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单词 down to the ground
释义

down1 /down/

adverb
  1. (passing into adj in predicative use) to a lower position, level or state
  2. Away from a centre (capital, city, university, etc)
  3. Southwards
  4. To leeward
  5. In a low or lowered position or state
  6. Below
  7. On or to the ground
  8. Downstairs
  9. Under the surface
  10. From earlier to later times
  11. To a further stage in a series
  12. From greater to less (in size, grain, activity, intensity, etc)
  13. To a standstill, exhaustion or conclusion
  14. To a final state of defeat, subjection, silence, etc
  15. In a fallen state
  16. In adversity
  17. At a disadvantage
  18. Ill
  19. Behindhand
  20. In writing or record, in black and white
  21. In flood
  22. On the spot, immediately in cash
  23. In readiness to pounce
  24. In a state of alert awareness and understanding
  25. In watchful opposition or hostility (with on, upon)
  26. Broken, not operational (computing)

—Also used elliptically, passing into an interjection or verb by omission of go, come or put, etc, often followed by with

adjective
  1. Going, reaching, directed towards or having a lower position or level
  2. Depressed
  3. Low
  4. Broken, not operational (computing)
preposition
  1. In a descent along, through or by
  2. To or in a lower position on or in
  3. Along in the direction of the current
  4. Along
noun
  1. A descent
  2. A low place
  3. A reverse of fortune, a time of comparative bad luck
  4. An act of throwing or putting down
  5. A tendency to treat one harshly
  6. A feeling of dislike
  7. One of four consecutive periods of play, during which a team must score or advance the ball 10 yards in order to retain possession (American football)
transitive verb
  1. To knock, throw, shoot or put down
  2. To put down, overthrow
  3. To depress
  4. To swallow
interjection
  1. Ordering (esp a dog) to go or stay down
  2. (with with) expressing a wish for the downfall of someone or something
ORIGIN: ME a-down, adun, from OE of dūne from the hill (dative case of dūn hill; see down3 and adown)

downˈer noun (slang)

  1. A depressant drug
  2. A state of depression
  3. Any depressing experience, etc
  4. A downward trend
  5. A feeling of prejudice or dislike, antipathy

downˈward /-wərd/ or downˈwards /-wərdz/ adverb

  1. From higher to lower
  2. From source to outlet
  3. From more ancient to modern
  4. In the lower part

downˈward adjective

downˈwardly adverb

downˈwardness noun

  1. A sinking tendency
  2. A state of being low

downˈ-and-dirtˈy adjective (US informal)

  1. Basic
  2. Brutal

downˈ-and-outˈ adjective

  1. At the end of one's resources
  2. Destitute and rejected by, or rejecting, society

downˈ-and-outˈ noun

downˈ-and-outˈer noun

downˈ-at-heelˈ adjective

  1. Having the back of the shoe trodden down
  2. Generally shabby

downˈbeat noun

  1. A downward movement of the conductor's baton
  2. An accented beat

adjective (informal)

  1. Relaxed, unworried
  2. Unemphatic
  3. Depressed
  4. Gloomy
  5. Depressing

downˈbow noun (music)

A movement of the bow over the strings beginning at the nut end

downˈburst same as microburst

downˈcast adjective

  1. Dejected
  2. Looking down

noun

  1. A current of air into a mine
  2. A shaft carrying it (downˈcast-shaftˈ)
  3. A downward throw
  4. A downthrow

downˈ-come noun

  1. A fall, ruin
  2. A heavy pour of rain

downˈ-draught noun

A current of air downwards

downˈ-eastˈer noun (US)

Someone living down east from the speaker, a New Englander, and esp an inhabitant of Maine

downˈfall noun

  1. Fall, failure, humiliation, ruin
  2. A heavy fall of rain

downˈfallen adjective

Ruined

downˈflow noun

  1. A running or flowing down
  2. Something that runs or flows down

downˈforce noun

Aerodynamically-caused downward force in a car, etc which eg improves its road holding

downˈ-going adjective

down-goˈing (or /downˈ/) noun

downˈgrade noun

A downward slope or course

adjective and adverb

Downhill

transitive verb

  1. To reduce in status, etc
  2. To belittle, underrate

downˈ-gyved adjective (Shakespeare)

Hanging down like fetters

downˈhaul noun

A rope by which a jib, etc is hauled down when set

downheartˈed adjective

Dejected

downˈhill adjective

Descending, sloping (also noun)

downhillˈ adverb

downˈhole adjective

  1. Of the drills, measuring instruments, and equipment used down a borehole (mining)
  2. Applied to equipment that is used within the well (oil)

downˈ-home adjective (US informal)

  1. Characteristic of the Southern states of the USA
  2. Characteristic of the country or country-dwellers
  3. Homemade
  4. Friendly

downˈlighter noun

A downward-directed light-fitting, attached to or recessed in the ceiling

downˈ-line noun

The line of a railway leading from the capital, or other important centre, to the provinces

downˈlink noun

A connection in a telecommunications system between a space vehicle or satellite and the earth (also transitive verb)

downloadˈ transitive verb and intransitive verb (computing)

  1. To transfer (data or programs, esp on the Internet) from another computer to one's own
  2. To broadcast programmes of material for specialist groups (eg doctors) outside normal broadcasting hours (often to be recorded on videotape for viewing later)

noun /downˈ/

  1. An act or the process of downloading
  2. Something downloaded

downloadˈable adjective

downˈlooked adjective (Dryden)

Downcast, gloomy

downˈ-lyˈing noun (dialect)

  1. Time of retiring to rest
  2. A woman's confinement during childbirth

downmarˈket adjective

Of (buying, selling or using) goods and services of relatively low price, quality or prestige (also adverb)

downˈmost adverb and adjective

Superlative of down

down payment noun

A deposit on an article, service, etc

downˈpipe noun

A drainpipe that takes rainwater from the gutter of a roof

downˈplay transitive verb

To play down

downˈpour noun

A heavy fall of rain, etc

downˈright adverb

  1. In plain terms
  2. Utterly

adjective

  1. Plain-spoken
  2. Brusque
  3. Utter, out-and-out (as in downright madness)
  4. Thorough
  5. Perpendicular (obsolete)

downˈrightness noun

downrivˈer adverb

With the current

adjective

Further down the river

downˈrush noun

A rushing down (as of gas, hot air, etc)

downˈscale transitive verb and intransitive verb (US)

To reduce in scale

adjective

Downmarket

downˈ-settˈing noun

A setting down, a snub

downˈshift intransitive verb

  1. To select a lower gear in a vehicle
  2. To choose a less affluent lifestyle in order to enhance one's life in non-material ways, esp in having more leisure time

downˈshifter noun

downˈshifting noun

downˈside noun

  1. The adverse or disadvantageous aspect of a situation (also adjective)
  2. (the risk of) a drop in share prices (finance)

downˈ-sittˈing noun

  1. Sitting down, time of rest (Psalm 139.2)
  2. A sitting, session (Scot)
  3. A settlement, establishment (esp by marriage; Scot)

downˈsize transitive verb

  1. To reduce in size (esp a workforce by redundancy)
  2. To design or make a smaller model of (a car, etc)

intransitive verb

To sell one's home and move to a smaller property

downˈsizer noun

downˈsizing noun

downˈspout noun (N American)

A downpipe, drainpipe

downˈstageˈ adverb

Towards the footlights (also adjective)

downˈstair or downˈstairs adjective

downstairsˈ adverb

  1. In or towards a lower storey
  2. Belowstairs, in the servants' quarters

noun

A lower storey, usu the ground floor

downˈstateˈ adjective and adverb (US)

In or to a southerly or rural part of a state

noun

A downstate area

downstream' adverb

With the current

adjective /down'/

  1. Further down the stream
  2. Going with the current
  3. In the hydrocarbons industry, denoting any stage subsequent to oil production, eg refining, the production of oil derivatives, etc (sometimes with of)
  4. In any process or activity, denoting a subsequent stage

downˈstroke noun

A downward line made by the pen in writing

downˈswing noun

  1. A downward trend in volume of trade, etc
  2. The part of the swing where the club is moving down towards the ball (golf)

downˈ-the-line adjective

  1. (of a ballet-dancer) inconspicuously placed, unimportant
  2. Thorough, unwavering (US)

downˈthrow noun

  1. An act of throwing down, or state of being thrown down
  2. The amount of vertical displacement of the relatively lowered strata at a fault (geology)

downˈtime noun

A period when work is halted, due to equipment failure, lack of materials, bad weather, etc

downˈ-to-earthˈ adjective

  1. Sensible
  2. Practical
  3. Realistic
  4. Plain-speaking

downˈtownˈ adjective and adverb

In or towards the lower part or (esp N American) the business and shopping centre of the town

noun

This part of a town

downˈ-train noun

A railway train that leaves from the chief terminus

downˈtrend noun

A downward trend

downˈ-trod or downˈtrodden adjective

  1. Trampled on
  2. Tyrannized over

downˈturn noun

A downward trend, decline

downˈturned adjective

Folded or turned down

downˈwash noun

The downward current of air disturbed by an aerofoil

downˈwindˈ adjective and adverb

  1. In the direction in which the wind is blowing
  2. In or to a position (relative to someone or something) in this direction (often with of)

down east (US)

In or into Maine and adjoining parts of New England

down in the mouth

In low spirits

down on one's luck

In unfortunate circumstances

down south (US)

In the Southern states

down to (slang)

The fault or responsibility of

down tools

To stop work, strike

down to the ground (informal)

Completely

down town

In or towards the centre of a town

down under

In or to Australia and New Zealand

down with

  1. Put down (imperative)
  2. Swallow (imperative)
  3. An interjection expressing a wish to depose, get rid of or abolish
  4. In tune with, in sympathy with (informal)

go down

  1. (often with with) to be received (well or badly) (by)
  2. (often with with) to be acceptable (to)
  3. (with with) to contract (an illness)

go downhill

To deteriorate (in health, prosperity or morality)

go downstream

To begin operating the downstream stages of oil exploitation

up and down

  1. Alternately well and ill
  2. To and fro

ground1 /grownd/

noun
  1. The solid surface of the earth
  2. A portion of the earth's surface
  3. Land
  4. Soil
  5. The floor, etc
  6. The solid land underlying an area of water (nautical)
  7. Earth (elec; N American)
  8. Position
  9. An area of land or sea associated with some activity (such as football ground, playground, battleground, fishing ground)
  10. Distance covered or to be covered
  11. Matters to be dealt with
  12. That on which something is raised (lit or figurative)
  13. A foundation
  14. Sufficient reason
  15. An advantage
  16. The bottom, esp sea-bottom (obsolete)
  17. The surface on which a work is represented (art)
  18. The background in a painting
  19. A first coat of paint or colour
  20. Surrounding rock (mining)
  21. The space behind the popping crease with which the batsman must be in touch by bat or person if he is not to be stumped or run out (cricket)
  22. Short for ground-bass below
  23. (in pl) an area of land attached to or surrounding a building
  24. (in pl) dregs or sediment (eg of coffee)
  25. (in pl) the basis of justification
transitive verb
  1. To fix on a foundation or principle
  2. To put or rest on the ground
  3. To cause to run aground
  4. To instruct in first principles
  5. To cover with a preparatory layer or coating, as a basis for painting, etching, etc
  6. To earth (elec; N American)
  7. To keep on the ground, prevent from flying (aeronautics)
  8. To suspend from usual activity (eg as a punishment)
intransitive verb
  1. To come to the ground
  2. To strike the sea-bottom, etc and remain fixed
adjective
  1. Of, relating to, situated or operating on or near the ground
  2. Living on or in the ground
  3. Low-growing
ORIGIN: OE grund; cognate with Ger Grund, ON grunnr

groundˈage noun

A charge on a ship in port

groundˈed adjective

  1. Positioned on the ground
  2. In control of one's emotions, rational
  3. Remaining humble and down to earth in spite of having achieved success
  4. (of a child) forbidden to go out to meet friends

groundˈedly adverb

On good grounds

groundˈer noun

  1. Someone who, or something that, grounds
  2. A ball that keeps low

groundˈing noun

  1. A foundation
  2. A sound general knowledge of a subject
  3. The background of embroidery, etc
  4. The act or process of preparing or laying a ground
  5. The act of laying or of running aground
  6. In bioenergetics, the concept of bodily contact, esp through the feet, with the earth

groundˈless adjective

Without ground, foundation or reason

groundˈlessly adverb

groundˈlessness noun

groundˈling noun

  1. A fish that keeps near the bottom of the water, esp the spinous loach
  2. A low-growing or creeping plant
  3. A person on the ground in contrast to one in an aircraft, etc
  4. Formerly, a spectator in the pit of a theatre, and hence a person of the common herd
adjective (Lamb, etc)

Base

groundˈ-angling noun

Fishing without a float, with a weight placed a few inches from the hook, bottom-fishing

ground annual noun (Scots law)

An annual payment forming a burden on land

groundˈ-ash noun

  1. A sapling of ash
  2. A stick made of an ash sapling

groundˈbait noun

Bait dropped to the bottom to attract fish to a general area (also figurative)

groundˈ-bass noun (music)

A bass part constantly repeated with varying melody and harmony

groundˈ-beetle noun

Any beetle of the Carabidae, a family related to the tiger beetles

groundˈbreaking noun (esp US)

The breaking of ground at the beginning of a construction project

adjective

Innovative, breaking new ground

groundˈburst noun

The explosion of a bomb on the ground (as opposed to in the air)

ground cherry noun

  1. Any of the European dwarf cherries
  2. Any of several plants of the genus Physalis, also called husk-tomato, Cape gooseberry, etc
  3. The fruit of these plants

ground control noun

The control, by information radioed from a ground installation, of aircraft or spacecraft

ground controller noun

ground cover noun

  1. Low plants and shrubs growing among the trees in a forest
  2. Various low herbaceous plants used to cover an area instead of grass

ground crew see ground staff below.

groundˈ-cuckoo noun

A name for several ground-running birds of the cuckoo family, such as the roadrunner and the coucal

groundˈ-dove or groundˈ-pigeon noun

Any of various small American pigeons that spend much of their time on the ground

ground effect noun

The extra aerodynamic lift, exploited by hovercraft, etc and affecting aircraft flying near the ground, caused by the cushion of trapped air beneath the vehicle

ground elder noun

Another name for goutweed

groundˈ-feeder noun

A fish that feeds at the bottom

ground floor or ground storey noun

The floor on or near a level with the ground

ground frost noun

  1. Frost on the surface of the ground
  2. A temperature of 0ºC or less registered on a horizontal thermometer in contact with a grass surface

ground game noun

Hares, rabbits, etc, as distinguished from winged game

groundˈhog noun

  1. The woodchuck
  2. The aardvark

Groundhog Day noun

  1. (in the USA and Canada) 2 February, supposed to mark the end of winter if a groundhog emerging from hibernation on that day does not see its shadow
  2. A day when things seem to happen in exactly the same way as on the previous day (informal)

groundˈ-hold noun (Spenser and nautical)

Ground tackle

groundˈhopper noun

  1. A small insect of the family Tetrigidae
  2. A football supporter who travels to see games at as many different stadiums as possible (informal)

ground ice noun

The ice formed at the bottom of a body of water

ground ivy noun

A British labiate creeping plant (genus Nepeta) whose leaves when the edges curl become ivy-like

ground loop noun

An abrupt, uncontrolled movement of an aircraft while on the ground

ground mail or grund mail noun (Scot)

Payment for right of burial

groundman see groundsman below.

groundˈmass noun (geology)

The fine-grained part of an igneous rock, glassy or minutely crystalline, in which the larger crystals are embedded

ground moraine noun

A mass of mud, sand and stones dragged along under a glacier or ice-sheet

groundˈnut noun

  1. The peanut or monkey nut (genus Arachis)
  2. The earth-nut

ground oak noun

  1. A sapling of oak
  2. Various species of Teucrium

groundˈ-officer noun

An officer in charge of the grounds of an estate

ground-pigeon see ground-dove above.

ground pine noun

  1. A small Eurasian plant (Ajuga chamaepitys) with yellow flowers
  2. A N American club moss (Lycopodium obscurum)

ground plan noun

  1. A plan of the horizontal section of the lowest or ground storey of a building
  2. A first plan, general outline

ground plate noun

The bottom horizontal timber to which the frame of a building is secured

groundˈplot noun

  1. The plot of ground on which a building stands
  2. A method of calculating the position of an aircraft by relating the ground speed and time on course to the starting position

ground-position indicator noun

An instrument which continuously displays the dead-reckoning position of an aircraft

ground provisions plural noun (W Indies)

Starchy vegetables such as breadfruit and sweet potatoes

groundˈprox noun

A device, fitted to large passenger aircraft, which warns the pilot when altitude falls below a given level (ground proximity warning system)

ground rent noun

Rent paid to a landowner for the right to the use of the ground for a specified term, usually 99 years in England

groundˈ-robin noun

The chewink

ground rule noun

  1. A basic rule of procedure
  2. A modifying (sports) rule for a particular place or circumstance

ground run noun

The distance that an aircraft travels down the runway before lift-off or after touching down before reaching a stop

groundˈsel, groundˈsill or (obsolete) groundˈsell noun

The lowest timber of a structure, a ground plate, sleeper or soleplate

groundˈsheet noun

A waterproof sheet spread on the ground in a tent, etc

groundskeeper see groundsman below.

groundˈ-sloth noun

A large extinct ground-dwelling sloth

groundsˈman or sometimes groundˈman noun

  1. A person whose job is to take care of a cricket ground or a sportsfield, etc (also (US) groundsˈkeeper)
  2. An aerodrome mechanic

groundˈspeed noun (aeronautics)

The speed of an aircraft relative to the ground

ground squirrel noun

The chipmunk or hackee, or any of several burrowing rodents

ground staff noun

  1. Aircraft mechanics, etc, whose work is on the ground (also ground crew)
  2. A paid staff of players (cricket)
  3. People employed to look after a sportsfield

ground state noun

The state of a nuclear system, atoms, etc when at their lowest (or normal) energy

ground storey see ground floor above.

ground stroke noun (tennis)

A return played after the ball has bounced

groundˈswell noun

  1. A broad, deep undulation of the ocean caused by a distant gale or earthquake
  2. A gathering movement, as of public or political opinion or feeling, which is evident although the cause or leader is not known

ground tackle noun

Tackle for securing a vessel at anchor

groundˈ-to-airˈ adjective

(of a missile) aimed and fired from the ground at a target in the air

ground water noun

Water naturally in the subsoil or occupying space in rocks

ground wave noun

A radio wave which passes directly between a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna

groundˈwork noun

  1. That which forms the ground or foundation of anything
  2. The basis
  3. Essential preparatory work
  4. The first principle
  5. The ground of painting (art)

ground zero noun

  1. The point on the ground directly under the explosion of a nuclear weapon in the air
  2. A completely new beginning (figurative)

break ground

  1. To begin working untouched ground
  2. To take the first step in any project

break new (or fresh) ground

To be innovative

cover a lot of ground

To make good progress

cover the ground

To treat a topic, etc adequately

cut or take the ground from under someone or from under someone's feet

To anticipate someone's arguments or actions and destroy their force

down to the ground see under down1

fall to the ground

To come to nothing

forbidden ground

An unmentionable topic

gain ground

  1. To advance
  2. To become more widely influential
  3. To spread

give ground

To fall back, retreat (lit and figurative)

go to ground

  1. (of an animal) to enter its burrow, hole, etc
  2. To go into hiding

hold or stand one's ground

To stand firm

home ground

Familiar territory

into the ground

To the point of exhaustion

(let in) on the ground floor

(to admit) on the same terms as the original promoters, or at the start (of a business venture, etc)

lose ground

  1. To fall back
  2. To decline in influence, etc

off the ground

Started, under way

on firm (or shaky) ground

In a strong (or weak) position

on one's own (or home) ground

In circumstances with which one is familiar

on the ground

In the world of practical reality

prepare the ground

To ease the way for, facilitate the progress of, something (with for)

run to ground

To hunt out, track down

shift one's ground

To change one's standpoint in a situation or argument
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更新时间：2025/3/12 18:06:24