| 释义 |
digester|dɪˈdʒɛstə(r), daɪ-|
Also 7 -or.
[f. digest v. + -er.]
He who or that which digests.
†1. That which distributes, disperses, or dissipates (humours). Obs.
1578Lyte Dodoens i. lxxiii. 109 All the Scabiouses are..digesters and diuiders of grosse humors.
2. One who analyses, arranges, and reduces to order, a mass of information; the maker of a digest.
1677Cary Chronol. i. ii. i. viii. 66 Varro a learned Digester of Antiquities. 1794Mathias Purs. Lit. (1798) 432, I would recommend to..the new Digester of our Laws, not to be too subtle in the process. 1862Maurice Mor. & Met. Philos. IV. iv. §44. 130 To come into direct contact with facts, instead of receiving them at second hand through digesters and generalizers. 1885G. W. Hemming in Law Q. Rev. 297 The Digester should..revise every catch-word in the Reports.
3. a. That which digests or promotes the digestion of food; a digestive agent or organ.
1614W. B. Philosopher's Banquet (ed. 2) 83 Galingale..is a Digester of meats. a1698Temple (J.), Rice is..a great restorer of health, and a great digester. 1731–7Miller Gard. Dict. (ed. 3) s.v. Viscum, The Stomachs of these Birds are too powerful Digesters to suffer any Seeds to pass intire through the Intestines. 1744Berkeley Siris §97 Its great virtues as a digester and deobstruent.
b. A person or animal that digests its food (well or ill); fig. one who digests mentally.
1713Steele Guardian No. 60 ⁋1 The generality of readers must..be allowed to be notable digesters. Ibid. No. 142 ⁋3 As great princes keep their taster, so I perceive you keep your digester. c1732Arbuthnot (J.), People that are bilious and fat..are great eaters and ill digesters.
4. a. A strong close vessel in which bones or other substances may be subjected to the action of water or other liquid at a temperature and pressure above those of the boiling point, so as to be dissolved.
In its original form called from its inventor, Papin's digester.
1681D. Papin (title), A New Digester, or Engine for softening Bones. 1682Evelyn Diary 12 Apr., I went..to a supper which was all dressed, both fish and flesh, in Monsieur Papin's digestors, by which the hardest bones of beef itself, and mutton, were made as soft as cheese. 1708J. Keill Anim. Secretion 122 The Jelly extracted by Papin's Digester out of dry and solid Bones. 1783Priestley in Phil. Trans. LXXIII. 415 A cast-iron vessel, which I could close at one end, like a digester. 1794–6E. Darwin Zoon. (1801) II. 412 A close vessel, which is called Papin's digester; in which it is said water may be made red hot. 1885Pall Mall G. 4 May 10/2 The vessel which contained the explosive used at the Admiralty Offices..was what is known as a digester or stock pot, such as is used in kitchens.
b. An apparatus in which the carcases of beasts unfit for food are by the action of heat dissolved into their proximate elements, tallow, gelatine, earthy phosphates, etc.
1874Knight Dict. Mech. I. 702/2. 1892 Daily News 26 Oct. 3/5 Animals and carcases should be removed in..enclosed vans, the animals at once slaughtered..and the carcases destroyed in a digester.
c. An apparatus whereby substances are dissolved by chemical action instead of by heat and pressure.
d. Paper-making. An apparatus in which wood, grass, etc., are turned into pulp by the action of hot water, chemicals, etc.
1898Sci. Amer. LXXVIII. 185/3 The digester is filled to the top with chips..and the acid is then piped in. 1906Chambers's Jrnl. Feb. 206/2 These pieces [of wood]..are fed into a ‘digester’, which in some cases is large enough to produce fifteen tons of pulp at one operation. 1962F. T. Day Introd. to Paper i. 13 The principle was to boil the wood with soda in digesters. |