| 释义 |
▪ I. stith, n.|stɪθ|
Forms: 4 stiþ(e, (steyth), 4–7 styth, 5 stethe, stede, 5–7 stythe, 6–7 stithe, 4– stith.
[See stithy.]
1. = stithy n. 1. Obs. exc. north.
c1300Havelok 1877 [They] beten on him so doth þe smith With þe hamer on þe stith. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 1168 The Smyth That forgeth sharpe swerdes on his Styth. 1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 10973 Wyth-inne an hevy styth off stel, A ffethre sholde entre as wel As any doctryne..Sholde entre in-to hys hed. 1465in Finchale Priory Charters etc. (Surtees) p. ccxcix, ij stethes, ij foyrhamers [etc.]. 1494Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. I. 250 Item, for tussen of the stede to the smede viij d. 1584–7Greene Carde of Fancie (1593) D 4 b, Valericus..determined to strike on the Stith while the yron was hot. 1586Whitney Choice of Emblems 192 For there with strengthe he strikes vppon the stithe [rhyme-word pith]. 1609Heywood Brit. Troy viii. xxi. 174 Most thinke Lame Vulcan on the Styth first wrought. 1787Grose Prov. Gloss., Stith, an anvil. 1823E. Moor Suffolk Words, Stith, a smith's anvil. 1866W. Henderson Folk Lore N.C. i. 27 They placed a charge of gunpowder in the stith, or anvil of the blacksmith's shop, and fired it.
†2. = stithy n. 2. Obs. rare—1.
1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. v. xliii, The first [bone] an Hammer call'd, whose out-grown sides Lie on the drumme; but, with his swelling end Fixt in the hollow Stithe.
▪ II. stith, a. Obs. exc. Sc.|staɪθ|
Forms: 1–3 stið, 4 stiþ, styþ, (3 stitth), 4–5 styth, 5 stythe, 5–7 stithe, (5 steyth), 3– stith; Sc. 8–9 styth, 9 stythe.
[OE. stíð = OFris. stîth, ON. stinn-r (MSw. stind-er):—OTeut. *stenþo- (a type *stenþjo- appears in MLG. stîde, WFlem. stijde, stide).]
1. Of material things: Not bending or giving easily, unyielding, stout, strong. ? Obs. exc. Sc.
Beowulf 1533 (Gr.) Hit [a sword] on eorðan læᵹ, stið and stylecᵹ. c1000Sax. Leechd. I. 288 Ðeos wyrt..hafað lange leaf & stiþe. 1375Sc. Leg. Saints xii. (Mathias) 278 [He] went furtht & hyme-self can hynge with a cord bath styth & strange. 1375Barbour Bruce x. 364 A cruk thai maid..Of irn, that wes styth and square. a1400–50Wars Alex. 5461 And all þe strands of þe streme stode full of stith reedis. c1400Destr. Troy 1997 Was no stightlyng with stere, ne no stithe ropes, Ne no sayle, þat might serue for vnsound wedur. Ibid. 13282. a 1420 Aunters of Arthur 591 Stiþe stapeles of stele þey strike done stiȝte. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 5005 He was taken, And in to stithe fettirs schakyn. 1513Douglas æneis x. vi. 17 Bend vp ȝour ayris styth, and rays ȝour schippys. [1871P. H. Waddell Psalms in Scottis xxxi. 4 Redd me frae the girns they hae happit for me; for yerlane are my stoop sae styth.]
†b. Of a place of defence or confinement: Strong, stout; formidable, powerful. Obs.
c1000Ags. Ps. lx. 2 Þu me ᵹelæddest mid lufan hyhte, wære me stranga tor, stið wið feondum. c1320Sir Tristr. 897 Tounes þai ȝold him skete And cites stiþe of stan. 1340–70Alisaunder 91 They..turned tit to a towne þat Attanus hyght, A stiþ stede, & a strong. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xl. (Ninian) 946 [He was] put in pressone stith of stane. c1425Wyntoun Cron. vii. 3202 Þis Kynge..made hym for to duel In til Edynburgh þe stythe castel.
2. Inflexible, rigid, stiff.
†a. (OE. only.) Of the neck: = stiff a.
c897ælfred Gregory's Past C. xxxiii. 228, & him ðone stiðan swioran [L. rigida colla] fortræde.
b. Sc. Rigid (in death). ? Obs.
1755R. Forbes Ajax' Sp., Jrnl. fr. Lond. to Portsmouth 30 An' the horses tak a brattle now, they may..ding me yavil, an' as styth as gin I had been elf-shot. 1768Ross Helenore 8 Up by the lambie's lying yonder styth. 1808Jamieson s.v. Stith 3 Sheet styth, shot dead, Aberd.
c. Sc. Of a rope: Taut. ? Obs.
1825Jamieson, Stith, Styth..3. Stiff, in consequence of being stretched; applied to a rope, Upp. Clydes.
†3. Hard, severe, stern, harsh, austere, cruel towards persons or things. Obs.
c897ælfred Gregory's Past. C. xvii. 126 Sie ðær eac reðnes [in a ruler], næs ðeah to stið. a1000Cædmon's Gen. 2848 (Gr.) Stiðum wordum, spræc him stefne to. a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1086, Ac he wæs swa stið þat he ne rohte heora eallra nið. c1175Lamb. Hom. 95 He demað stiðne dom þam forsunegede on his efter to-come.
†4. Inflexible of purpose, immovable, steadfast; also, obstinately firm, stubborn. to stand stith, to stand firm. Obs.
c1000Ags. Ps. cxlvii. 6 For andwlitan celes, þær æni ne mæᵹ him standan, stiðe mode. c1205Lay. 10083 Þes wes ræh þes wes strong Þes wes stið æn þonke. c1250Gen. & Ex. 1591 Esau wifuede us to dere Quan he..Toc of kin ðe canaan bi-gat, For-ði he maked him stið & strong. a1300Cursor M. 61 (Cott.) He þat stitthest wenis at stand [c 1375 (Fairf.) stiþest to stande], Warre hym his fall is nexst his hand. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1725) 194 My broþer Safadyn Is riche of tenement, his sonnes strong & stith, Þer wille wille not be went. 1375Barbour Bruce viii. 384 A lord..so veill bowrdand, And in battale so stith to stand.
5. Intense in degree or quality; not mild or weak; severe, violent, strong.
†a. of a conflict, contest, etc. Obs.
c1000Battle of Maldon 301 Þær wæs stið ᵹemot. a1300Cursor M. 3461 Þair strut it was vn-stern stith. 1375Barbour Bruce ix. 343 Thar wes oft bikkyrring stith & stout. c1400Destr. Troy 9679 The store was full stith.
b. of the weather, a storm, etc. ? Obs.
c1100O.E. Chron. (MS. D.) an. 1048, Her wæs se stiþa winter. Ibid. an. 1052, He..feng swa stið weder þat he uneaðe a wæiᵹ com. c1250Gen. & Ex. 3266 Ðhunder, and leuene, and rein ðor-mong, God sente on ðat hird, stið and strong. c1400Sc. Trojan War i. 413 And wedderis styth [wald] Baith ger fall rayn and haile. c1420Sir Amadace (Camd.) xlviii, Stithe stormes me ore-drofe. 1801W. Beattie Fruits of Time Parings (1871) 24 Perforce of endrift styth He is oblig'd to seek a lyth Amo' the byres.
†c. of a stream. Obs.
1375Barbour Bruce x. 84 Ane vattir..That ran doun by the hillis syde, And wes rycht styth, bath deip & wyde. 1513Douglas æneis v. 64 Quhair that Ionium clepit is the see, And als forgane the stith stremis of Malee.
†d. of things affecting the taste or smell. Obs.
c1000Sax. Leechd. I. 156 Ᵹenim þysse wyrte sæd..ᵹe⁓mencged mid stiþum ecede. c1400Destr. Troy 932 Iason..Dange on the deuyll..Tyll the stremys of stynke & of stythe venum Past out in the place pyne to be-holde. 1674Ray N.C. Words 45 Stithe Cheese, i.e. strong Cheese.
†e. of the voice, a noise. Obs.
c1000Ags. Ps. liv. 17 Þæt þu bliðe me, mine stefne, stiðe ᵹehyre. a1300Cursor M. 22527 All bestes..cri sal wit stiþer steuen þan nu mai do ten or elleuen, All for dred. a1400–50Wars Alex. 1251 Sa stithe a steuyn..As it was semand to siȝt as all þe soyle trymblid.
†6. Stout, stalwart, valiant, mighty. Obs.
Chiefly in alliterative phrases in ME. poetry.
a1300–1400Cursor M. 18181 (Gött.) Sua stith [Cott. stijf] in sture, and king of bliss, Dede and alsua liuand [þou] es. c1320Sir Tristr. 66 A turnament þai ches Wiþ kniȝtes stiþe on stede. c1325Metr. Hom. (1862) 10 [John the Baptist] said a stither gom than I, Efter me sal com in hy. c1330Amis & Amil. 1303 On stedes that were stithe and strong, Thai riden togider with schaftes long. c1400Rowland & Otuel 485 Þis was a stythe stroke of a knyghte, & no thynge of a childe! c1440Pallad. on Husb. iv. 912 A staloun asse ybolked, brawny, sadde And large ylimed, stronge & steyth. c1450Holland Howlat 697 In flesche tyme, quhen the fische war away flemyt, Quha was stewart bot the Stork, stallwart and styth. c1470Gol. & Gaw. 678 Right styth, stuffit in steill, thai stotit na stynt, But buskit to battaille.
absol.c1400Destr. Troy 21 But olde stories of stithe þat astate helde, May be solas to sum þat it segh neuer.
▪ III. † stith, adv. Obs.
Forms: 1–2 stiðe, 4 stith(e, styth.
[OE. stíðe, f. stíð stith a.]
Strongly, stoutly, firmly; violently; harshly, severely.
a1000Cædmon's Gen. xlii. 30 (Gr.) And hu stiðe se land⁓hlaford spræc wið hiᵹ. a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1006, Forþan þe hi hæfdon ælce scire on West Sexum stiðe ᵹe marcod mid bryne. a1310in Wright Lyric P. 99 Bote er aȝeyn the [God] stith y stod, Er ant late, loude ant stille. 1325Metr. Hom. (1862) 4 Hou thai mai..stithe stand igain the fend. c1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 3173 He says..Þat ay þe styther þat ilk man here Gyves his lykyng..Til veniel syns,..Þe langer sal he pyned be In purgatory. c1380Sir Ferumb. 631 Hure strokes fulle so styþ & sare þay schulde so doþ þe þonder.
b. Comb. In Layamon prefixed to adjs. of ppl. form, forming combs. equivalent to parasynthetic derivatives of stith a.: stith-bewalled, strongly walled; stith-imained, having a strong force; stith-imoded (cf. OE. stíðmód), stout-hearted.
c1205Lay. 25820 And forð he gon steppen stið imainede eorl. Ibid. 26022 Arður gon step vorð stið imoded kempe. Ibid. 30697 Eorð-hus heo hureden stið biwaled on eorðen.
▪ IV. † stith, v. Sc. Obs.
[f. stith a. (OE. had ᵹestíðian intr., to become strong).]
trans. To set firmly, to cause to remain immovable.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xliv. (Lucy) 242 Þe haly gast had sa stithit hire, þat nane of þai mycht of þat place a fute hire stere. Ibid. 270 It is of criste þe benyfice, þat stithis me on þis wyse.
▪ V. stith
obs. form of stythe. |