| 释义 |
dissident, a. and n.|ˈdɪsɪdənt|
[ad. L. dissidēnt-em, pr. pple. of dissidēre: see dissidence. Cf. F. dissident (16th c.; adm. by Acad. 1798).]
A. adj. Disagreeing or differing (in opinion, character, etc.); at variance, different. Const. from.
c1534tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) I. 257 These thinges are not altogether dissident from the trewthe. 1551Robinson tr. More's Utop. ii. (Arb.) 130 Sca[r]selie so farre frome vs..as our life and maners be dissident from theirs. 1617Collins Def. Bk. Ely 283 A forme of prayer dissident from the common. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. III. vi. vii. (1872) 241 The dissident Armed-Forces have met. 1865W. G. Palgrave Arabia I. 212 In most respects so dissident from the Wahhabee sectarians. 1890Lowell Latest Lit. Ess. (1892) 97 Men..dissident..in other respects, were agreed in resenting these impediments.
b. Dissenting in ecclesiastical matters.
1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. II. iii. iv. (1872) 101 Whereby come Dissident ejected Priests; unconquerable Martyrs according to some,..chicaning Traitors according to others.
c. Disagreeing in political matters; voicing political dissent, usu. in a totalitarian state.
1955Times 10 May 10/1 Dispatches reaching Paris to-day report that the second of the two dissident sects, the Hoa Hao, are continuing their attacks on Viet Nam Army positions. 1967Ann. Reg. 1966 211 On 8 February another dissident Soviet writer, Valery Tarsis, was allowed to leave for Britain. 1977Time 8 Aug. 7/2 They violate the human rights of their own dissident citizens. 1984Crouch & Porter Understanding Soviet Politics through Lit. p. ix, The distinctions that are often made between ‘regime’ and ‘dissident’ writers..can neglect the fact that there may be significant overlapping concerns.
B. n. One who disagrees; a dissentient.
1789H. Walpole Let. to H. S. Conway 15 July, Some may be seized by the dissidents, and whole provinces be torn from the crown. 1826Scott Rev. Kemble's Life (1849) 153 The scruples of such dissidents from public opinion are real. 1886G. Allen Darwin vii. 120 The magic of his name silenced the derisive whispers of the dissidents.
b. One who dissents from the established or dominant form of religion; a dissenter.
1790(title), An Address to the Dissidents of England on their late Defeat. 1809Syd. Smith Wks. (1859) I. 164/1 He did defend and support it; and did persecute all dissidents from its doctrine. 1855Milman Lat. Chr. IV. 294 Leonists, Speronists, and dissidents of all other descriptions were incapable of holding places of honour. 1874Green Short Hist. viii. §7. 538 Against dissidents from their own system, the Presbyterians were as bitter as Laud himself.
c. spec. Under the kingdom of Poland, the name (L. dissidēntes) given to Protestants, members of the Greek Church, and other Christians, not of the established Roman Catholic Church.
1766Hist. Europe in Ann. Reg. 11/2 Nothing could be granted to the dissidents; not even the toleration of their worship. 1767Chesterfield Lett. 5 May, I have a great opinion of the cogency of the controversial arguments of the Russian troops in favour of the Dissidents. 1837–9Hallam Hist. Lit. ii. ii. §14 In the Polish diets the dissidents, as they were called, met their opponents with vigour and success.
d. In political contexts, one who openly opposes the policies of the government or ruling party, esp. in a totalitarian system.
1940E. Wilson To Finland Station i. vii. 48 He took the position that the voters..had the right to confer power on whom they chose; that for a dissident like himself to refuse to submit to their choice would constitute an act of insurrection. 1949Koestler Promise & Fulfilment iv. 246 The very term ‘dissidents’ had originated through Irgun's refusal to accept the authority of the Jewish Agency. 1970Ann. Reg. 1969 197 Ivan Yakhimovich, once regarded as a model collective farm chairman but dismissed for criticizing the 1968 trial of four dissidents, was arrested in March. 1981M. McAuley Soviet Union since 1917 vii. 234 Dissidents range from left-wing communists to fervent Russian nationalists, from minority nationalists..to those who want socialism with a human face. |