| 释义 |
▪ I. suffix, n.|ˈsʌfɪks|
[ad. mod.L. suffixum, subst. use of neut. of suffixus, pa. pple. of suffīgĕre, f. suf- = sub- 2 + fīgĕre to fix. Cf. F. suffixe.]
1. Gram. A verbal element attached to the end of a word to form an entirely new word (e.g. short, short-age, short-en, short-er, short-est, short-ish, short-ly, short-ness) or as an inflexional formative (e.g. ox, ox-en).
1778R. Lowth Transl. Isaiah Notes 243 These being all the places, where this word occurs without a suffix. 1864I. Taylor Wds. & Places 124 The suffixes which occur most frequently in Anglo-Saxon names denote an enclosure of some kind. 1900Sweet New Engl. Gram. 459 This suffix is frequent in names of animals, generally expressing youth or smallness, as in youngling. 1904H. Bradley Making of English 133 The freedom with which we can still form new derivatives by means of suffixes inherited from Old English.
2. Math. An inferior index written to the right of a symbol.
1842Penny Cycl. XXIII. 211/1 Suffix, a term lately employed in mathematical language to denote the indices which are written under letters, as in a0, a1, a2, a3. 1882Minchin Unipl. Kinemat. 14 The suffixes signifying that n is to receive all integer values from 1 to ∞.
3. attrib.: suffix ablaut, variation in the vowel of a suffix; suffix language, a language inflected by means of suffixes; suffix-pronominal a., having suffixal pronouns.
1869Bleek Comp. Gram. S. Afr. Lang. ii. 136 One of these families of languages (either the Prefix-Pronominal or the Suffix-Pronominal). 1874H. Bendall tr. Schleicher's Compar. Gram. 3 The Indo-European is therefore a suffix-language, together with the neighbouring languages of the Finnish stem. 1879A. R. Wallace Australasia i. 7 The Australian idioms are characterised exclusively by suffix formations. 1881Whitney Mixt. in Lang. 21 A prefix-language..might live in contact with a suffix-language forever without finding out the latter's character..until, perchance, it should have borrowed suffix-words enough to create in its own usage an analogy [etc.]. 1900E. Björkman Scand. Loan-Words in M.E. I. 112 Here aᵹ might depend on suffix-ablaut as in O.E. faᵹen, faᵹ(e)nian. 1977Archivum Linguisticum VIII. 80 We must now examine cases where SF apparently fails, despite a following [l] rather than [ł]. Several cases, such as falaed, alaer may be explicable on grounds of ‘suffix ablaut’.
Hence ˈsuffixal a., of the form or nature of a suffix; suffixˈation, formation by means of a suffix; suˈffixion [after prefixion], the act of suffixing or state of being suffixed; ˈsuffixment, use as a suffix; ˈsuffixual a. = suffixal a.
1874A. B. Davidson Introd. Hebr. Gram. 101 The cons. and *suffixal forms of sing. and plur. coincide in spelling.
1899Fay in Amer. Jrnl. Philol. XX. 449 After composition had sunk to *suffixation.
a1860Worcester (citing N. Brit. Rev.), *Suffixion.
1879Earle Philol. Engl. Tongue (ed. 3) §356. 331 An old French form -ie, now become y, of whose various *suffixment mention has been made above.
1901J. Huguenin Secondary Stress in Anglo-Saxon 13 The inflected cases in which the *suffixual syllable is lengthened by position are, the genitive and dative singular feminine, the accusative singular masculine, and the genitive plural. 1964[see mora1 3 b].
▪ II. suffix, v. Chiefly in pa. pple.|səˈfɪks, ˈsʌfɪks|
[Partly f. L. suffixus (see prec.), partly f. suffix n.]
1. trans. To fix or place under; to subjoin.
1604R. Cawdrey Table Alph., Suffixed, fastned vnto. 1891Downside Rev. X. 179 These are the words or letters which are suffixed to the larger part of the unacknowledged verse. 190019th Cent. Aug. 240 That splendid outburst of indignant eloquence which he suffixed as a dedicatory epilogue to the Idylls of the King.
2. To add as a suffix.
1778R. Lowth Transl. Isaiah Notes 243 It occurs in other instances with a Pronoun suffixed. 1837Richardson Dict. I. 64 From which by suffixing ed, we form a new participle. 1869Peile Gk. & Lat. Etym. (1875) 55 If pronominal, they must have been suffixed at first to modify the root in a general way.
So suffixed ppl. a., used as a suffix.
1869Bleek Comp. Gram. S. Afr. Lang. ii. 136 note, The use of such a suffixed article. a1902A. B. Davidson O. T. Proph. (1903) xx. 348 All the suffixed pronouns. |