| 释义 |
▪ I. stent, n.1 Obs. exc. Sc.|stɛnt|
Forms: α. 4–5 stente, (6 steynte, 5 Sc. stenth, 7 Sc. staint), 6– stent. β. 5–6 stynte, 6 stynt(t, 6–7 stint.
[a. OF. estente: see extent n. (Cf. stint n.1, with which this word seems to have been partly confused.)]
1. The valuation or assessment of property formerly made for purposes of taxation; the amount or value assessed, tax, impost, duty. = extent n. 1 a, b.
α138.Wyclif Sel. Wks. II. 422 Whanne a prelat dieþ þe pope wole have his stente of alle þat falliþ to his hous. c1390–1400in R. Glouc. (Rolls) 7678 [MS. C has stentes for rentes in the following passage: Þe king willam..Let enqueri þoru al engelonde..þe rentes of ech toun]. c1440Promp. Parv. 474/1 Stente, or certeyne of valwe, or drede [Winch. dette], and oþer lyke,.. taxacio. 1502Arnolde Chron. Contents, The valewe and steynte of the benyfice of seint magnus in london. 1535St. Papers Hen. VIII, II. 249 Your Counsaill..may foresee a new stent to be made of your revenewes. 1557in Marwick Edin. Guilds (1909) 89 That na burges sonn..salbe haldin to pay taxt, stent, walk or waird..nocht haffing stob nor staik. 1581W. Stafford Exam. Compl. ii. (1876) 35 And so as the pryce of your wares riseth; and yet I doe but keepe my land at the olde stent. 1642in Row Hist. Kirk (Wodrow Soc.) Life J. Row 20 The presbitrye had sett down a stent on every kirk. 1657Kirk Sess. Rec. in J. Campbell Balmerino (1899) 408 Ane staint of a hunder merkis laid upon the heritors. 1786Burns Twa Dogs 51 Our Laird gets in his racked rents, His coals, his kane, an' a' his stents. 1862G. Henderson S. Matt. in Lowl. Scotch ix. 9 (E.D.D.) He saw a man sittin' at the resett o' stent. 1883W. C. Smith N. Country Folk 103 Mad Earl lxvii, And there are three old burghs too, paying him stents and dues.
β1470–85Malory Arthur i. xxiv. 72, I had leuer than the stynte of my land a yere that he were on lyue. Ibid. vii. xxxv. 269, I wold not for the stynte of my croune to be causar to withdrawe your hertes. a1513Fabyan Chron. vii. (1811) 363 To pay the .v. part of the stynte of theyr landes. 1538Starkey England ii. i. 175 That al such rentys as be inhaunsyd by memory of man schold be rebatyd, and set to the old stynt of that tyme. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 157 They should..pay the fift part of the stint of their landes. 1577V. Leigh Surv. M ij b, That he maie thereby the better perceiue what euery Tenaunte commonly paieth for an acre..after the stinte of his rente. 1740New Hist. Jamaica 55 The Successors of Columbus..used the utmost Severity in collecting the Stints which they imposed.
†b. ? Valuation. Obs.
c1460Sir R. Ros La Belle Dame 769 in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1903) 108, I can nat se but all is at o stent, Þe good, þe yll, þe vyce, and eke vertu.
†2. attrib. and Comb., as stent maker, stent making; stent oil, ? the quantity of oil claimed as duty on the year's produce; stent-roll, assessment roll.
1613Extracts Burgh Rec. Glasgow (1876) 337 Sindrie.. quha in tyme bygane haif blasphemit the *stent makeris.
1569Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 683 Anent the assisting, contributioun, and *stent making in tyme bipast.
1614Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 486/1 Payand..for thrie leischepund 1½ merk *stent oylie 5 pundis 2s. 2d. 1633Ibid. 740/2 Reddendo unum lie leispund de lie stent-oyllie.
1517Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. V. 126 Item..for non-delivering of thair *stent row ijs. 1657Melrose Regality Rec. (S.H.S.) I. 162 The whole elders of the parish..to collect and deliver to him the stent of their towns conform to the stent-roll produced. 1723Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 44 Some are threatened to have their stent-roll heightened in August next, if they come not in and vote.
▪ II. † stent, n.2 Sc. Obs. rare—1.
[Of obscure origin; perh. an error.]
? A staple or hole to receive the end of a bar.
c1470Henry Wallace iv. 238 Wallace..Be fors off handis it [a locked bar] raist out off the stent [ed. 1570 sprent].
▪ III. stent, n.3 Sc.|stɛnt|
[f. stent v.1]
A stake for stretching fishing nets upon in a river. Also Comb. stent-net.
a1712Fountainhall Decis. (1759) I. 293 There were two other points then found irregular in them, viz. their fishing with stent-nets. 2 do, Their [etc.]. 1797in Morison Decis. (1806) XXXIII. 14283 [The Lords..prohibited the defenders] from using stent-nets or hang-nets of any sort. 1863MacQueen's Rep. (1866) IV. 548 The right to put a stake or stents in the alveus of the river,..and the right to use the stakes when placed there for the purposes of fishing. 1900Ld. Halsbury in Law Rep., App. Cases 418 The one end of the stent net being fixed by an anchor in the stream.
▪ IV. stent, n.4|stɛnt|
Tin-mining rubble.
1778W. Pryce Min. Cornub. 133 Care is requisite to throw off the Stent or rubble from the tye to itself. 1902Baring-Gould Book of West II. v. 63 The rubbish thrown out of a mine is called stent.
▪ V. stent, n.5 Med.|stɛnt|
Also Stent, stint.
The name of Charles T. Stent (1807–85), English dentist. a. Used attrib., absol., and in the possessive to designate a substance invented by him for taking dental impressions; also, an impression or cast of a part or body cavity made of this or a similar substance, and used to maintain pressure on it so as to promote healing, esp. of a skin graft.
The form Stents is a proprietary name.
1878[see impression material s.v. impression n. 9]. 1899Trade Marks Jrnl. 15 Feb. 155 Stents... A composition, sold in tablet form, specially intended for taking impressions of the gums and for like dental purposes. Caroline Stent, 5, Coventry Street, London, W.C.; dentist and manufacturer of dental composition. 1920H. D. Gillies Plastic Surgery of Face i. 10 An impression of the Sulcus is taken with warm Stent. Ibid., The dental composition used for this purpose is that put forward by Stent, and a mould composed of it is known as a ‘Stent’. 1939S. Fomon Surgery of Injury & Plastic Repair ii. 128 Over irregular areas and where the base lacks resistance, such as on the eyelids and neck, and in inaccessible areas, like the nose and mouth..the use of dental modeling compound, commonly referred to as stent, is invaluable, as it acts in the dual capacity of pressure dressing and splint. Ibid. xvii. 1268 All cicatricial tissue beneath the surface is removed to form a pocket into which a stent mold covered with a razor graft, raw side out, is buried and sutured in place. 1961Webster, Stent, also stint. 1961Brit. Med. Dict. 1350/1 Stent's composition, a proprietary form of composition used in dentistry, and in skin grafting. 1964R. Battle Plastic Surgery x. 234 An impression of the raw surface [of the eyelid] must be taken in Stent's wax.
b. A tube implanted temporarily in a vessel or part.
1964Jrnl. Prosthetic Dentistry XIV. 1168 All stents must be removed daily and cleaned. A pipestem cleaner is effective in cleaning the tube. 1975Year Bk. Ear, Nose & Throat 114 Packing consists of a rayon basket with cellulose sponges in the meatus. Sutures and packing are removed after 7 days. Stents are not used. 1978Sci. Amer. Apr. 67/1 A soft Teflon tube called a stent is placed in the vessel to keep the lumen open and facilitate the suturing. 1980D. M. Mahoney in R. C. A. Weatherley-White Plastic Surg. Female Breast vii. 203/2 At the time of the surgery, the physician lacerates the common bile duct and the liver. Both are successfully repaired but the common bile duct, of course, requires a stint.
▪ VI. stent, v.1 Sc.|stɛnt|
Also 5 stynt.
[? Altered form of stend v.1, due to the influence of the pa. tense and pple. stent.]
1. trans. To extend, stretch out or set (a tent, sail, curtain, net, etc.) in its proper position.
1375Barbour Bruce xvi. 282 He..gert ane tent soyne stentit be. c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode iv. vi. (1869) 177 Þe cordes þat þe wylde beste hadde stented [orig. tendu] in my wey. 1496Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. I. 293 Giffin to xij pynouris to stent the Kingis pailȝounis, vij s. 1508Dunbar Gold. Targe 236 To schip thai went, And swyth vp saile vnto the top thai stent. a1510Douglas King Hart 378 The courtinis all of gold about the bed Weill stentit was quhair fair Dame Plesance lay. 1513― æneis iii. iv. 111 The south wyndis stentis furth strait our schete. 1597Skene De Verb. Sign. s.v. Particata, But of the vulgar people there is but ane forme of metting vsed.., to wit,..be ane string or coard, of sex elnes lang, stented betwixt twa staues. 1651D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk (1843) II. 365 An ensigne was caried before her..stented betwixt two speeres. 1806Morison Decis. XXXIII. 14280 He..stented his nets across both the head and foot of another pool. 1815W. Finlayson Sc. Rhymes 85 (E.D.D.) Your fiddle sweet, stent ilka string, An dinna spare 't. 1900Law Rep., App. Cases 409 No net had ever been declared illegal that had not been fixed or stented.
†b. transf. To set up, erect (a tomb). Obs.
1513Douglas æneis ix. iv. 120 And in my memor vp a tumbe to stent.
†c. To hang with curtains. Obs.
1512Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. IV. 279 Item,..deliverit to Thome of Pebles to stent the wyndois of the Palace of Linlithgow.., xxxvj elnis Bertane claith.
†2. To extend (a person) on, in (an instrument of torture). Also with out. Obs.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxxvii. (Vincent) 155 Þar-for in a frame stent hyme in lynth & brede, lith & lyme. Ibid. xlviii. (Juliana) 157 A quhele þan he gert sone dycht,..& stent hir þar-one but hone vith cordis. c1500Kennedy Passion of Christ 783 Lord, my syn..Garis þe now ly stentit on þe tre. 1728Ramsay Fables, Miser & Minos 44 Should he..stented be on Ixion's wheel?
†3. To keep in place, stiffen (garments, etc.). Obs.
1488Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. I. 139 Item, for thre elne of rownde braide clayth to stynt the saim thre dowblatis. 1501Ibid. II. 26 Item, for xviij elne cammas to stent the samyn ruf, xviij s. 1504Ibid. 293 Payit..for lynyng clath to stent the said cheseb on, iij s. 1552–3Ibid. X. 164 Item, v. quarteris small canves to stent the same [doublat], iij s. ix d.
4. transf. To distend (the stomach). Obs.
1801J. Thomson Poems Scot. Dial. 51 As lang as we get meal and bread, And ither things to stent our wame.
Hence ˈstented ppl. a.
1513Douglas æneis i. xi. 7 The quene was set at deis, Vndir hir glorius stentit capitale. 18..Burns' Mary Morrison ii. in Whitelaw Sc. Songs (1844) 49 Yestreen, when to the stented string The dance gaed through the lichtit ha'.
▪ VII. † stent, v.2 Chiefly Sc. Obs.
Also 6 stynt, stinte.
[f. stent n.1, or aphetic var. of extent v. (Cf. stint v., with which this word seems to have been to some extent confused.)]
1. trans. To assess, tax (a person, community, country).
c1440Promp. Parv. 474/1 Stentyd, taxatus. a1513Fabyan Chron. vii. (1811) 448 The warde of Algate was stynted or sessyd at .xxx.li. Ibid. 522 The lordis and gentylmen were stynted at certeyne men, after the value of theyr landys. 1557–8Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. X. 334 To vesie and considder quha wes absent witht thair oxin stentit to carie the munitioun of Hume. a1670Spalding Troub. Chas. I (Bannatyne Club) I. 92 Then they begane to stent the king's leidges within the shyre of Angus. 1725Ramsay Gentle Sheph. ii. i, For never did he stent Us in our thriving, wi' a racket rent.
absol.1569Reg. Privy Council Scot. II. 12 That thai [our Soverane Lordis liegis, landit men] convene..and stent and contribute every man according to the avale of thair landis.
2. To assess and tax (land, goods).
1548–9Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. IX. 278 Chargeing the Shereffis to gif up thair retoures of the landis withtin thair sherefdomes and ballieries for stenting of the punde landis, etc. 1570Foxe A. & M. (ed. 2) 18/1 To prescribe hys lawes, to stinte his landes, and such other. 1654Kirk Sess. Rec. in J. Campbell Balmerino (1899) 408 [Three elders appointed as] stentours..impartiallie to stent and sie what bolls of victuall everie heretor was. 1848Edin. Topogr. & Antiq. Mag. Dec. 146 The lands and barony of Nevay, stented at {pstlg}5 old, and {pstlg}20 new extent.
3. To levy (a sum of money) as an assessment; to determine the amount of (an assessment).
1633in A. McKay Hist. Kilmarnock (1880) 153 [Parliament passed an Act to establish a school in every parish in Scotland,] upon a sum to be stented upon every plough or husband land. 1687Rec. Elgin (New Spalding Club) I. 341 The Counsell appoyntit Saturday next..for stenting the cess. 1720in W. Cramond Ann. Cullen (1888) 80 For ale and brandy at stenting the Lambas cess 15s.
Hence ˈstented ppl. a., ˈstenting vbl. n.
c1440Stented [see sense 1]. 1587Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1814) III. 508/2 Fra all taxationis..watching warding stenting and vtheris chargeis.
▪ VIII. † stent, ppl. a.1 Sc. Obs.
[Pa. pple. of stent v.1]
Extended; distended; taut.
1513Douglas æneis ix. vii. 31 The wod was large,..Of breris ful, and thyk thorn ronnis stent. 1789D. Davidson Seasons 120 Until her apron was sae stent [with gathered nuts], The strings in targets, flew. 1886J. Barrowman Sc. Mining Terms 64 Stent, taut.
▪ IX. stent, ppl. a.2 Sc.|stɛnt|
[Pa. pple. of stend v.1]
Assessed, taxed.
1544in Leadam Crt. Requests (Selden Soc.) 122 The Lordes & ther offycers wolde not alow ther yeldyng stent fynes. 1679Spirit of Popery 16, I judge it fit..to leave my Testimony against the stent taxation cess that hath been so unjustly imposed.
▪ X. stent
variant of stint n. and v. |