palustris)

long leg noun (cricket)

A fielder, or a fielding position, on the boundary behind the batsman on the legside

longˈ-legged adjective

Having long legs

longˈ-legs noun

A cranefly

long lens noun

A telephoto lens

longˈ-life adjective

(of foodstuffs) treated so as to prolong freshness

longˈ-line noun

A long fishing-line with many hooks attached

adjective

(of clothing) long or lengthened in shape, as of a brassière or top extending over the ribcage

longˈ-liner noun

A fishing vessel that uses long-lines

longˈ-lining noun

The practice of fishing with long-lines

longˈlist noun

A preliminary list from which a shortlist is subsequently selected

transitive verb

To include in a longlist

longˈ-lived /-livdˈ or -līvdˈ/ adjective

Having a long life

long mark noun

A macron

long measure noun

  1. Lineal measure
  2. (also long metre) quatrains of eight-syllable lines

long moss noun

A tropical American rootless epiphyte (Tillandsia usneoides) of the pineapple family, resembling bunches of hair

longˈ-nineˈ noun (obsolete US)

A cheap cigar

long odds plural noun

In betting, a remote chance, unfavourable odds in terms of risk, favourable in terms of potential gain

long off noun (cricket)

A fielder, or a fielding position, on the boundary behind the bowler on the offside

long-oil see oil length under oil

long on noun (cricket)

A fielder, or a fielding position, on the boundary behind the bowler on the onside

long paddock noun (Aust)

The grass verge of a road, sometimes used for grazing animals on

long-persistence screen noun

A cathode-ray tube coated with long afterglow (up to several seconds) phosphor

long pig noun (old)

Human flesh as food for cannibals

longˈ-playing adjective

Of a gramophone record, giving length in reproduction because of the extremely fine groove and slow rotation

longˈprimˈer noun (printing)

A size of type (about 10-point) intermediate between small pica and bourgeois

longˈ-purˈples noun

  1. The early purple orchis
  2. Purple loosestrife

long QT syndrome noun (medicine)

A hereditary disorder affecting the electrical rhythm of the heart (abbrev LQTS)

longˈ-range adjective

  1. (of weapons) long in range, designed to reach remote targets
  2. (of aircraft, etc) covering long distances without having to refuel
  3. (of a forecast) extending well into the future

long robe see under robe1

longˈ-runˈning adjective

Continuing over a long period

longs and shorts plural noun

  1. Greek or Latin verses
  2. (also long-and-short work) masonry of alternate vertical and horizontal blocks, as in quoins and jambs

long sheep noun

A long-woolled sheep

longˈship noun (historical)

A distinctive type of long vessel built by the Vikings

long shot noun

  1. (a bet, entry, venture, etc with) a remote chance of success
  2. A shot taken at a distance from the object filmed

longˈ-sightˈed adjective

  1. Able to see far but not close at hand
  2. Hypermetropic
  3. Presbyopic
  4. Having foresight
  5. Sagacious

longˈ-sightˈedly adverb

longˈ-sightˈedness noun

longˈ-sixˈes plural noun (archaic)

Candles weighing six to a pound

longˈ-spun adjective

Long-drawn-out, tedious

longˈspur noun

Any bunting of the genera Calcarius and Rhyncophanes with a long claw on the hind toe

longˈ-standˈing adjective

Of long existence or continuance

longˈ-staˈple adjective

Having a long fibre

longˈ-stay adjective

  1. Of eg patients in a hospital, staying permanently or semi-permanently
  2. (of a car park) allowing patrons to leave their cars for days or weeks rather than hours

long stop noun

  1. A fielder, or a fielding position (now largely disused), directly behind the wicket to stop balls missed by the wicketkeeper (cricket)
  2. A person or thing that acts as a final safeguard or check (figurative)

longˈ-stop intransitive verb

To field as long stop

longˈ-suffˈering adjective

Enduring long and patiently

noun

Long endurance or patience

longˈ-suffˈeringly adverb

long suit noun

  1. The suit with most cards in a player's hand
  2. A particular talent, good quality, or advantage that one has

long tail noun (commerce)

The phenomenon by which a large number of less popular products can generate more revenue than a small number of highly successful ones

longˈ-tail noun

  1. An animal, esp a dog, with an uncut tail (also adjective)
  2. A greyhound

longˈ-term adjective

  1. Extending over a long time
  2. (of a policy) concerned with time ahead as distinct from the immediate present

longˈ-time adjective

Enduring for a long time

long-togs, long Tom, long ton see under tog1, tom1 and ton1 respectively.

longˈ-tongued adjective

  1. Having a long tongue
  2. Talkative, babbling

longˈ-track (skating or) speedskating noun

Speedskating in which contestants race around a 400-metre track, usu in pairs against the clock

long vacation noun

A long holiday during the summer, when schools, etc are closed

long view noun

The taking into consideration of events, etc in the distant future

longˈ-visˈaged adjective

  1. Long-faced
  2. With a rueful countenance

longˈ-waistˈed adjective

  1. Of a garment, having a deep or dropped waist
  2. (of a person) long from the armpits to the hips

longˈwall noun

A long working face in a coalmine (longwall system or working a mining technique in which a seam is exposed along its length then removed, layer by layer)

longˈ-wave adjective (radio)

Of, or using, wavelengths over 1000 metres

longwearˈing adjective

Of clothes, that may be worn for a long time without wearing out, hard-wearing

long whist see under whist2

longˈ-windˈed adjective

  1. Long-breathed
  2. Tediously wordy and circumlocutory

longˈ-windˈedly adverb

longˈ-windˈedness noun

a long figure (slang)

A high price or rate

a long purse

Abundance of money

as long as

Provided only that

before long or (poetic or facetious) ere long

Soon

draw the long bow see under bow2

go long (finance)

To acquire more holdings in commodities or securities in expectation of a rise in prices

in the long run see under run

long on

Well supplied with

long since

A long time ago

make a long arm (informal)

To help oneself freely at table

make a long nose

To cock a snook or put a thumb to the nose as a vulgar gesture

no longer

Not now as formerly

not by a long shot

Not by any means

not long for this world

Near death

so long (informal)

Goodbye (poss from Ar salaam peace, used as a word of farewell)

so long as

Provided only that

the long and the short (of it) or (esp Shakespeare) the short and the long (of it)

The sum of the matter in a few words

short /shört/

adjective
  1. Of little length, tallness, extent, or duration
  2. In the early future (as short day, date)
  3. Concise
  4. Curt or abrupt
  5. Snappish
  6. (of pastry, etc) crisp yet readily crumbling
  7. On the near side
  8. (of memory) not retentive
  9. Failing to go far enough or reach the standard or level required
  10. Deficient
  11. Lacking (in)
  12. Scanty, in inadequate supply
  13. In default
  14. Unable to meet engagements
  15. Relating to the sale of what one cannot supply
  16. Not being in possession of shares, etc at the time of sale in anticipation of a fall in prices before their delivery date (finance)
  17. (of a vowel sound) being the briefer of two possible lengths of vowel (phonetics)
  18. In accentual verse, loosely, unaccented (prosody)
  19. (of an alcoholic drink) undiluted with water, neat (informal)
  20. Having short wool
  21. (of glass) fast-setting
  22. (of metal) brittle (mining)
  23. (of certain fielding positions) relatively near the batsman (cricket)
  24. (of a bowled ball) bouncing at some distance from the batsman (cricket)
adverb
  1. Briefly
  2. Abruptly
  3. Curtly
  4. Without leaving a stump
  5. On this or the near side
  6. At a disadvantage (eg taken short)
  7. See sell short under sell1
noun
  1. That which is short
  2. Shortness, abbreviation, summary
  3. A short circuit
  4. (in pl) short trousers (ie thigh- or knee-length, as opposed to ankle-length)
  5. (in pl) undershorts (US)
  6. (in pl) the bran and coarse part of meal, in mixture
  7. (in pl) short-dated securities
  8. Someone who sells short (stock exchange)
  9. A short film subordinate to a main film in a programme
  10. A drink of spirits (informal)
  11. (in pl) a deficiency (N American)
transitive verb

To short-change

transitive verb and intransitive verb
  1. To shorten (obsolete)
  2. To short-circuit
  3. To fall short of, or perhaps cause to fail (archaic)
ORIGIN: ME, from OE sc(e)ort; related to OHGer scurz, ON skera to cut

shortˈage noun

A lack, deficiency

shortˈen transitive verb

  1. To make shorter
  2. To make to seem short or to fall short
  3. To draw in or back
  4. To check
  5. To make friable (by adding butter, lard, etc)
  6. To put (a baby) in short clothes (old)
intransitive verb

To become shorter

shortˈener noun

shortˈening noun

  1. Making or becoming shorter
  2. Fat for making pastry short

shortˈie or shortˈy noun (informal)

A very short person, garment, etc (also adjective)

shortˈish adjective

shortˈly adverb

  1. Soon
  2. Briefly
  3. Curtly
  4. For a short time (rare)
  5. A little
  6. With shortness in that which is indicated

shortˈness noun

shortˈ-acting adjective

(of a drug) having effects that wear off quickly

shortˈarm adjective (boxing, etc; of a blow)

Using a bent (rather than extended) arm

shortˈarse noun (derog sl)

A small person

shortˈbread noun

A brittle crumbling biscuit of flour, butter and sugar

shortˈcake noun

  1. Shortbread or other friable cake
  2. A light cake, prepared in layers with fruit between, served with cream (orig N American)

short-changeˈ transitive verb

  1. To give less than the correct change to
  2. To deal dishonestly with (a person)

adjective

Relating to cheating

short-chanˈger noun

short circuit noun

  1. A new and unwanted path of comparatively low resistance accidentally created between two points of a circuit, often causing damage to components (elec)
  2. An artificial connection between two normally separate tubular organs or parts (surgery)

short-cirˈcuit transitive verb

  1. To establish a short circuit in
  2. To interconnect where there was obstruction between (surgery)
  3. To provide with a short cut (figurative)

intransitive verb

  1. To cut off current by a short circuit
  2. To save a roundabout passage

short clothes or short coats plural noun

Formerly, the shortened skirts of a child when the first long clothes are left off

shortˈ-coat transitive verb (old)

To put into short coats

shortˈcoming noun

  1. The circumstance of coming or falling short
  2. A neglect of, or failure in, duty
  3. A defect, failing

short commons plural noun

Minimum rations

shortˈ-cord adjective (elec eng)

(of an armature winding) employing coils whose span is less than the pole pitch

short corner noun (hockey)

Same as penalty corner (see under penalty)

short covering noun (stock exchange)

  1. The buying of securities, etc, to cover a short sale
  2. The securities, etc, bought for this purpose

shortˈcrust adjective

(of pastry) short

short cut noun

A shorter route than the usual (also figurative)

shortˈ-cut intransitive verb

To use a shorter route (also figurative)

adjective and noun

(denoting) tobacco cut in short shreds

shortˈ-dāted adjective

  1. (of a bill) having little time to run from its date
  2. (of securities) redeemable in under five years

short-day plant noun (botany)

One that will flower only if the daily period of light is shorter than some critical length (cf day-neutral plant, long-day plant)

short division noun

Division without writing down the working out

shortˈfall noun

The fact or amount of falling short

short fuse noun (informal)

A quick temper

short game noun (golf)

Play on and around the green(s)

shortˈgown noun (old Scot)

A woman's short jacket

shortˈhand noun

  1. A system of writing in which whole words and phrases are represented by (combinations of) simple strokes, used for recording speech at speaking pace
  2. Writing of such a kind

adjective

Relating to or written in shorthand

short-handˈed adjective

  1. Short of an adequate number of workers
  2. With a small or reduced number on the team, in the crew, etc

shortˈ-haul adjective

Involving transportation, etc, over (relatively) short distances

shortˈ-head transitive verb (informal)

To beat by a short head (see also below)

shortˈhold adjective (law)

In England and Wales, of or being a tenancy of only a few (orig between one and five) years

shortˈhorn noun

Any of the various types of beef and dairy cattle developed from a short-horned breed originating in NE England, usu having a red and white, roan or white coat (also called Durham)

short hundredweight see hundredweight under hundred

short iron noun (golf)

An iron club used to play shots from close to the green

short leg noun (cricket)

A fielder, or a fielding position, very near (and in line with) the batsman on the legside

shortˈ-life adjective

Having a short duration, existence, etc

shortˈlist noun

(see also leet3) a list of the most suitable candidates for an office, post, etc, from which the successful candidate will be selected

transitive verb

To include (someone) in a shortlist

shortˈ-lived (or /-līvd/) adjective

Living or lasting only for a short time

short measure noun

Less than the amount promised or paid for

short metre noun (poetry)

A form of four-line stanza of which the first, second and last lines have six syllables and the third line eight

short odds plural noun

(in betting) a nearly even chance, favourable odds in terms of risk, unfavourable in terms of potential gain

short-oil see oil length under oil

short order noun (N American)

(an order for) food that can be prepared quickly

shortˈ-order adjective

shortˈ-priced adjective

Having short odds

shortˈ-range adjective

Of or relating to a short distance or period of time

short rib noun

A floating rib

short sale noun

A sale of something which the seller does not yet own

short score noun

A musical score with some of the parts omitted

short sea noun (nautical)

One in which the distance between the wave crests is comparatively short

short selling see sell short under sell1

short sharp shock noun

A brief severe regime imposed by a prison or detention centre, esp on young offenders

short sheep noun

Short-woolled sheep

short shrift see under shrift

short-sightˈed adjective

  1. Able to see clearly only those objects that are relatively near, myopic
  2. Lacking foresight

short-sightˈedly adverb

short-sightˈedness noun

short-spōˈken adjective

Curt in speech

short-staffedˈ adjective

Having a reduced or inadequate number of staff

short-stāˈple adjective

(of wool, cotton, etc fibre) short

shortˈstop noun (baseball)

The fielding position (or the defending player positioned) between the second and third base

short story noun

A work of prose narrative shorter than a novel and usu concentrating on a single episode or experience and its effect

short subject noun (chiefly US)

A short film shown before the main film in a cinema

shortˈsword noun

A sword with a short blade

short-temˈpered adjective

Easily moved to anger, quick-tempered

short tennis noun

A form of tennis for children, using a smaller court and modified equipment and rules

shortˈ-term adjective

  1. Extending over a short time
  2. Concerned with the immediate present and future as distinct from time further ahead

short-termˈism noun

(a tendency towards) the adopting of only short-term views, solutions to problems, etc

short-termˈist noun and adjective

short-term memory noun (psychology)

A section of the memory with limited capacity, capable of storing information for a short time only

short time noun

(the condition of) working fewer than the normal number of hours per week

shortˈ-time adjective

short ton see ton1

shortˈ-track (skating or speedskating) noun

Speedskating in which contestants race in packs around a 111.12-metre track, over any of several distances between 500m and 5000m

short wave noun

A radio wave with a frequency of between 10m and 100m

shortˈ-wave adjective

short-windˈed adjective

Quickly becoming breathless

by a short head

  1. By a distance less than the length of a horse's head
  2. Narrowly, barely (figurative)

caught short (informal)

Having a sudden, uncontrollable need to urinate or defecate

cut short see under cut

draw the short straw

To be given an unpleasant task, duty, etc, or the most unpleasant of several

fall short see under fall1

for short

As an abbreviation

go short (informal)

To have an insufficient amount (esp of money or food)

have someone by the short and curlies (vulgar slang)

To have someone over a barrel, at one's mercy, in a position difficult to wriggle out of

in short

In a few words, briefly

in short supply

Not available in desired quantity, scarce

in the short run

Over a brief period of time

make short work of

To settle or dispose of promptly

run short see under run

short and sweet

  1. Surprisingly or gratifyingly brief, used eg of a speech expected to be of greater length (and tedium)
  2. (ironically) curt or abrupt

short for

A shortened form of

short of

  1. Less than
  2. Without going so far as
  3. Having insufficient supplies of

short on (informal)

Deficient in

stop short

To come to a sudden standstill

taken short same as caught short above.

take (or take up) short

  1. To take by surprise or at a disadvantage
  2. To interrupt curtly

the short and the long (of it) (Shakespeare)

Same as the long and the short (see under long1)

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