| 释义 |
▪ I. steering, vbl. n.|ˈstɪərɪŋ|
[f. steer v.1 + -ing1.]
1. a. The action of the verb, in various senses.
c1220Bestiary 574 Sipmen here steringe forgeten for hire [the siren's] stefninge. 1375Barbour Bruce ix. 510 Thai twa the land had in stering. 1387–8T. Usk Test. Love ii. iii. (Skeat) 107 Shal fyr ben blamed for it brende a foole naturelly, by his own stulty witte in steringe? 1599Sandys Europæ Spec. (1632) 89 The persons defiled with it [were] of so eminent a place in the steering and upholding of their church. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1780) s.v., The perfection of steering consists in a vigilant attention to the motion of the ship's head. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xxi. IV. 641 But now came a crisis which required the most skilful steering. 1875Encycl. Brit. III. 665/1 Steering..is managed by a transverse handle attached to the driving-wheel [of a bicycle]. 1911Daily Mail 19 June 8/4 Major Wodehouse..has been..devising means for the safe steering of the tremendous crowds.
b. Meteorol. The process by which pressure systems, precipitation belts, etc., are moved by temperature gradients or winds.
1919, etc. [see steering line, sense 3 b below]. 1944Hewson & Longley Meteorol. Theoret. & Appl. xxiv. 428 The changes in pressure at the earth's surface are controlled by atmospheric movements at levels of 4 km and higher, the process whereby this occurs being known as ‘steering’. 1956S. Petterssen Weather Analysis & Forecasting (ed. 2) I. xiii. 277 From the point of view of theory it is difficult to make any distinction between the steering and the blocking of the movement of sea-level cyclones. 1959R. E. Huschke Gloss. Meteorol. (Amer. Meterol. Soc.) 541 Steering, in meteorology, loosely used for any influence upon the direction of movement of an atmospheric disturbance exerted by another aspect of the state of the atmosphere.
c. Electronics. The switching of pulses from one part of a circuit to another.
1956, etc. [see steering circuit, diode, sense 3 a below]. 1962Simpson & Richards Physical Princ. Junction Transistors xvi. 410 In many bistable circuits,..trigger pulses of opposite polarity must be used alternately..or pulses of one polarity must alternately be switched from one collector or base to another. The latter process, which is usually performed by diodes or auxiliary transistors, is called steering. 1969J. J. Sparkes Transistor Switching v. 122 Two quite distinct methods of controlling the penetration of pulses to the transistor are available, namely pulse steering by applying logic voltages to SA or RA, or pulse gating via additional diodes at the pulse inputs.
2. Short for steering-gear.
1877H. H. Griffin Bicycles of the Year 12 He makes the Eureka, which is a very fair machine (Spider), Stanley steering, cone bearings, &c. Ibid. 16 The steering is either the Stanley or Rudder plan. 1970K. Ball Fiat 600, 600D Autobook ix. 103/2 The first step in dismantling the steering is to remove the steering wheel. 1977Western Morning News 30 Aug. 8/2 (Advt.), Austin 2200. Blue. Power-assisted steering.
3. attrib. and Comb.:
a. simple attrib., as steering-apparatus, steering-fan, steering-fork, steering-gear, steering-handle; (sense 1 a) steering-bridge; (sense 1 b) steering principle; (sense 1 c) steering circuit, steering diode; (sense 2) steering angle, steering arm, steering axle, steering circle, steering knuckle, steering lever, steering linkage, steering rod.
1936Proc. Inst. Automobile Engineers XXX. 757 The angle of the front wheels or ‘*steering angle’ is particularly important.
1846A. Young Naut. Dict. 319 A *Steering Apparatus..consists of an endless screw [etc.].
1902A. C. Harmsworth et. al. Motors & Motor-Driving 216 With a broken *steering arm..a car..may be hurled into a ditch. 1978D. Clarke Car 84/1 All but the last type of box require a system of linkages to take the movement created by the drop arm..to the steering arms on the wheels.
1912Motor Man. 87 Details of *steering axle with steering arms and connecting bar.
1902Chamber's Jrnl. Oct. 739/1 He left the bridge, roused all hands, and arraigned them on the *steering-bridge. 1912Motor Man. 88 Whichever wheel is on the inside of the steering circle turns through a wider angle than the outer wheel does.
1970K. Ball Fiat 600, 600D Autobook ix. 108/2 The *steering circle diameter on the Multipla is 28 feet 10 inches.
1956L. P. Hunter Handbk. Semiconductor Electronics xv. 23 In order to operate the trigger in a binary fashion, it is necessary to provide *steering circuits. 1971J. H. Smith Digital Logic iv. 58 Steering circuits..control the operation of the gates.
1957R. F. Shea Circuit Engin. x. 337 (caption) Bistable multi⁓vibrator with *steering diodes for high-speed triggering. 1962Simpson & Richards Physical Princ. Junction Transistors xvi. 410 Steering diodes may be used in a similar way at other electrodes and for other circuits than the simple bistable one.
1903Westm. Gaz. 2 Nov. 9/1 There is a propeller in front and a *steering-fan in the rear [of an airship].
1869Routledge's Ev. Boy's Ann. 375 The vertical *steering-fork of the vehicle [i.e. a bicycle].
1869E. J. Reed Iron-Clad Ships i. 6 The rudder-head and *stearing-gear were exposed to shot within thin iron sides. 1907H. Wyndham Flare of Footlights ii, The chauffeur..fumbling stupidly with the steering-gear.
1868Routledge's Ev. Boy's Ann. 477 The *Steering-Handle [of a bicycle] may be made of any fancy curve. 1906Westm. Gaz. 20 July 8/3 In the collision..the stout steering-handle [of a motor car] being bent nearly double.
1904Sci. Amer. Suppl. 27 Aug. 23953/2 The front axle is provided with ball-bearing *steering knuckles. 1970K. Ball Fiat 600, 600D Autobook viii. 98/2 Remove the upper end shaft retaining nut from the steering knuckle and the two washers.
1866Eng. Mech. 6 Apr. 33/1 Velocipede. SL is the *steering lever. 1915Autocar Handbk. (ed. 6) xv. 219 This steering lever is mounted upon a short spindle or shaft which is carried in bearings in the steering gear box.
1970K. Ball Fiat 600, 600D Autobook viii. 97/2 The *steering linkage also differs from that on the Sedan.
1945F. A. Berry et. al. Handbk. Meteorol. x. 818 Guiding of surface systems by the upper-level flow has been referred to as the *steering principle. 1963Meterol. Gloss. (Met. Office) (ed. 4) 254 Application of the steering principle is most successful in the type of situation..in which almost straight thickness lines intersect a well marked pattern of surface vorticity.
1909R. W. A. Brewer Motor Car xv. 148 The transverse arm on the off side is connected to the *steering rod, generally by means of a knuckle joint. 1977‘J. Gash’ Judas Pair ix. 106 She twisted something near the steering-rod. The engine muted instantly into a deep, steady thrum.
b. Special comb: steering box, a housing attached to the body of a motor vehicle that encloses the end of the steering column and the gearing that transmits its motion to the next members; steering column, a columnar assembly in a motor vehicle or motor bicycle carrying at its top the steering wheel or handle-bars and transmitting their motion to the rest of the steering gear; steering compass, the compass by which a ship is steered as distinguished from the variation compass (see compass n.1 12 d); steering line Meteorol. (see quot. 1959); steering lock, (a) the turning movement of the wheels of a motor-vehicle (see lock n.2 15); (b) an appliance fitted to some bicycles by means of which the front wheel may be prevented from turning from side to side; also, a similar mechanism fitted to the steering assembly of a motor vehicle, as an anti-theft device; steering-oar, an oar used as a steering-scull (q.v.); † steering pillar = steering column above (obs.); steering post = prec.; on early motor vehicles (see also quot. 1904); steering sail Naut. = studding sail; also attrib.; † steering scull = scull n.1 1 a; steering wheel, (a) Naut., a vertical wheel by which motion is communicated to the rudder through the medium of a tiller-rope or other device; (b) a hand-wheel for guiding a traction engine, motor-car or other heavy vehicle; (c) the wheel of a cycle by which steerage is effected; also, a road wheel of a motor vehicle by which steerage is effected.
1913W. E. Dommett Motor Car Mechanism xiii. 118 The method of mounting the *steering box and column is clearly shown. 1970K. Ball Fiat 600, 600D Autobook ix. 103/1 The linkage between the steering box and wheels is via a pair of symmetrical track rods and a central link rod connecting the pitman arm to a relay level.
1903Motor 27 May 348/1 The *steering column of the motor-bicycle is..a vitally important part. 1931D. L. Sayers Five Red Herrings xxiii. 262, I was jammed up behind the steering-column. 1976Derbyshire Times (Peak ed.) 3 Sept. 20/5 The single steering column stalk that operates lights, wipers, washers and flasher has too much to do.
1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. ii. vi. 67 To shew you the difference between the true Compass and the *Steering Compass.
1919J. Bjerknes in Geofysiske Publ. I. ii. 1 As the line thus gives the momentaneous direction of the cyclone, it may, for practical purposes, be called the *steering line. 1923N. Shaw Forecasting Weather v. 155 The dividing line of the cyclone from the centre towards the eastern or advancing side is called the steering line or more recently, warm front. 1959R. E. Huschke Gloss. Meteorol. (Amer. Meteorol. Soc.) 541 Steering line, according to Bjerknes' cyclone model, the line of convergence (corresponding to the warm front of a wave cyclone) which tends to be parallel to the direction of motion of the cyclone at the line's point of juncture with the cyclone center.
1897Encycl. Sport I. 274/1 (Cycling), *Steering Locks are valuable..for preventing the machine from moving when resting against a wall. 1955Times 10 May 7/6 The greatest asset in this connexion..is the admirable steering lock, with which the car can be turned in 37ft. and can be driven into small parking spaces. 1960O. Gregory tr. Spoerl's Living with Car 212 Various devices.., some of which lock ignition and steering simultaneously... These locks are by no means impossible for a thief to cope with. However, if he has to choose between a car with one of the steering locks and one without he is likely to choose the one without. 1971A. Price Alamut Ambush ix. 104 The new Triumph has a steering lock—it would be a verra difficult car to move.
1816H. Ker Travels 30 In endeavouring to run the outside of a sawyer, I ran with my stem athwart it, and unshipped my *steering oar, which I lost. 1840R. H. Dana Bef. Mast ix, The officer using his utmost strength, with his steering-oar, to keep her stern on. 1938B. L. Burman Blow for Landing 298 The black lifted the steering oar... The rafts began to speed down the water.
1904A. C. Harmsworth et. al. Motors & Motor-Driving 218 Looseness between steering wheel and end of *steering pillar can be found at any time. 1921W. H. Berry Mod. Motor Car Practice xvi. 324 A long chassis with a large engine involves a steering pillar of considerable length.
1904A. B. F. Young Compl. Motorist iv. 118 The *steering post, being situated in the middle of the car, and the steering tiller available on either side, it is possible for the driver to sit either on the right-hand or left-hand side of the car. 1969J. Gores in Ellery Queen's Mystery Mag. Dec. 145/2 He was impaled on the steering post.
1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. i. ii. 16 The Lee *steering Sails of Main-sail, and Main-top sail. 1805in Nicolas Disp. Nelson (1846) VII. 144 note, Wore Ship and made Sail—set the royal and top-gallant steering-sails.
1420in For. Acc. 3 Hen. VI, F/2, j. Remus grossus vocatus *Sterynge skulle.
1750T. R. Blanckley Naval Expos. 160 To guide or govern a Ship by the Helm or *Steering Wheel. 1888Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 559/2 In early days the steering wheel [of the tricycle] was made small to save weight. 1902A. C. Harmsworth et. al. Motors & Motor-Driving 217 The free or direct gear moves with the impulse or pressure brought against the steering wheels or one of them by any ruts or obstructions on the road. 1907R. W. Whitman Motor-Car Princ. x. 159 The irreversible type is used for all but the lightest cars, and..it prevents any movement from being transmitted from the wheels to the steering wheel or lever. 1912Motor Man. 231 A weakened [tyre] cover will, as a general rule, give a considerable period of further service mounted on a steering wheel. 1915Autocar Handbk. (ed. 6) xv. 220 It is very important..that the steering road wheels should be easily movable by means of the hand steering wheel... If a car is travelling on a much-rutted road the steering wheels tend to fall into the ruts. 1970K. Ball Fiat 600, 600D Autobook ix. 103/2 Pry off the horn button from the steering wheel with a screwdriver.
▪ II. steering, ppl. a.|ˈstɪərɪŋ|
[f. steer v.1 + -ing2.]
steering committee. (orig. U.S.): a committee set up to determine the order of business for another body, or to manage the general course of an operation. Also steering group, steering sub-committee.
1887Courier-Jrnl. (Louisville, Kentucky) 6 Feb. 2/2 A steering committee upon the order of business for the remainder of the session was appointed. 1918H. W. Dodds Procedure in State Legislatures iv. 56 Just as the power of standing committees developed when the number of bills introduced had become too large for consideration by the whole house, so the steering committee emerged when measures approved by the standing committees increased until a further selective agency became an irresistible temptation. 1955Times 19 July 6/4 The steering committee making arrangements for the conference of Ministers on further European integration met to-day in Brussels. 1966N. Johnson Parliament & Administration i. 22 The Chairman of the Estimates Committees presides over sub-committee A (now called the Steering sub-committee). 1974‘E. Lathen’ Sweet & Low ii. 20 Only three people are really important..the members of the steering committee. 1977Wandsworth Borough News 7 Oct. 14/5 The Steering Group officially recognised by the Council's Recreation Committee at that meeting has met regularly and has discussed such matters as management, development, and use of the building. 1979‘D. Meiring’ Foreign Body v. 57 We have all read the Steering Committee's exhaustive report.
▪ III. steering
Sc. variant of stirring. |