| 释义 |
▪ I. defame, v.|dɪˈfeɪm|
Forms: 4–7 diff-, 4–5 deff-, 4–6 dyff-, 6 diffame, 4– defame.
[ME. diffame-n and defame-n, a. OF. diffame-r, rarely desfamer, deffamer, defamer (mod.F. diffamer) = Pr. diffamar, It. diffamare, ad. L. diffāmāre to spread abroad by an ill report, f. dif- = dis- + fāma rumour, report, fame. In this word and its derivatives, while French retains the prefix as dis-, des-, dé-, Eng. has the form de-, prob. after med.L. dēfāmāre (Du Cange); cf. post-cl. L. dēfāmātus dishonoured, infamous, dēfāmis shameful.
(Etymologically, perhaps, sense 1 belongs to dēfāmāre, senses 2–4 to diffāmāre.)]
1. trans. To bring ill fame, infamy, or dishonour upon, to dishonour or disgrace in fact; to render infamous. Obs. or arch.
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 6571 For to make hym be ashamede Þat he shulde be so defamede. c1374Chaucer Troylus iv. 537 Me were leuere ded than hire defame. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxviii. 580 We ben dyffamed bi thys grete knave, that doth somoche labour. 1526Tindale Matt. i. 19 Ioseph, loth to defame her. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 92 The hauen of Alexandria, newly defamed with a number of wracks. 1684Contempl. State of Man i. ix. (1699) 103 Crimes so Infamous, as they not only defame the Person who commits them, but [etc.]. 1725Pope Odyss. xix. 16 Lest..Dishonest wounds, or violence of soul, Defame the bridal feast. 1850Tennyson In Mem. cxi. 23 The grand old name of gentleman, Defamed by every charlatan.
2. To attack the good fame or reputation of (a person); to dishonour by rumour or report.
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 11636, Y dar weyl seye þou hym dyffamest. c1330― Chron. (1810) 321 Þe kyng did grete trespas, diffamed þe pape's se. c1386Chaucer Miller's Prol. 39 It is a synne..To apeyren eny man or him defame [v.r. diffame]. 1470–85Malory Arthur xviii. v, I am now in certayne she is vntruly defamed. 1547Homilies i. Love & Charity (1859) 67 Speak well of them that diffame you. 1602Marston Antonio's Rev. iv. iii. Wks. 1856 I. 122, I have defam'd this ladie wrongfully. 1701De Foe True-born Eng. 34 He never fails his Neighbour to defame. 1837Lytton E. Maltrav. 240 You would darkly slander him whom you cannot openly defame. 1883Law Rep. 11 Q. Bench Div. 597 The plaintiff has been defamed, and has primâ facie a cause of action.
†3. To raise an imputation of (some specific offence) against (any one); to accuse. Const. also with with, by, or clause. Obs.
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 8304 Ioye he haþ hym self to dyffame Of alle hys synnes. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xv. clix. (1495) 546 One Tenes..was deffamyd that he had lyen by his stepdame. c1460Fortescue Abs. & Lim. Mon. v. (1885) 118 His creauncers shul..defame his highnes off mysgouernance. 1482Caxton Trevisa's Higden vii. iii, One bisshop that was sharply defamed by symonye. 1564Grindal Fun. Serm. Wks. (1843) 20 As diffaming him, that for ambition' sake he would do a thing contrary to his conscience. 1672Cave Prim. Chr. iii. iv. (1673) 347 You defame us with Treason against the Emperour. 1736Chandler Hist. Persec. 213 Others are defamed for heresy; such who are spoken against by common report. 1820Scott Ivanhoe xxxviii, Rebecca..is, by many frequent and suspicious circumstances, defamed of sorcery.
†4. To publish, spread abroad, proclaim. [Rendering diffāmāre in the Vulgate]. Obs.
1382Wyclif Wisd. ii. 12 He..defameth aȝen vs [Vulg. diffamat in nos] the synnes of oure disciplyne. ― Matt. ix. 31 Thei goynge out defameden [1388 diffameden] hym thorwȝ al that lond. ― 1 Thess. i. 8 Forsoth of ȝou the word of the Lord is defamyd, or moche told.
▪ II. † defame, n. Obs.|dɪˈfeɪm|
Forms: see the verb.
[ME. diffame and defame, a. OF. deffame (usually disfame, diffame), f. def-, diffamer, to defame. Cf. L. diffāmia (Augustine, 4th c.), f. *diffāmis (cf. dēfamis, and infāmis, infāmia), f. dis- privative + fāma fame.]
1. Ill fame, evil repute; dishonour, disgrace, infamy.
1375Barbour Bruce xix. 12 Schyr Wilyame Off that purches had maist defame, For principale tharoff wes he. 1474Caxton Chesse iii. vi. H iv, His vertue is torned to diffame. 1533Bellenden Livy iii. (1822) 301 To the grete diffame and reproche of Romanis. 1596Spenser F.Q. v. iii. 38 So ought all faytours..From all brave knights be banisht with defame. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1638) 146 Now he lieth obscurely buried, shrouded in the sheet of defame. 1630Lord Persees 50 Such as are..of publique defame in the world for some evill. 1659Crown Garland of Roses (1845) 60 Yet lives his famous name Without spot or defame.
2. Defamation, slander, calumny.
a1450Knt. de la Tour 2 Gret defames and sclaundres withoute cause. 1502Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) iv. xxi. 270 Those to whome he hath spoken the dyffame of his neyghbour. 1599Porter Angry Wom. Abingd. in Hazl. Dodsley VII. 376 Mrs. Gour. She slandered my good name. Fran. But if she now deny it, 'tis no defame. 1609Rowlands Knaue of Clubs 36 Fond men vniustly do abuse your names, With slaundrous speeches and most false defames. 1654Whitlock Zootomia 447 Nibles at the Fame Of's absent Friend; and seems t' assent By silence to 's Defames. |