| 释义 |
subtractive, a. and n.|səbˈtræktɪv|
[ad. med.L. subtractīvus, f. subtract-: see subtract v. and -ive. Cf. Pg. subtractivo.]
A. adj.
a. Involving or denoting subtraction, deduction, or diminution; also in Linguistics, of a morph or morpheme (cf. replacive a.); (of a mathematical quantity) that is to be subtracted, negative, having the minus sign.
1690Leybourn Curs. Math. 808 We have therefore now three Prosthaphæreses of the Moon... Which since they are all of the same sort, to wit, each of them subtractive [etc.]. 1699Phil. Trans. XXI. 352 Subtractive Ratio is that whose Terms are dispos'd to Subtraction, that is, to Division. 1812Woodhouse Astron. xiv. (1821) 381 The resulting numerical values..if additive of the north polar distance, are subtractive of the zenith distance. 1813Monthly Mag. XXXVI. 307 However—Yet—Notwithstanding—Nevertheless. These may be called subtractive conjunctions: they all concede something, and deduct something else. 1824R. Jackson View Formation etc. Armies 505 Besides measured diet,..there are other means..diminishing the volume of the fluids... These are subtractive, viz. blood letting and purging. 1829Bentham Justice & Cod. Petit. Prelim. Explan. p. vi, To employ either draft, with..amendments, whether additive, subtractive, or substitutive. 1890H. B. Fine Number-Syst. Algebra 102 In reducing equations..subtractive terms in either member are rendered additive by transposition to the other member. 1948, etc. [see replacive a.]. 1953[see portmanteau n. 4 d]. 1968Amer. Speech XLIII. 203 Primary graphemic shortenings..may be divided into the subtractive and the replacive.
b. Cryst. (See quot. 1805–17.)
1805–17R. Jameson Char. Min. (ed. 3) 147 Tetrahedral and prismatic molecules are always arranged in such a manner in the interior of primitive and secondary crystals, that, taking them in groups of 2, 4, 6, 8 they compose parallelopipeds... These parallelopipeds are by Hauy named subtractive molecules. 1823Brooke Crystallogr. 66 A more simple theory of decrement..may be substituted for that which has been established upon the assumption of the irregular tetrahedron as the integrant molecule, and the obtuse rhomboid as the subtractive molecule.
c. Photogr. Of or pertaining to the production of a coloured photographic image by passing white light through a series of filters which absorb or subtract different parts of the spectrum. Cf. additive a. c.
1906E. J. Wall tr. Konig's Natural-Color Photogr. i. 23 (heading) Three-color printing, or the subtractive method of three-color photography. 1916G. L. Johnson Photogr. in Colours ix. 141 Processes..which depend on the ‘three-colour’ principle are daily growing in favour... There are two forms of this process, the ‘subtractive’ one..and the ‘additive’ method. 1935[see additive a. c]. 1957V. J. Kehoe Technique Film & Television Make-Up 219 The dye images form the composite color pictures by subtractive synthesis. 1978SLR Camera Dec. 61/1 This subtractive method is the most commonly used in modern colour printing.
B. n. Something that is subtracted or deducted from another quantity; spec. in Linguistics, a subtractive morph or morpheme.
1949E. A. Nida Morphology (ed. 2) iv. 103 Such bound forms are either (1) nonclitics—additives, replacives, subtractives. 1954Word X. 224 The same comment applies to ‘subtractives’. 1979Daily Tel. 21 Nov. 18 Apart from the purchase of a stamp..the ½p is no more than an additive to or subtractive from some other price. |