| 释义 |
▪ I. stomach, n.|ˈstʌmək|
Forms: α. 4–6 stomak, 4–7 -ake, -ac, -ack, 5–7 -acke, (5 -oke, -ocke, 5–6 -ok, 6 stommok, stummock, stomacque, 7 stamocke, 8 Sc. stamock); β. 6 stomache, 6– stomach (9 Sc. stammach).
[a. OF. estomac, stomaque, stomeque (mod.F. estomac) ad. L. stomachus, a. Gr. στόµαχος, orig. the throat, gullet, hence the mouth or orifice of any organ, esp. of the stomach, and later the stomach itself; f. στόµα mouth. Cf. Pr. estomac, Sp. estómago, Pg. estomago, It. stomaco.
The Gr. senses occur in Latin, where however the usual sense is ‘stomach,’ with various fig. applications, e.g. ‘appetite,’ ‘indignation,’ ‘courage,’ etc.]
1. a. In a human or animal body: The internal pouch or cavity in which food is digested.
In man, the stomach is a dilatation of the alimentary canal, occupying the upper part of the left side of the abdomen. In some animals there are several stomachs, through which the food passes in succession; thus in ruminants there are the first stomach (paunch, rumen), the second stomach (honeycomb, reticulum), the third stomach (omasum, psalterium), and the fourth or true stomach (abomasum).
13..E.E. Allit. P. C. 274 & þer he [Jonah] festnes þe fete & fathmez aboute, & stod vp in his [the whale's] stomak, þat stank as þe deuel. c1374Chaucer Boeth. iii. met. xii. (1868) 107 Þe fowel þat hyȝt voltor þat etiþ þe stomak or þe giser of ticius [erron. tr. L. Tityi jecur]. c1374― Troylus i. 737. 1375 Barbour Bruce iii. 542 That soucht nane othir salss thair-till Bot appetyt..For weill scowryt war thar stomakys. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xxxviii. (1495) 152 The stomak is beclipped in on place wyth the lyuer. a1400–50Wars Alex. 4436 Youre mawis ȝe fill,..Stuffis so ȝour stomake with stullis & of wynes, Þat [etc.]. 1406Hoccleve La Male Regle 150 A draght of wyn..To warme a stomak with. 1500–20Dunbar Poems xxvii. 52 In to his stommok wes sic ane steir, Off all his dennar quhilk he coft [v.r. cost] deir. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 36 Somtyme of great replecyon or fyllyng of y⊇ stomacke, or surfet. c1623Lodge Poor Mans Talent E 2, The stomacke is the storehouse of the Bodie. 1650Bulwer Anthropomet. xi. 117 The Gullet moveth the meat into the Stomack by natural instruments. 1664E. Browne Jrnl. in Sir T. Browne's Wks. (1836) I. 54, I being desirous to see the inside of a man's stomache, hee cut one up for me which hee had by him. 1686tr. Chardin's Trav. Persia 168 It is not to be imagin'd what an empty stomach I had all the while that I was in Mingrelia. 1833N. Arnott Physics I. iii. v. 661 A full stomach produces tension and projection of the belly. 1834McMurtrie tr. Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 482 In the middle of the inferior margin [of the rib in Medusæ] is the mouth, a wide aperture opening into a stomach placed transversely in the thickness of the rib. 1847W. C. L. Martin Ox 144/2 The second stomach is the reticulum or honey⁓comb... The third stomach is termed manyplus, manyplies, manifold, and other names, in allusion to its internal foliations. 1873Mivart Elem. Anat. 441 The stomach..is a simple, somewhat pear-shaped bag, curved so that its upper surface is concave. 1884Day Fishes Gt. Brit. I. p. lii, This gizzard-like stomach is evidently employed for grinding up hard food. 1901Daily Chron. 26 July 3/4 The oyster and his fellow mollusca..like man himself,..possess that test of biological greatness, a true stomach.
transf.1605Rowlands Hell's broke loose 20 Our Purses may haue emptie stomackes all.
fig.c1440Jacob's Well 117 Takyth þe tryacle of my techyng in-to þe stomak of ȝoure soule.
†b. to defy or digest the stomach: see defy v. 1 b, digest v. 4 f.
c. on an empty stomach: fasting. on a full stomach: immediately after a copious meal.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 376 A Horsse may haue shortnesse of breath, by hasty running after drinking, or vpon a full stomach. 1663Bayfield Treat. De Morb. Capitis 88 Barley masticated, or chewed, upon an empty stomach. 1744Berkeley Siris §3 About half a pint night and morning on an empty stomach. 1780Mirror No. 98 When⁓ever he read on an empty stomach, he was apt to be disturbed with uneasy yawnings. 1865A. Thomas On Guard xxvii. II. 178 Mrs. Green made some shadow of a protest against the brandy being taken on an empty stomach.
d. Viewed as the organ of digestion. Often with epithet, as weak, strong, good, etc.
c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 133 Þo stomak of a man schulde deffye his mete. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 13 Forbede hem neiþir wiyn ne fleisch, for þe stomak þat is so feble ne myȝte nouȝt engendre nessessarie mater of blood þat longiþ to þe wounde. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 23 The wolf..Saide he [the lambe] maadde his water unholsom, His tender stomake to hinder and undispose. 1519Knaresb. Wills (Surtees) I. 8 Hole in mynde and wake in stomak. 1599H. Buttes Dyets drie Dinner I i, Signifying the holesomnesse thereof to a good stomacke. 1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 70 Mace..strengtheneth the stomack. 1631T. Powell Tom of All Trades 31 A Citizens wife of a weake stomacke. 1669Dryden Tempest ii. (1670) 18 This [Brandy] works comfortably on a cold stomach. 1779Mirror No. 9, I am a Scotsman of a good plain stomach. 1853A. Soyer Pantroph. 73 The cucumber, although but little nutritious, does not agree with cold stomachs. 1856Athenæum 26 Apr. 515/3 A brewage so composed can only be fitting for the stomachs of Belphegor and his brethren.
transf.1612Sturtevant Metall. (1854) [115] The seuerall sorts of Raw matters, which are the things that the Stomack of the Furnace worketh upon.
fig.1589Pappe w. Hatchet in Lyly's Wks. (1902) III. 399 His conscience hath a colde Stomacke.
e. as the seat of hunger, nausea, discomfort from repletion, etc. to lie (heavy) on one's stomach: (of food) to cause indigestion. (See also turn v. 12, 12 b.)
c1394P. Pl. Crede 765 A great bolle-full of benen were betere in his wombe,..Þan..comeren her stomakes wiþ curious drynkes. 1513Life Hen. V (Kingsford 1911) 64 To..indure the rage and boysterous of the sea, wthout accombrance and disease of his stomacke. c1522More De quat. noviss. Wks. 99/1 And than the head aketh, & the stomake knaweth, and the next meale is eaten wt out appetite. 1567Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 36 He wuld haif eitin with the swyne, His hungrie stomok to fulfill. 1610Shakes. Temp. ii. ii. 118. 1649 Jer. Taylor Great Exemp. Pref. ⁋18 He knew that some appetites might be irregular, just as some stomackes would be sicke. 1709T. Robinson Vindic. Mosaick Syst. 59 The Dog..when he finds himself sick at Stomach..presently runs to Grass, and having eaten it, it gives him a Vomit, and the Dog is well. 1711Swift Jrnl. to Stella 5 Sept., I ate sturgeon, and it lies on my stomach. 1774Burke Amer. Tax. (C.P.S.) 95, I am sure our heads must turn, and our stomacks nauseate with them. 1786,1807[see sick a. 1 c]. 1829Southey Pilgr. Compostella iv. Poet. Wks. VII. 264 Not till he had confest,..did he feel His conscience and stomach at rest. 1842Macaulay Ess., Freak. Gt. ⁋8 Sometimes he was forced to swallow food so nauseous that he could not keep it on his stomach. 1852Thackeray Esmond iii. v, 'Twas the stomach that caused other patriots to grumble, and such men cried out because they were poor.
f. as the part of the body that requires food; hence, put for the body as needing to be fed.
1904Windsor Mag. Jan. 268/2 ‘An army marches on its stomach.’ ‘C'est la soupe qui fait le soldat.’ These Napoleonic aphorisms..have been [etc.].
fig.c1530Tindale Jonas Prol. A vij b, God oure father & scolemaster fedeth vs & teacheth [printed teached] vs accordinge vn to the capacite of oure stomakes.
†g. Used to render L. jecur (liver) as the supposed seat of lust. Obs.
Cf. the original passage, De Proeliis Alexandri, ‘Cupidinem deam iecoris existimas.’
1340–70Alex. & Dind. 686 Ȝe sain þat he [Cupidus] is a soþ god..Þat haþ þe stomak in stat stifly to kepe, For þere þe hete that men han is holden wiþ-inne Þat enforceþ þe flech folie to wirche. 1390Gower Conf. II. 177 Cupide..was the sire Of the stomak, which builleth evere, Wherof the Iustes ben the levere.
¶2. Some of the earlier anatomists (following, ultimately, Galen) attempted to restore to the word its original Gr. sense of œsophagus or gullet, and to give the name ventricle to what is ‘improperly’ called the stomach.
1541Copland Galyen's Terap. 2 H j b, We must gyue medicaments to drynke to hym yt hath his ventricle vlcerate, whiche vulgarily is called y⊇ stomacke, & yf the bulke yt proprely is called y⊇ stomacke, yt the grekes cal cesophagus [sic] be vlcerate, the sayd medycaments ought nat to be taken & swalowed at ones, but by lytel & lytell. 1578Banister Hist. Man v. 68 The begynnyng of the stomache is at the roote of the toung, in the lower part of the iawes behynd Larinx. Ibid. 70 The Ventricle consisteth of two broad and thinne coates together ioyned, euen as the stomach or throte, but somewhat unlike. 1658Rowland tr. Moufet's Theat. Ins. 1121, I mean by the stomach the mouth of the ventricle, taking the word stomach improperly, for properly it signifies the throat{ddd}the properly called stomach, that is, the throat is fenced with most strong bones.
3. The part of the body containing the stomach, the belly, abdomen; sometimes (formerly often) applied to the chest.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints x. (Matthew) 488 He..his gret sorow for to slak, hyme-selfe into þe stomak strak, & ȝeld þe gaste. c1400Laud Troy Bk. 10929 He was al bare but his hauberke On his brest & his stomak. c1440Gesta Rom. xvi. 56 (Harl. MS.) Þere came an arowe, & smote him at þe stomak, & he felle doun ded. 1530Palsgr. 276/2 Stomake, estomac, poictrine. 1567Fenton tr. Bandello xiii. (1898) II. 245 Her stomake also, some what raised by two rounde and precius dugges..was covered with a brave and softe vaile,..whyche hyndred no waye the viewe of her travellynge brestes. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. ii. vii. 37 b, About their neck and vpon their stomacke, they were many chaines, tablets, & other trynkets. a1605Montgomerie Misc. Poems xxvii. 3, I wot ȝe neuer kneu A harte more treu with⁓in a stomok stik. 1748Smollett Rod. Rand. xxvii, Many cross-buttocks did I sustain, and pegs on the stomach without number. 1847Marryat Childr. N. Forest iv, The dog..dragged himself on his stomach after Edward. 1863Kingsley Water-Bab. vi. (1869) 271 So they lived miserably on roots and nuts, and all the weakly little children had great stomachs, and then died. 1888Rider Haggard Maiwa's Revenge i, Good crawled upon his stomach.
transf.1848Thackeray Van. Fair lxii, With..his hand in the stomach of a voluminous white waistcoat. 1902Cornish Naturalist Thames 8 Barometers, if tapped violently in the centre of their mahogany stomachs.
†4. Sc. = stomacher. Also, a chest-covering for a horse. Obs.
1473–4Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. I. 38 Deliuerit to Caldwele.. j elne of satyne for stomokis to the Quene. 1488–92Ibid. 80 Item, in the same box, a stomok. 1500–20Dunbar Poems xxvii. 11 With mony lymmar loun,..Off stomok steillaris and clayth takkaris. 1506[see shaker 6]. 1508Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. IV. 22 Item for vj quartaris quhit dames to be foure stomo[k]is for hors housouris, xlij s. 1540–1Ibid. VII. 423 The litill copburd of silver witht certane stomokkis, perle bedis, [etc.]. 1558Extracts Aberd. Reg. (1844) I. 309 The wrangous reiffing and away taking fra hir of ane plyd,..ane bukrame approwne, ane stomak.
5. a. Appetite or relish for food. Obs. exc. (somewhat arch.) with const. for.
c1386Chaucer Sompn. T. 139 The body is ay so redy and penyble To wake, that my stomak is destroyed. 1514Barclay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 1 A lordes stomake & a beggers pouche Full yll accordeth. 1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 182 They haue no stomacke to their meate. 1560T. Wilson Rhet. (1563) 72, I haue no liste to eate now, it is to earely for me, my stomacke is not yet come to me. 1590Shakes. Com. Err. i. i. 49 You haue no stomacke, hauing broke your fast. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. iii. xiii. 185 A rich man told a poore man that he walked to get a stomach for his meat. a1654Selden Table-T. (Arb.) 88 'Tis a good rule, eat within your Stomack, act within your Commission. 1674–7J. Molins Anat. Observ. (1896) 19 The Boy came to his Stomack, and would goe. a1722Lisle Husb. (1757) 271 Such working every other day..would get them a stomach to their meat. 1726Swift Gulliver ii. iii, I had quite lost my stomach, and was almost reduced to a skeleton. 1746Oxf. Sausage (1764) 34, I..Rode for a Stomach. 1766Complete Farmer s.v. Purging, Horses that fall off their stomach,..should have a mild purge or two. 1841James Brigand v, Heaven send us all as good food as I have a good stomach. 1855Thackeray Newcomes II. xxxvii. 334 ‘You must go back to your dinner.’ In vain I pleaded that I had no stomach for it. 1859Tennyson Enid 1062 And Enid took a little delicately, Less having stomach for it than desire To close with her lord's pleasure. 1867Howells Ital. Journ. 95 The lions had no stomach for Glaucus on the morning of the fatal eruption.
b. fig. Relish, inclination, desire (for something immaterial).
1513Douglas æneis xiii. vi. 76 Agane his stomak..the contrak is ybrokken. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iii. v. 92 Nay, let me praise you while I haue a stomacke. 1610― Temp. ii. i. 107 You cram these words into mine eares, against the stomacke of my sense. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 313 These matters, I assure you, it goes against my stomacke to relate. 1622Bacon Hen. VII, 38 It was an Act against his stomacke, and put vpon him by necessitie and reason of State. a1660Contemp. Hist. Irel. (Ir. Archæol. Soc.) II. 27 The captain against his stamocke condescended. 1682Bunyan Holy War (1905) 369 The Captains..did do such execution with their stones, that they made him, though against stomach, to retreat. 1722De Foe Plague 65, I had no stomach to go back again to see the same dismal scene over again. 1793Dr. Burney in Mme. D'Arblay's Diary & Lett. (1891) III. 479, I have little stomach to write. 1870Emerson Soc. & Solit., Books Wks. (Bohn) III. 82 And if one lacks stomach for Mr. Grote's voluminous annals, the old slight and popular summary of Goldsmith..will serve. 1902Buchan Watcher by Threshold 186, I had no stomach for more mysteries.
6. a. Used (like ‘heart’, ‘bosom’, ‘breast’) to designate the inward seat of passion, emotion, secret thoughts, affections, or feelings. Now rare.
1482Cely Papers (Camden) 131 The wyche y onderstond ye taked sor at yowre stomak. 1537Starkey in Strype Eccl. Mem. (1721) I. App. lxxxi. 197, I trust..your bounden duty to your Sovereign Lord & Master shal so prevail in your stomac, that you [etc.]. 1537Cranmer Let. to Crumwell Misc. Writ. (Parker Soc.) II. 348 Your good mind to⁓wards me concerning my debts to the king's highness, which of all other things lieth most nigh unto my stomach. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 164 b, They knew nothyng of all his doynges, whiche sore greved their stomackes. 1571Walsingham in Digges Compl. Ambass. (1655) 151 The common people ease their stomacks onely by uttering certain seditious words. 1599Chapman Hum. Day's Mirth E 2 b, Nay I do not cry, but my stomacke waters to thinke that you should take it so heauily. 1642D. Rogers Naaman 346 Evill which causeth such a fulsomenesse and wearinesse in Gods stomacke. 1663Butler Hud. i. iii. 222 This said, his grief to anger turn'd, Which in his manly stomach burn'd. 1707Addison Rosamond ii. ii. 16 My Stomach swells with secret Spight To see my fickle, faithless Knight..So little his own Worth to know. 1721Strype Eccl. Mem. I. i. xi. 98 Nor cared they to meddle openly against the Emperor, especially in this, which he took so much to Stomach. 1859Earl Granville Let. in E. Fitzmaurice Life Granville (1905) I. xii. 344, I ought to..tell you of..the enormous weight off my stomach when I failed [to form a government]. 1965E. B. White Let. July (1976) 533 The city is very strange this summer—alternately deserted and packed, and the nearness of Harlem always in everybody's stomach.
†b. to utter (the bottom of) one's stomach: to disclose one's inmost thoughts. Similarly, to fish out the bottom of a person's stomach. Obs.
1537Cromwell in Merriman Life & Lett. (1902) II. 92 As you may therby fishe out the botom of his stomake, and aduertise his Maieste howe he standethe disposed towardes him. 1538Ibid. 128, I cannot but..be glad, that ye so frankely utter your stomache to me. 1604Hieron Preachers Plea 28 But such as I am shall often heare them talke at libertie, and vtter the very bottome of their stomackes.
†c. In various phrases, to pierce one's stomach, sink (deep) into one's stomach, to stick in one's stomach: said of something that makes a lasting (esp. painful) impression on the mind. Obs.
1387–8T. Usk Test. Love ii. viii. (Skeat) l. 15 It may not sinke in my stomake til I here more. 1509Fisher Funeral Serm. C'tess Richmond Wks. (1876) 298 Dauyd sayth..zelaui super iniquos..it perceth my stomacke to se the rest & ease that synners often haue. c1536in Priory of Hexham (Surtees) I. App. p. clix, There is somewhat that stykkes in their stomakkes. a1548Hall Chron., Edw. IV, 207 These reasons..sancke in the Dukes stomacke. 1565Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Mordeo, Thy letters did much greue me, or pinche me at the stomake. 1579Rice Invect. agst. Vices H j b, Now, therefore do I sore muse, how this question..could sinke into any honest, & specially, into any Christian mans stomake, to demaunde, what [etc.]. 1643Baker Chron., Eliz. (1653) 558 For this new Earl [of the Holy Empire] stuck in the stomacks of the English Barons, who inwardly grudged to give him place. 1691Wood Ath. Oxon. (1817) III. 369 Which usage sunk so deep into his stomach, that he [Selden] did never after affect the bishops and clergy. 1708S. Centlivre Busy Body v. iv, Does not your hundred pounds stick in your stomach? 1781Cowper Madan's Answ. Newton 8 Which stuck in M.'s stomach as cross as a bone. 1809Malkin Gil Blas x. vii. (Rtldg.) 356 This declaration stuck in his stomach. 1828Carr Craven Gloss., ‘To stick in the stomach,’ to remain in the memory with angry resentment.
†7.
a. Temper, disposition; state of feeling with regard to a person; occas. friendly feeling, friendliness. Obs.
1476Sir J. Paston in Paston Lett. III. 160 He also hathe tolde me moche off hys stomake and tendre faver that he owythe to yow. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xii. 288 And I behelde vpon my bredern, & knewe their stomackes. 1535Coverdale Prov. xi. 17 He yt hath a gentle liberall stomacke, is mercifull. 1553Brende Q. Curtius vi. 98 Antipater therefore which knew ful wel his stomake, durst not vse the victory accordinge to his owne will. 1565Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Animus, Nec vnus in te ego hos animos gessi, Not only I had that stomake towarde you. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 307 When he had gotten perfect intelligence and vnderstanding of the Horsses stomacke, he..addressed himselfe to mount on his backe. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 51 The auxiliarie souldiers likewise were of the same stomack.
b. With various adjs. (e.g. bold, high, proud, malicious) or other qualifying words. (The combination of adj. and n. is sometimes equivalent to the n. in sense 8.)
c1510More Picus Wks. 5/1 He was verie quicke, wise, and subtile in dispicions, and had great felicitee therein, while he had that high stomak. 1535Coverdale Prov. xvi. 18 After a proude stomake there foloweth a fall. 1536in Priory of Hexham (Surtees) I. App. p. cxxxi, He did nothyng..but of a willyng malicys stomak. 1548Hall Chron., Edw. IV, 218 Erle of Warwicke, whose stoute stomacke, and invincible corage,..caused death before..old age. 1565Cooper Thesaurus, Sublimitas animi, lofty stomake or courage. 1573G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 14 A wurthi pattern of a noble stummock. 1576Ralegh in Gascoigne Steele Glas (Arb.) 47 For spyteful tongs, in cankred stomackes plaste, Deeme worst of things, which best (percase) deserued. 1617Hieron Penance for Sin xix. (1619) 283 It is scarcely to bee thought that that mans soule is truely taught of God, who is backward, especially out of height of stomake, to bee a Teacher vnto others. 1631Quarles Samson iii, Great God! whose power hath so oft prevail'd Against the strength of Princes, and hast quail'd Their prouder stomackes. a1661Fuller Worthies, Durh. (1662) 294 This Ralph was a Prelate of High Birth, haughty Stomach, great Courtship, [etc.]. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 322 Before his Training, keep him poor and low: For his stout Stomach with his Food will grow. 1709Strype Ann. Ref. I. xxxv. 348 But Bourne, not⁓withstanding, had an angry Stomack against the Bishop. 1772J. Fletcher Logica Genev. 29 The proud and haughty stomachs of the daughters of England are so maintained with divers disguised sorts of apparel, that [etc.]. 1835Lytton Rienzi v. v, His stomach is too high for that now. 1881Blackie Lay Serm. viii. 263 Middleton, soon after this hasty provocation of the stout old Scottish stomach, fell into discredit.
8. In various senses relating to disposition or state of feeling.
†a. Spirit, courage, valour, bravery. Obs.
Phrase, to take stomach (often with dat. of refl. pron.).
c1532G. Du Wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 904/2 The stomake, le courage. 1534More Comf. agst. Trib. ii. Wks. 1171/1 A merye tale wyth a frende, refresheth a manne..and amendeth his courage and hys stomake. 1538Starkey England (1878) 27 Yet the grete frute..wych may..yssue of the same may somewhat encourage vs and gyue vs stomake. 1540R. Hyrde tr. Vives' Instr. Chr. Wom. (1592) I 3, Against these darts of the divell..let her take the buckler of Stomacke. 1544Bale Exam. Oldcastle 26 b, He toke stomake vnto him agayne. 1565Cooper Thesaurus, Afferre animum alicui, to encourage; to geue stomake. 1569T. Underdown Heliodorus iv. 55 After shee knewe her selfe, and had taken stomake vnto her, shee..saide [etc.]. 1571Homily agst. Disobedience ii. D j b, Lustie and couragious captaines, valiaunt men of stomacke. 1579Fenton Guicciard. vii. (1599) 270 The king of Romains also taking stomack by the greatnesse of his son, solicited to passe into Italy. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. ii. i. 137 Hector..Will with a Trumpet,..To morrow morning call some Knight to Armes, That hath a stomacke. 1611Chapman Iliad ix. 335 Let him take stomacke to repell Troyes firie threatenings. 1645Fuller Good Th. in Bad T. 172 John Courcy, Earl of Vlster, was chosen Champion for the English; A Man of great Stomack and Strength. 1663Butler Hud. i. ii. 107 Instead of Trumpet and of Drum, That makes the Warrier's stomach come; A squeaking Engine he apply'd.
†b. Pride, haughtiness; obstinacy, stubbornness.
a1513Fabyan Chron. vii. 643 For y⊇ great stomake of the father, yt he wolde not be condycioned with of y⊇ sone. 1575–85Abp. Sandys Serm. x. 169 Zeale without knowledge is not zeale but stomacke. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. vii. 41 Sterne was his looke, and full of stomacke vaine. 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, iv. ii. 34 He was a man Of an vnbounded stomacke, euer ranking Himselfe with Princes. 1641Milton Animadv. Wks. 1851 III. 239 They were..for stomach much like to Pompey the great, that could indure no equall. 1674J. Howard Engl. Mounsieur ii. i. 26 Oh—is your stomack come down. 1692R. L'Estrange Fables ccxv. 188 Now 'tis not Courage but Stomach, that makes many People Break, rather then they will Bend. 1765Foote Commissary i. Wks. 1799 II. 9 Oh ho! what, I suppose his stomach's come down.
†c. Anger, irritation; malice, ill-will, spite; vexation, pique. Obs.
c1540Life Bp. Fisher (E.E.T.S.) p. xlix, Whereat the Cardinall tooke such hartie displeasure against the Emperour that ever after he bare him in stomacke. 1559Abp. Parker in N. Johnston King's Visit. Power (1688) 216, I shall be bold in secretys to Wright it..to avoid som Stomake that ellys might be taken. 1568T. Howell Newe Sonets (1879) 139 Wordes be but winde, to purge his heate, His stomacke to abate. 1592Wotton Let. 10 July Reliq. W. (1685) 675 Having left a stipend..of 1200 Crowns, upon Stomach to see himself cross'd in the Court by the Archbishop of Pisa. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 440 Zemes more upon stomacke and desire of revenge, than [etc.]. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xiii. §67 But the King vpon a stomacke doth it. 1633Bp. Hall Hard Texts Eccl. x. 4 If the Prince be angry with thee, doe not in a stomach or froward pettishnesse give up thine office. 1641Milton Ch. Govt. ii. Wks. 1851 III. 140 Not suddenly to condemn all things that are sharply spoken, or vehemently written, as proceeding out of stomach, virulence and ill nature. 1643Baker Chron., Edw. I, 131 Others of the nobility..took stomach against him. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Stomach, anger.
9. Brewing. See quot. [Perhaps a corruption of some other word; perh. a fanciful use of 8 a.]
1835W. Black Brewing 52 What is technically called the stomach or vinous vapour begins to be smelt, and continues to acquire strength until the process [of fermentation] is concluded. Ibid. 104 Stomach means the pungency, but more particularly the odour of the vapour evolved during fermentation; by which an experienced brewer should at all times be able to judge how the process is going on. 1882E. G. Hooper Man. Brewing (ed. 2) 240 The proper cleansing point is fixed in different ways, and whilst one judges by the heat of the wort ceasing to rise, another goes by the diminution in pungency of the odour or ‘stomach’ exhaled.
10. attrib. and Comb.
a. Simple attrib., pertaining to the stomach, as stomach-blood, stomach-catarrh, stomach-complaint, stomach-digestion, † stomach fit, stomach muscle, stomach ulcer, stomach upset, stomach-wall, stomach-wound; good for the stomach, as stomach-drink, stomach-essence, stomach-pill, stomach powder, stomach-wine;
b. objective and locative, as stomach-stretching; stomach-hating, stomach-healing, stomach-qualmed, stomach-sick, stomach-soothing, stomach-turning, stomach-twitched, stomach-whetting, stomach-worn adjs.;
c. special comb., † stomach-anger nonce-wd., concealed anger; stomach-bag = cheeselip1 2; stomach cough, a cough supposed to proceed from indigestion; † stomach grief, bitter anger; † stomach-gut, the duodenum; stomach-piece Naut. (see quot.); stomach pocket Zool., in Medusæ, a cavity serving as a stomach; stomach-pouch, (a) the protuberant abdominal pouch found in certain ducks and geese; (b) = prec.; stomach-pump, a kind of pump or syringe for emptying the stomach (esp. in cases of poisoning) or for introducing liquids into it; stomach-staggers, a variety of staggers (stagger n.1 2) caused by distension of the stomach; stomach sweetbread, the pancreas, as distinguished from the ‘throat sweetbread’ or thymus; stomach-syringe = stomach-pump; † stomach-tight a. Sc., hungry; stomach-tooth (see quot.); stomach-tube, (a) ‘a siphon used in washing out the stomach’; (b) ‘a feeding tube’ (Dorland Med. Lex.); stomach-warmer, a flat vessel of tin-plate, to be filled with hot water and applied to the pit of the stomach; stomach-wise adv. (nonce-wd.), (crawling) on one's stomach; stomach-worm, (a) a common intestinal round worm, Ascaris lumbricoides, sometimes found in the human stomach (= maw-worm); (b) slang (see quot. 1788).
1640Bp. Reynolds Passions xxxi. 317 Neither can I like that close and dissembled, that politick and *stomacke Anger, which cunningly shrowds it selfe under a calme and serene countenance.
1717Dict. Rust. s.v. Cheeslip-bag, ..'Tis the *Stomach-bag of a young Sucking Calf that never tastes any other food than Milk. 1847W. C. L. Martin Ox 37 The first thing to be done is to clear the stomach-bag.
1666G. Harvey Morbus Angl. xxx. (1672) 90 If the evacuated blood be florid, it's *Stomach-blood.
1910Daily Chron. 5 Apr. 9/2 Niemeyer,..speaking of the value of this fluid in *stomach-catarrh, is found saying [etc.].
1824Scott St. Ronan's iii, The gentlemen were as liable to *stomach complaints, as the ladies to nervous disorders.
1875T. K. Chambers Man. Diet 287 ‘*Stomach cough’ and ‘Stomach sore throat’..are best treated by [etc.].
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 369 The sensations accompanying *stomach and intestinal digestion are felt excessively. 1903Daily Chron. 20 Feb. 3/5 Thus tea and coffee both retard stomach-digestion powerfully.
1766Complete Farmer s.v. Purging, When horses lose their appetites after purging, it is necessary to give them a warm *stomach drink.
1672G. Thomson Let. to H. Stubbe 25 A Vindication of the Author's *Stomach-Essence, and other effectual Remedies.
a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Qualm, a *Stomack-Fit.
1533T. Wilson Rhet. 106 b, *Stomake grief [margin, Iracundia], is when we will take the matter as hote as a tost.
1585Higins Junius' Nomencl. 31/2 Intestinum primum,..the *stomach gutte, or maw gut.
1620J. Taylor (Water P.) Praise Hemp-seed (1623) 21 Iniunctions for some *stomacke hating Fast.
1735Somerville Chace i. 378 Each *Stomach-healing Plant Curious they crop.
1965P. O'Donnell Modesty Blaise xviii. 199 Instinct tensed her *stomach-muscles an instant before the woman dropped on her with both knees.
1846A. Young Naut. Dict. 14 Apron, or *Stomach-piece, a piece of curved timber which is bolted on the inside of a vessel's main-stem, to strengthen it and to give shifts to its scarphs. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Stomach-piece, a compass-timber fayed to the stem and keel. An apron.
1662J. Degravere Thesaurus Remed. (ed. 2) 35 First clense downward with the *stomack pills.
1885W. K. Brooks in Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. III. 361 The Narcomedusæ... Radial canals absent, or present as flat radial *stomach pockets.
1854Poultry Chron. I. 498 The duck of this kind has at a very early age a great development of its ‘*stomach pouch.’ 1871Allman Gymnobl. Hydroids 84 The fact of their having twelve tentacles and twelve stomach-pouches instead of eight.
1911E. Wharton Ethan Frome vii. 135 I've a good mind to go and hunt up those *stomach powders I got last year... Maybe they'll help the heart-burn. 1972V. Canning Rainbird Pattern vi. 115 He was restless himself from a substantial dinner and lay awake for hours wishing he had brought some stomach powder.
1822–9Good's Study Med. (ed. 3) I. 119 Until Dr. Physic proved the utility of the *stomach pump in the case of a child poisoned with laudanum, the invention gained little attention. 1899J. Cagney tr. von Jaksch's Clin. Diagn. v. (ed. 4) 151 The handle is removed and the sound connected with a stomach-pump.
1611Shakes. Cymb. iii. iv. 193 If you are sicke at Sea, or *Stomacke-qualm'd at Land, a Dramme of this Will driue away distemper.
1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 289 He proued *stomack-sick to his expedition also. 1657W. Rand tr. Gassendi's Life Peiresc I. 98 He withdrew himself [to sit by the Mainmast] that he might not be Stomach⁓sick. 1664H. More Exp. 7 Epist. ix. 149 Christ here expresseth how nauseous and stomack-sick he is against his Church under this Intervall and Title of Laodicea.
1876J. S. Bristowe Th. & Pract. Med. (1878) 201 Spirits of chloroform, bismuth, or other *stomach-soothing drugs.
1831Youatt Horse vii. 103 In *Stomach-staggers the horse stands dull, sleepy, staggering.
1648G. Daniel Eclog iii. 79 T'allay The *Stomacke-Stretchings of the former Day.
1822–9Good's Study Med. (ed. 3) I. 119 A *stomach syringe, for diluting and washing away various poisons introduced into the stomach..was first suggested by Renault.
1715Ramsay Christ's Kirk Gr. ii. xviii, But ithers that were *stomach-tight, Cry'd out, [etc.].
1890Billings Nat. Med. Dict II. 594 *Stomach tooth, canine tooth of lower jaw of first dentition, so called because of gastric disturbance frequently accompanying its eruption.
1857Dunglison Med. Lex. s.v. Tube, Tube Œsophageal, *Stomach Tube, a long elastic gum tube, capable of being passed into the œsophagus or stomach. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 437 Emetics..may be given when the use of the stomach-tube is inadvisable.
1875Browning Aristoph. Apol. 197 The *stomach-turning stew.
1804Coleridge Lett. (1895) 457, I am as asthmatic and *stomach-twitched as when with you.
1945A. Huxley Let. 27 May (1969) 527 He interferes with the normal functioning of his own body and worries or strains himself into *stomach ulcers. 1961L. Mumford City in History xv. 473 Definite ailments, like stomach ulcers and high blood pressure, seem to be aggravated by the strain of living, say, within sound of a busy motorway or airport.
1960L. Cooper Certain Compass 23 Adrian said that he had a *stomach upset, and went back. 1976D. Clark Dread & Water v. 102 Mugs..if used communally..can serve to pass germs among the party, causing stomach upsets.
1871Allman Gymnobl. Hydroids 84 The internal surface of the *stomach walls.
1835Dickens Sk. Boz, River, A flat bottle like a *stomach-warmer. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Stomach⁓warmer a metal vessel for holding hot water to place on the stomach.
1631Quarles Samson x, Their *stomacke⁓whetting Sallats.
1677J. Beale Nurseries, etc. ii. 24 Poitiers (where I always met with excellent *stomach-wine). 1750J. Theobald App. Medulla Med. Univ. 67 Stomach Wine. Take Half an Ounce of Gentian-root, [etc.].
1893K. Grahame Pagan Ess. 131 Where a rabbit could go, a boy could follow, albeit *stomach-wise, and with one leg in the stream.
1647Trapp Comm. Mark ix. 50. 27 *Stomack⁓worms are killed with salt. 1666G. Harvey Morbus Angl. xvii. (1672) 35 Whence they are called Stomach or Maw⁓worms. 1788Grose Dict. Vulgar T. (ed. 2) s.v., The stomach worm gnaws; I am hungry.
1812[Southey] Omniana I. 229 The same man, sick, dyspeptic, and *stomach-worn.
1905Brit. Med. Jrnl. 4 Mar. 471 The upper part of the *stomach wound was closed.
▸ stomach crunch n. = abdominal crunch n. at abdominal adj. and n. Additions.
1986Washington Post 4 Aug. b5/4, I used the single exercise most professional body builders recommend—*stomach crunches. 2001P. Burston Shameless vi. 89 Stomach crunches were definitely the worst, he thought, as he raised his knees and curled his head and shoulders up for the last time.
▪ II. stomach, v.|ˈstʌmək|
Forms: see the n.
[f. stomach n. Cf. L. stomachārī to be resentful, to be angry with, F. s'estomaquer to take offence.]
†1. trans. To be offended at, resent. Obs.
1523Cromwell in Merriman Life & Lett. (1902) I. 36, I stomak as a sory Subiect may doo, the high iniuries done by the saide Francoys. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 382 Than began he to stomack the matter, & was right sore offended. a1591H. Smith Restit. Nebuchadnezzar 33 So God doth stomacke sinnes in those that beare his owne person. 1611B. Jonson Catiline iii. F 1 b, Publicke report, That giues you out, to stomacke your repulse. 1649Milton Eikon. 110 Parlament is call'd, not by the King, but by the Law, to be his Counselers & Dictators, though he stomac it. 1678Lively Oracles ii. ix. 246 We daily..receive those things with contentment..from an intimate..which if spoken by a stranger or enemy, would be despis'd or stomach'd. 1739Gray Let. Poems (1775) 47 Moreover I think I have reason to stomach your last piece of gravity. 1741Richardson Pamela (1824) I. 115 In such a manner as might show I would not disoblige on purpose, though I stomached this matter very heavily too. 1780Johnson in Boswell (1904) II. 341 An Englishman would have stomached it, and been sulky. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Stomach, to resent.
†b. with clause or infinitive as obj. Obs.
1587Norton tr. Calvin's Inst. iv. vii. (ed. 4) 377 marg., The Bishop of Rome stomoking that the Bishop of Constantinople should come so neere as to bee made by a coun⁓cell next him in authoritie. 1594Mirr. Policy (1599) K ij, When as Iulius Cæsar scorning a superior, and Pompey stomacking to haue any equall to himself, did both striue for the principality. a1641Bp. R. Montagu Acts & Mon. (1642) 289 Alexander..stomacked that Antipater was all in all with his Father.
c. To be offended with (a person).
a1548Hall Chron., Hen. IV, 30 Jhon duke of Burgogn..stomaked and envied the Duke of Orliance. 1583T. Stocker Civ. Warres Lowe C. iv. 52 b, The Magistrate and all the Citezeins did wonderfully stomacke the Catholickes, in so muche, that [etc.]. 1652–62Heylin Cosmogr. iii. (1676) 222/1 Both Nations hated by the Natives..but of the two the Spaniard looked on by the people as the more a Gentleman; the other stomached and despised for their sordid dealings. 1671Woodhead St. Teresa ii. ii. 6, I was very much stomacked by all my Monastery, because I would erect another, more recluse.
†d. intr. To take offence, feel resentment. Obs.
1567Palfreyman Baldwin's Mor. Philos. To Rdr. (1600) A vj b, Not as though I..should swell or stomack against any man. 1591Savile Tacitus, Hist. ii. xxviii. 69 The Auxiliaries mourned the Legions stomacked. 1648Gage West Ind. 208 The good Archbishop..corrected some things in it..which we already hear they have stomached at. 1650S. Clarke Eccl. Hist (1654) I. 142 Herodias rageth afresh, stomacketh anew. a1662Heylin Laud (1668) 359 The Archbishop had long stomackt at the Insolencies of Matthews. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), To Stomach or Stomach at, to be angry at, to resent a thing. 1706J. Sergeant Acc. Chapter Bp. Chalcedon (1853) 85 The Cardinals..who..stomached at the authority of the chapter.
†2. trans. To excite the indignation of, to offend, vex. Obs.
1588A. Munday Palmerin of Eng. i. xi. (1639) E 1 b, Palmerin was chosen chiefe Defendant, which somewhat did stomack the sonnes of Primaleon. 1652–62Heylin Cosmogr. iii. (1676) 136/1 These insolent and unsufferable pranks committed so commonly by these masterful slaves so exceedingly stomached Bajazet the second, that [etc.]. 1675Alsop Anti-Sozzo 693 But the Apostle has said enough in this Chapter to stomack the Pride and Restifness of humane Wisdom.
3. To turn the stomach of, to nauseate. rare.
1796E. Hamilton Lett. Hindoo Rajah (1811) II. 298 Some of us were so much stomached, that we did not much like to go. 1866Howells Venet. Life 76 It is not that the restaurants are very dirty—if you wipe your plate and glass carefully before using them, they need not stomach you.
†4. To inspire with resentment, fury or courage; to incite. Obs.
1541Paynel Catiline xxxix. 56 b, Tell me I pray you, wherto serueth that oration? was it to stomake you ageynst the conspiracy [L. an uti vos infestos conjurationi faceret]? 1545Bale Image Both Ch. i. vi. (1550) F j, When he had stomaked theim by the holy ghost, to shote forth his worde without feare. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VII, 7 To encourage, stomacke and entyce many other to be aiders, assisters & partakers of the same conspiracy. Ibid., Hen. VIII, 163 b, Which fordele might perchance so stomacke him yt he would agre to no new condicions nor agrementes.
5. To brook, endure, put up with, tolerate.
1677Sir H. Capell in Essex Papers (Camden) II. 128 Treas[urer] ill stomachs Ormond's carrying this businesse. 1814Lady Burghersh Lett. (1893) 232, I confess I cannot stomach treating these people de princes. 1814Scott Wav. lvii, So that Fergus was compelled to stomach this supposed affront. 1845James Arrah Neil vi, Dry stomached the affront till the time came for his revenge. 1861Hughes Tom Brown Oxf. xlii, In the end he could not stomach such a backsliding. 1862London Rev. 30 Aug. 190 He cannot stomach ‘a filthy compound of bones and alum’. 1874Slang Dict. 311 Stomach, to bear with, to be partial to. Mostly used in a negative character,—as, ‘I can't stomach that.’ 1880L. Tennyson in 19th Cent. Jan. 67 The first two evils he was obliged to stomach as best he might. 1887Besant World went iii, The study of the Latin language..he could not stomach. 1894Baring-Gould Kitty Alone III. 49 But that Pepperill's niece..should have the temerity to refuse his son was a fact he could not stomach.
6. To take into or retain on the stomach, to digest. nonce-use.
1822Praed Poems (1866) I. 66 Iron and steel, for an early meal, He stomached with ease. 1854S. Dobell Balder i. 3 Vales, mountains, trees, And stones of home,..anon Are stomached by mine hunger.
7. To climb by laying the stomach against.
1884Century Mag. Dec. 195/1 Now creeping under an up⁓rooted tree..; then ‘stomaching’ a prostrate log three or four feet in height. |