| 释义 |
▪ I. stench, n.|stɛnʃ|
Forms: α. 1 stenc, stengc, 3–6 stenche, 3, 4, 6– stench. β. 6 staunch, 7–8 stanch. γ. 2–4 stunch(e, 3 Orm. stinnch, 4, 5–7 stinche, 5–8 stinch, 4–6 stynch(e, (6 stintch, styntche).
[The α and β forms represent OE. stęnc masc. = OS. stanc (LG., Du. stank; Sw., Da. stank from LG.), OHG. stanch (MHG. stanc, mod.G. stank):—OTeut. types *stankwi-z, -kwo-z, f. *staŋkw- ablaut-var. of *stiŋkw- stink v. The γ forms are morphologically a distinct word, repr. OE. *stync = OS. stunc masc.:—OTeut. type *stuŋkwi-z, f. the weak-grade of the same root.]
†1. An odour, a smell (pleasant or unpleasant); also, the sense of smell. OE. only (very common).
a900Bæda's Hist. iii. viii. (1890) 174 Swa micel swetnisse stenc. 971Blickl. Hom. 59 Þa swetan stencas ᵹestincað þara wuduwyrta. c1000ælfric Hom. II. 372/26 Ða fif andᵹitu ures lichaman þæt sind ᵹesihð, hlyst, swæcc, stenc, hrepung.
2. A foul, disgusting, or noisome smell, a disagreeable or offensive odour, a stink.
αc893ælfred Oros. v. 226 Eall forwearð..for þæm stence. a900Bæda's Hist. i. xiii. (1890) 48 Se wolberenda stenc þære lyfte. a1225St. Marher. 11 His fule stench. a1240Ureisun in Cott. Hom. 193 Þer ne schulen heo neuer karien ne swinken, Ne weopen ne murnen ne helle stenches stinken. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 119 Wormes come out of his body, and þe stenche of hym greved all þe oost. c1450Mirk's Festial 11 Anon þys fende vanechet away wyth an horrybull stenche. 1491Chast. Goddes Chyld. 18 Wyckid sauours and fowle stenches. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, i. v. 23 So..Doues with noysome stench, Are from their..Houses driuen away. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 836 Nor cou'd Vulcanian Flame The Stench abolish, or the Savour tame. 1735Somerville Chase iii. 158 Plunging he wades besmear'd, and fondly hopes In a superior Stench to lose his own. 1828Coleridge Cologne 4 In Köhln..I counted two and seventy stenches, All well defined, and several stinks! 1841Dickens Barn. Rudge lx, The air was perfumed with the stench of rotten leaves and faded fruit. 1883Stevenson Treas. Isl. xvi, The nasty stench of the place turned me sick.
β1652French Yorksh. Spa xiv. 104, I shall the better make to appear the Cause of its stanch and bitterness. 1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xlix. 190 The great stanch which proceeded from these dead bodies. a1653Gouge Comm. Heb. ix. 19 The cleer sun is noysome to dunghils..by reason of the stanch in the dunghil. a1711Ken Urania Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 473 Fear not the stanch nice Sense may meet.
γc1200Ormin 1209 Sinness fule stinnch. a1225Ancr. R. 216, & he schal bidon ham & pinen ham mid eche stunche iðe pine of helle. c1290Brendan 491 in S. Eng. Leg. 233 Strong was þe stunch and þe smoke. 1422Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. xlv. 208 By the noosthurles we haue knowlech of odeurs and stynches. 1477Norton Ord. Alch. v. in Ashm. (1652) 70 Stinch is a Vapour..Of things which of Evill Complexions be. c1585[R. Browne] Answ. Cartwright 6, I maruaile howe his penne coulde droppe downe such poyson, and he not smell the stinch thereof as he wrote it. 1643Baker Chron., Hen. I, 60 His Physitian that tooke out his braines, with the intolerable stinch shortly after died. 1765J. Brown Chr. Jrnl. 226 My candle is near wasted... Now extinguished, it goes out with a stinch.
3. without article. Evil-smelling quality or property, offensive odour, stink.
αc1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 167 Þo ne mihte no man for stenche cumen him enden. a1225Ancr. R. 216 Stench stihð uppard. 1340Ayenb. 248 Huerof ne may go out bote uelþe and stench. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xix. xl. (1495) 884 Stenche may be so stronge that it may be cause of soden deth. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. xi. 13 That all the ayre about with smoke and stench did fill. 1697Dryden æneis viii. 638 Till choak'd with Stench..The ling'ring Wretches pin'd away, and dy'd. 1756C. Lucas Ess. Waters III. 317 Acids cause neither stench nor precipitation in the above solution. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. v. I. 652 In the dungeon below all was darkness, stench, lamentation, disease and death. 1859Dickens T. Two Cities i. v, A narrow winding street, full of offence and stench.
β1592Daniel Epitaphium Wks. (Grosart) I. 80 Fayre Rosamond..Who whilome sweetest smelt..Doth nowe wth deadly staunch infest ye nose.
γc1175Lamb. Hom. 43 Þe siste [uþe wes] smorð er þe seofeþe ful stunch. c1300Beket (Percy Soc.) 2306 Hit stonk so foule..That unethe myȝte eni man for stinche [S.E. Leg. line 2386 stunche] neȝ him beo. 13..Minor Poems of Vernon MS. xxxvii. 970 Foul he stonk as stunch of helle. c1440Jacob's Well 147 Eueremore he brast out horryble stynch. c1530Judic. Urines ii. xii. 40 Wt stynche or els wt euyll sauor at y⊇ nose. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abuses (1877) 42 But inwardly is full of all stinche and lothsomnes. 1646Earl of Monmouth tr. Biondi's Civil Warres ix. 227 From Filth and Mire, nothing but Pollution and Stinch can be expected.
4. Something that smells offensively.
1595Shakes. John iii. iv. 26 Thou odoriferous stench, sound rottennesse. 1909Edin. Rev. Oct. 292 Brayton has long been a stench in the nostrils of all decent citizens.
5. attrib. and Comb., as stench-charged, stench-involved adjs.; stench-pipe, an extension of a soil-pipe to a point above the roof of a house, to allow foul gases to escape; stench-trap, a device in a drain, etc. to prevent the upward passage of noxious gas; a stink-trap.
1899Daily News 28 Dec. 6/3 A noisome loft, *stench-charged and drenched with moisture from the rotten..thatch.
1730–46Thomson Autumn 1204 A proud city..convulsive hurled Sheer from the black foundation, *stench-involved, Into a gulf of blue sulphureous flame.
1891Rutland Gloss. s.v. Crookle, What you want is *stench-pipes. You run 'em up as high as your chimney, and they'll be no eyesore.
1833Loudon Encycl. Archit. §1803 The whole to enter into one drain in each area, where a proper *stench-trap and grate are to be formed.
▪ II. stench, v.|stɛnʃ|
Also 6–7 stinch(e, 7 stanch.
[OE. stęncan (Northumbrian):—prehistoric *staŋkwjan, f. *staŋkwi-z stench n. In the 16th c. (sense 2) prob. a new formation on the n.]
1. intr. To have an ill smell, to stink.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. John xi. 39 Uutudlice stenceð [Vulg. fetet]. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 8401 Þe smoke þer of ssolde boþe stenche & blende. 1570Levins Manip. 134/36 To stinche, fœtere.
2. trans. To cause to emit a stench, to make to stink, to render offensive. Also with up. ? Obs.
1577Googe Heresbach's Husb. iv. 163 b, The Goose..stencheth the ground with her vnprofitable..dounging. 1596Harington Apol. Aa 7 b, This same companie hath so stencht vp his house, that he must be forced to lye at London tyll his house be made sweeter. a1631Donne Serm. (1649) II. 203 But after a Goose that stanches the grasse they [sc. sheep] will not [feed]. 1655Moufet & Bennet Healths Improv. iii. 13 Is not Middleborough, Roterdam, Delf,..stinched every dry Autumn with infinite swarms of dead frogs, putrifying the aire worse then carrion? 1707Mortimer Husb. 227 'Tis the foulness of the Ponds only that stencheth the Water. 1762Young Resign. i. 96 Dead Bards stench every Coast. 1801Farmer's Mag. Nov. 371 Taking the sheep off their feed to lodge in the night, we think of great use, as it prevents dropping their soil on the pasture (what our shepherds here term stenching their food). 1838Hood To Mr. Izaac Walton 10 ‘How dare you,’ says I, ‘for to stench the whole house by keeping that stinking liver?’
3. To subject to stenches.
1824Blackw. Mag. XV. 473 The fullest impression that could be purchased by our being parched, passported,..starved and stenched, for 1200 miles.
Hence ˈstenching ppl. a.
1654Z. Coke Logick 37 Smel. Simple. Sweet or Stinching. 1694Motteux Rabelais iv. l, As if..some divine Vertue could lye hid in a stenching ulcerated rotten Shank. 1905Dundee Advertiser 1 Mar. 8 The villages are vile and stenching.
▪ III. stench
obs. form of stanch v., staunch a.
1659Lady Alimony iii. iii. F 4 b, And if thou canst not live so stench But thou must needs enjoy thy Wench. |